Mindfulness Among Students: The Impact of Faculty and Demography in Malaysia (SpringerBriefs in Well-Being and Quality of Life Research)

This book utilizes quantitative research methods to identify the relationship between the level of mindfulness and demographic factors among university students in Malaysia. More specifically, it explores the mindfulness, its benefits and relationship with demography, and the field of study of university students. While Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale questionnaire (Brown & Rayan, 2003) was used for the quantitative approach, findings in the book were also ascertained through descriptive and co-relational statistics test. The research presented in the book moves beyond the individual level of mindfulness towards “organizational mindfulness”, and will be useful for psychotherapists, high school counselors and teachers. Declaration 7 Preface 8 Contents 9 Abbreviations 12 List of Figures 13 List of Tables 14 1 Introduction 15 Abstract 15 1.1 Introduction 15 1.2 Background of Study 16 1.3 Statement of the Problem 18 1.4 Research Objectives 19 1.5 Research Questions 19 1.6 Research Hypotheses 19 1.7 Scopes of Study 19 1.8 Significance of Study 20 1.9 Conceptual Framework of Study 20 1.10 Theoretical Framework and Model of Mindfulness 21 1.11 Conceptual and Operational Definitions 22 1.12 Conclusion 24 References 24 2 Literature Review 28 Abstract 28 2.1 Introduction 28 2.2 The Value of Mindfulness in Life 29 2.3 Mindfulness and University Students 31 2.4 Mindfulness and Demographic Factors 33 2.4.1 Mindfulness and Age 33 2.4.2 Mindfulness and Gender 33 2.4.3 Mindfulness and Race 34 2.4.4 Mindfulness and Education Level 34 2.4.5 Mindfulness and Health Condition 34 2.4.6 Mindfulness and Family Status 34 2.4.7 Mindfulness and Religion 35 2.4.7.1 Islam 35 2.4.7.2 Buddhism 35 2.4.7.3 Christianity 36 2.4.7.4 Hinduism 36 2.4.7.5 Irreligion 36 2.5 Mindfulness Measurement 37 2.6 Students in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 39 2.7 Conclusion 39 References 40 3 Methodology 46 Abstract 46 3.1 Introduction 46 3.2 Research Design 47 3.3 Population and the Sample 47 3.4 Research Location 48 3.5 Research Instrument 48 3.5.1 Research Questionnaire 48 3.6 Research Procedure 50 3.7 Data Process and Analysis 51 3.8 Conclusion 51 References 52 4 Data Analysis 53 Abstract 53 4.1 Introduction 53 4.2 Analysis of Demographic Factors 53 4.2.1 Gender 53 4.2.2 Age 54 4.2.3 Race 54 4.2.4 Religion 55 4.2.5 Educational Background 55 4.2.6 Types of Faculty 55 4.2.7 Family Status 56 4.2.8 Health Condition 56 4.2.9 Relationship Between Mindfulness Level and Demographic Factors 56 4.3 Level of Mindfulness Based on Individual 57 4.4 Level of Mindfulness Based on Faculty 58 4.4.1 Relationship Between Level of Mindfulness and Type of Faculty 58 4.5 Analysis of Hypotheses 59 4.5.1 First Hypothesis 59 4.5.2 Second Hypothesis 59 4.5.3 Third Hypothesis 59 4.6 Conclusion 60 5 Discussion, Implication, and Conclusion 61 Abstract 61 5.1 Introduction 61 5.2 Level of Mindfulness Among UTM Undergraduate Students 62 5.3 The Relationship Between Level of Mindfulness and Type of Faculty 63 5.4 The Relationship Between Level of Mindfulness and Demographic Factors 65 5.5 Implications 66 5.6 Recommendations 67 5.6.1 Recommendation for the Government Policies 68 5.6.2 Recommendation for the Work of Practitioners 68 5.6.3 Recommendation for Body of Knowledge and Theory Development 69 5.7 Limitation of the Study 69 5.8 Conclusion 69 References 70 Appendix 74 Front Matter....Pages i-xix Introduction....Pages 1-13 Literature Review....Pages 15-32 Methodology....Pages 33-39 Data Analysis....Pages 41-48 Discussion, Implication, and Conclusion....Pages 49-61 Back Matter....Pages 63-63