Modal Jazz Composition and Harmony, Volumes 1 and 2

Cover......Page 1 Exploring Philosophy: An Introductory Anthology......Page 2 Dedication......Page 4 Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 14 Part 1: Introduction......Page 18 What Is Philosophy?: Monroe C. Beardsley and Elizabeth Lane Beardsley......Page 20 The Value of Philosophy: Bertrand Russell......Page 30 historical source Defence of Socrates: Plato......Page 33 Part 2: Reasoning......Page 60 The Elements of Argument: Steven M. Cahn, Patricia Kitcher, and George Sher......Page 62 Improving Your Thinking: Stephen F. Barker......Page 70 Necessary and Sufficient Conditions: Steven M. Cahn......Page 75 Scientific Inquiry: Carl G. Hempel......Page 77 Part 3: Knowledge......Page 84 Caring and Epistemic Demands: Linda Zagzebski......Page 86 What Is Knowledge?: A. J. Ayer......Page 89 Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?: Edmund L. Gettier......Page 91 Conditions for Knowledge: Robert Nozick......Page 93 Appearance and Reality: Bertrand Russell......Page 95 What Can I Know?: D. Z. Phillips......Page 99 The Problem of Induction: Bertrand Russell......Page 104 Induction Without a Problem: P. F. Strawson......Page 106 Puzzling Out Knowledge: Susan Haack......Page 108 Meditations on First Philosophy: René Descartes......Page 111 An Essay Concerning Human Understanding: John Locke......Page 115 A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge: George Berkeley......Page 122 An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding: David Hume......Page 132 Critique of Pure Reason: Immanuel Kant......Page 141 Part 4: Mind......Page 148 The Ghost in the Machine: Gilbert Ryle......Page 150 Body and Soul: Richard Taylor......Page 154 The Mind–Body Problem: Paul M. Churchland......Page 157 What Is It Like to Be a Bat?: Thomas Nagel......Page 170 The Qualia Problem: Frank Jackson......Page 173 Knowing What It’s Like: David Lewis......Page 176 Computing Machinery and Intelligence: Alan Turing......Page 178 Do Computers Think?: John Searle......Page 182 The Body Problem: Barbara Montero......Page 185 historical source Meditations on First Philosophy: René Descartes......Page 190 Part 5: Free Will......Page 196 Free Will: Thomas Nagel......Page 198 Free Will and Determinism: W. T. Stace......Page 203 Freedom or Determinism?: Steven M. Cahn......Page 206 The Principle of Alternative Possibilities: Harry Frankfurt......Page 216 The Capacities of Agents: Neil Levy......Page 218 historical sources An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding: David Hume......Page 222 The Dilemma of Determinism: William James......Page 230 Part 6: Identity......Page 244 A Case of Identity: Brian Smart......Page 246 The Problem of Personal Identity: John Perry......Page 248 The Unimportance of Identity: Derek Parfit......Page 250 historical sources An Essay Concerning Human Understanding: John Locke......Page 255 A Treatise of Human Nature: David Hume......Page 258 Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man: Thomas Reid......Page 263 Part 7: God......Page 268 Does God Exist?: Ernest Nagel......Page 270 Why God Allows Evil: Richard Swinburne......Page 277 Pascal’s Wager: Simon Blackburn......Page 287 Pascal’s Wager: An Assessment: Linda Zagzebski......Page 290 The Problem of Hell: Marilyn McCord Adams......Page 292 Faith and Reason: Michael Scriven......Page 294 God and Morality: Steven M. Cahn......Page 299 historical sources The Ontological Argument: Anselm and Gaunilo......Page 301 Summa Theologiae: Thomas Aquinas......Page 305 Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion: David Hume......Page 308 The Wager: Blaise Pascal......Page 326 Natural Theology: William Paley......Page 329 The Will to Believe: William James......Page 333 Part 8: Moral Theory......Page 346 How Not to Answer Moral Questions: Tom Regan......Page 348 Moral Isolationism: Mary Midgley......Page 352 Kant’s Ethics: Onora O’Neill......Page 357 Assessing Utilitarianism: Louis P. Pojman......Page 359 Virtue Ethics: Julia Driver......Page 366 The Ethics of Care: Virginia Held......Page 369 Egoism and Moral Skepticism: James Rachels......Page 373 Happiness and Morality: Christine Vitrano......Page 383 Existentialism: Jean-Paul Sartre......Page 386 historical sources Nicomachean Ethics: Aristotle......Page 390 Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals: Immanuel Kant......Page 395 Utilitarianism: John Stuart Mill......Page 400 Part 9: Moral Problems......Page 408 A Defense of Abortion: Judith Jarvis Thomson......Page 410 On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion: Mary Anne Warren......Page 423 Why Abortion Is Immoral: Don Marquis......Page 435 Virtue Theory and Abortion: Rosalind Hursthouse......Page 441 Active and Passive Euthanasia: James Rachels......Page 450 The Intentional Termination of Life: Bonnie Steinbock......Page 456 Famine, Affluence, and Morality: Peter Singer......Page 464 A Reply to Singer: Travis Timmerman......Page 471 The Case for Animal Rights: Tom Regan......Page 475 Speaking of Animal Rights: Mary Anne Warren......Page 482 Part 10: Society......Page 492 Two Concepts of Citizenship: Jean Hampton......Page 494 Democracy: John Dewey......Page 500 What Is a Liberal Education?: Sidney Hook......Page 505 Cultivating Humanity: Martha Nussbaum......Page 513 Letter from a Birmingham Jail: Martin Luther King, Jr.......Page 516 historical sources Crito: Plato......Page 529 On Liberty: John Stuart Mill......Page 542 Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844: Karl Marx......Page 551 Part 11: social justice......Page 556 A Theory of Justice: John Rawls......Page 558 Distributive Justice: Robert Nozick......Page 562 Non-contractual Society: A Feminist View: Virginia Held......Page 567 historical sources The Republic: Plato......Page 574 Leviathan: Thomas Hobbes......Page 594 Second Treatise of Government: John Locke......Page 600 Part 12: art......Page 604 The Role of Theory in Aesthetics: Morris Weitz......Page 606 Aesthetic Concepts: Frank Sibley......Page 612 Speaking in Parables: Sallie McFague......Page 617 Fearing Fictions: Kendall Walton......Page 619 historical sources The Republic: Plato......Page 630 Poetics: Aristotle......Page 637 Part 13: life and death......Page 644 The Trolley Problem: Judith Jarvis Thomson......Page 646 Turning the Trolley: Judith Jarvis Thomson......Page 647 Death: Thomas Nagel......Page 650 The Badness of Death: Shelly Kagan......Page 658 historical sources Phaedo: Plato......Page 665 Writings: Epicurus......Page 668 The Handbook: Epictetus......Page 675 Part 14: The meaning of life......Page 694 The Meaning of Life: Richard Taylor......Page 696 Meaning in Life: Susan Wolf......Page 704 Meaningful Lives: Christine Vitrano......Page 708 Part 15: Asian Outlooks......Page 712 The Buddha’s Message: Christopher W. Gowans......Page 714 The Confucian Way: Henry Rosemont, Jr.......Page 721 The Tao: Ray Billington......Page 727 Twelve Zen Stories......Page 730 Bibliographical Note......Page 737 Index......Page 738 "In 'Exploring Philosophy: An Introductory Anthology', Steven M. Cahn brings together exceptionally clear recent essays by noted philosophers and supplements them with influential historical sources. Most importantly, the articles have been carefully edited to make them understandable to every reader. The readings are enhanced by concise introductions, study questions, explanatory notes, and suggestions for further reading. Reflecting the major role of women in philosophy today, more than 1/4 of the contemporary essays are authored by women. The sixth edition features a new section on Asian Outlooks, with essays on Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, and Zen Buddhism."-- Amazon.com