Mind and Time: Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives

Mind and time are elusive. No grand theory has yet emerged that would have provided a fundamental solution to the many puzzles and perplexities associated with the two terms. There is even no consensus on the use of the concepts “mind” and “time.” This situation is neither a semantic nor a theoretical disaster. Instead, it leads to the challenging interdisciplinary task of elaborating the connections between neuroscientific findings, psychometric approaches, and investigations in the disciplines of psychology, philosophy of science, epistemology, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind. The contributions in this volume explore in an interdisciplinary division of labor the semantic, systematic, and empirical constellations of mind and time. They dispense with grand theory and limit themselves to tracing those contours of mind and time accessible with their respective methods from which, in the end, a larger picture can emerge. With contributions by Marius Bartmann | André Beauducel | Ulrich Ettinger | Charlotte Gauvry | Bert Heinrichs | Michael Herzog | Christoph Horn | Kristof Keidel | Carsten Murawski | Dieter Sturma Cover Mind & Time: Interdisciplinary Division of Labor 1. Approaching Mind and Time 2. What is Time? 3. The Semantic and Methodical Challenges 4. Interdisciplinary Diversity and Division of Labor Mind Consciousness and Psychometric Modeling 1. Some Neurocognitive Results on Consciousness 2. Some Philosophical Views on Consciousness 3. Representing Consciousness in Psychometric Models 3.1. Measurement Error and Consciousness Lack of Agreement Between ›True Scores‹ of Different Measurements Response Bias 3.2 Indeterminacy of Scores and Indeterminacy of Consciousness 3.3. Advantages of Indeterminate Models and their Relationship to Models of Consciousness Example: Comparison of the (Indeterminate) Factor Model and the (Determinate) PCA 4. Conclusion Artificial Intelligence and Rational Discourse 1. Introduction 2. Defining Artificial Intelligence 3. Agents 4. Intelligence 5. Rationality as the Giving and Asking for Reasons 6. Who are ›we‹? The Temporal Microstructure of Conscious Perception 1. Introduction 2. The Many Components of the Problem Physical Time Neural Time Mental and Temporal Resolution 3. A Model 4. Discussion Time How to explain the experience of the passage of time? 1. Introduction 2. EPT as a Major Challenge for the Representational Theories of Consciousness 3. EPT as a Perceptual Illusion 4. EPT as a Cognitive Illusion 5. A Higher-order Account of EPT? 6. EPT as a Phenomenal Modifier 7. Conclusion Husserl’s Phenomenology of the Inner Time Consciousness: Achievements and Limits I. II. III. Wittgenstein on the Language of Time and the Solipsism of the Present 1. Introduction 2. In Search of an Epistemic Foundation 3. Wittgenstein on the Language of Time and the Language of Solipsism Mind & Time The Language of Time and Self-Consciousness 1. Naturalism and the Life of Persons 2. Self-Reference and Linguistic Behavior 3. The Peculiar Grammar of the Expression »I« 4. Indexicality and Non-Indexicality 5. The Language of Time 6. Time and Self-Consciousness in Action Temporal Cognition, Impulsivity and Intertemporal Choice 1. Introduction 2. Fundamentals of Intertemporal Choice 3. Time-related Experimental Effects 4. Intertemporal Choice, Temporal Processing and Impulsivity 5. Conclusions and Outlook Contributors