Military Textiles (woodhead Publishing Series In Textiles)

Textiles for military uniforms face a complex set of challenges. They must provide protection, durability and comfort in a wide range of hostile environments. Military textiles reviews the range of recent research on how military clothing can best meet soldiers' needs. The first part of the book reviews general requirements of military textiles, including damage resistance, comfort, sweat management, cold-weather conditions and the integration of high-tech materials into uniforms. Part II concentrates on the protective role of military textiles, covering such areas as high-performance ballistic fibres, textiles for chemical and biological protection, camouflage materials and military fabrics for flame protection. The book also reviews the use of non-woven fabrics and new coatings for military applications. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Military textiles will be a valuable reference for those researching and manufacturing military textiles, as well as those interested in the wider area of textiles for protection. Contents......Page 6 Contributor contact details......Page 12 Woodhead Publishing in Textiles......Page 16 Introduction......Page 22 Part I: General requirements for military textiles......Page 24 1.1 Introduction......Page 26 1.2 The current and future challenges faced by the soldier......Page 28 1.3 Dynamic complexity: The impact of the human......Page 32 1.4 Provision of capability and how to make trade-off decisions......Page 34 1.5 Summary......Page 37 1.6 References......Page 38 2.1 Introduction......Page 40 2.2 Protective materials, devices and end-use requirements......Page 46 2.3 Proper selection of fibers......Page 49 2.4 Variations of fiber forms......Page 52 2.5 Filament lay-up composites......Page 62 2.6 Historical uses of non-woven ballistic-resistant fabrics......Page 65 2.7 Methodologies for use of non-woven ballistic-resistant fabrics......Page 66 2.8 Future directions for non-woven fabric applications......Page 70 2.9 References......Page 71 3.1 Introduction: Material resistance, strength and failure......Page 73 3.2 Material strengths......Page 74 3.3 The peculiarities of textile mechanics......Page 77 3.4 Failure criteria for fabrics......Page 79 3.5 Other forms of failure for fabrics and garments......Page 85 3.6 Fabric and garment failure reduction......Page 88 3.7 References......Page 90 4.1 Introduction......Page 94 4.2 The sensory and perceptual properties of fabrics and clothing......Page 97 4.3 The comfort properties of fabrics and clothing......Page 99 4.4 Cognitive influences on fabrics and clothing......Page 104 4.5 Handfeel and comfort evaluations of military fabrics......Page 105 4.6 Cognitive influences on fabric and clothing perception......Page 117 4.7 The role of clothing comfort on military performance......Page 123 4.10 References......Page 126 5.1 Introduction......Page 130 5.2 The multiplicity of characterization methodologies of comfort......Page 131 5.4 The comfort trilobite: Tactile, thermal, and psychological......Page 134 5.5 Modeling the comfort phenomena: The ultimate challenge......Page 146 5.6 Comfort and protection in military clothing......Page 153 5.8 Future trends......Page 156 5.9 References......Page 158 5.10 Bibliography......Page 159 6.1 Introduction: Body/clothing/environment – the microclimate......Page 160 6.2 Heat, moisture and interactions within the microclimate......Page 163 6.3 Heat and moisture interactions in the microclimate......Page 169 6.4 Sweat management for military apparel applications......Page 172 6.5 Conclusions......Page 177 6.6 References......Page 178 7.1 Introduction......Page 181 7.3 Physiological responses to cold......Page 182 7.4 Clothing design principles......Page 185 7.5 Estimation of the clothing insulation required......Page 188 7.6 Evaluation system for textiles and garments......Page 190 7.7 Selection of clothing for cold weather......Page 192 7.8 Sources of further information and advice......Page 201 7.9 References......Page 202 8.1 Introduction......Page 206 8.2 Design process......Page 207 8.4 Physiological monitoring......Page 208 8.5 Thermal management......Page 209 8.6 Signature management......Page 214 8.7 Chemical and biological defense management......Page 217 8.9 Environmental defense......Page 219 8.10 Body armor......Page 220 8.11 Future trends......Page 221 8.12 Sources of further information and advice......Page 224 8.13 References......Page 225 Part II: Protection......Page 228 9.2 Classical high-performance fibers......Page 230 9.3 Rigid chain aromatic high-performance fibers......Page 231 9.4 High-temperature performance fibers......Page 232 9.5 High-performance thermoplastic fibers......Page 233 9.7 Requirements for high-performance fibers......Page 234 9.8 Aramid fibers......Page 236 9.9 Gel spinning of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (HMPE) fiber......Page 242 9.10 Poly(p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole) (PBO) fiber......Page 247 9.12 References......Page 250 10.2 Military usage of textiles......Page 252 10.3 Armor testing......Page 254 10.4 Ballistic limit (V50) testing......Page 258 10.6 Ballistic resistance testing......Page 260 10.7 Blunt trauma (back-face deformation) testing......Page 261 Appendix 10.2 Glossary......Page 263 11.1 Introduction......Page 265 11.2 Current chemical/biological (CB) protective clothing and individual equipment standards......Page 269 11.3 Different types of protective materials......Page 272 11.4 Proper protective material designs......Page 276 11.5 Clothing system designs......Page 279 11.6 Testing and evaluation of chemical/biological (CB) protective materials and clothing systems......Page 281 11.7 Future trends......Page 290 11.9 References......Page 291 Appendix 11.1 Chemical warfare agent characteristics......Page 294 Appendix 11.2 Selected biological agent characteristics......Page 297 Appendix 11.3 Protective gloves and shoes......Page 300 Appendix 11.4 Overgarment and other chemical protective clothing systems......Page 301 Appendix 11.5 Improved toxicological agent protective ensemble (ITAP), self-contained, toxic environment protective outfit (STEPO) and other selected civilian emergency response clothing systems......Page 302 Appendix 11.6 Selected toxic industrial chemicals (TICs)......Page 303 12.1 Introduction......Page 304 12.2 Self-decontaminating materials......Page 305 12.3 Applications......Page 307 12.4 Future trends......Page 313 12.7 References......Page 314 13.1 Introduction......Page 316 13.2 Methods for production of camouflage textiles......Page 318 13.3 Chromic materials......Page 319 13.4 Identification of chromophores......Page 323 13.5 Synthesis of new polymers......Page 324 13.7 Conductive/conjugated polymers......Page 328 13.8 Emissive polymers......Page 335 13.9 Surface attachment of chromophores to conducting polymers......Page 337 13.10 Processing of electrically conducting polymers......Page 338 13.11 Assembling of gold nanoparticles......Page 340 13.14 References......Page 341 14.2 Chemical agent resistant coatings......Page 342 14.3 Influence of environmental regulations......Page 344 14.5 Contribution of binders and pigments......Page 345 14.6 Functional garments for soldiers......Page 346 14.8 Acknowledgment......Page 347 14.10 Bibliography......Page 348 15.1 Introduction......Page 349 15.2 Types of fabrics and their performance......Page 350 15.3 Measuring flame and thermal performance......Page 354 15.4 Clothing system configurations and their performance......Page 355 15.5 Future trends......Page 363 15.6 References......Page 366 Index......Page 369 Textiles for military uniforms face a complex set of challenges. They must provide protection, durability and comfort in a wide range of hostile environments. Military textiles reviews the range of recent research on how military clothing can best meet soldiers’ needs.

The first part of the book reviews general requirements of military textiles, including damage resistance, comfort, sweat management, cold-weather conditions and the integration of high-tech materials into uniforms. Part II concentrates on the protective role of military textiles, covering such areas as high-performance ballistic fibres, textiles for chemical and biological protection, camouflage materials and military fabrics for flame protection. The book also reviews the use of non-woven fabrics and new coatings for military applications.

With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Military textiles is a valuable reference for those researching and manufacturing military textiles, as well as those interested in the wider area of textiles for protection.

• Reviews the range of recent research on how military clothing can best meet soldier’s needs
• Examines damage resistance, sweat management and comfort
• Discusses the protective role of military textiles

Textiles for military uniforms face a complex set of challenges. They must provide protection, durability and comfort in a wide range of hostile environments. Military textiles reviews the range of recent research on how military clothing can best meet soldiers' needs. The first part of the book reviews general requirements of military textiles, including damage resistance, comfort, sweat management, cold-weather conditions and the integration of high-tech materials into uniforms. Part II concentrates on the protective role of military textiles, covering such areas as high-performance ballistic fibres, textiles for chemical and biological protection, camouflage materials and military fabrics for flame protection. The book also reviews the use of non-woven fabrics and new coatings for military applications. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Military textiles is a valuable reference for those researching and manufacturing military textiles, as well as those interested in the wider area of textiles for protection. Reviews the range of recent research on how military clothing can best meet soldier's needs Examines damage resistance, sweat management and comfort Discusses the protective role of military textiles