Migraine and Other Primary Headaches, An Issue of Neurologic Clinics (Volume 27-2) (The Clinics: Internal Medicine, Volume 27-2)

This issue of Neurologic Clinics reviews migraine and other primary headaches, one of the most common disorders seen by neurologists and primary care physicians and which affect 90% of the population and are the cause of 90% of all headaches. World-class experts provide cutting-edge chapters on the following topics: the epidemiology, burden and comorbidities of migraine; pathophysiology of migraine; transient neurologic dysfunction in migraine; vestibular migraine; diagnostic testing for migraine and other primary headaches; acute treatment of migraine; preventive migraine treatment; chronic migraine; pediatric migraine; women and migraine; the migraine association with cardiac anomalies, cardiovascular disease and stroke; tension-type headache; trigeminal autonomic cephalgias; and other primary headaches. Cover......Page 1 Preface......Page 2 The epidemiology of migraine......Page 4 The Incidence of Migraine......Page 5 Prevalence of migraine in children......Page 6 The Burden of Migraine to the Individual......Page 8 Societal Impact of Migraine......Page 9 Psychiatric Disorders......Page 10 Comorbid pain......Page 11 Migraine and stroke......Page 12 Subclinical Brain Lesions......Page 13 References......Page 14 Migraine- explaining the clinical features......Page 18 Familial Hemiplegic Migraine......Page 19 Migraine aura......Page 20 Plasma Protein Extravasation......Page 21 Sensitization and migraine......Page 22 The Trigeminocervical Complex......Page 23 Glutamatergic transmission in the trigeminocervical complex......Page 24 Activation of modulatory regions......Page 25 The vascular hypothesis: a good story ruined by the facts......Page 26 Animal Experimental Studies of Sensory Modulation......Page 27 References......Page 29 General clinical features of migraine with aura......Page 44 Migraine visual aura......Page 46 Persistent migraine visual aura......Page 48 Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy......Page 50 Migraine and stroke......Page 51 Retinal migraine......Page 52 Visual field loss in migraine......Page 53 Pathophysiology of migraine aura......Page 54 Altered Cortical Function in Migraine with Aura......Page 55 Genetic Factors......Page 56 References......Page 57 Vestibular Migraine......Page 62 Demographic Aspects......Page 63 Clinical Presentation in Adults and Distinction from other Diagnoses......Page 64 Clinical and Neurotologic Findings in Patients who have Vestibular Migraine......Page 65 Pathophysiology......Page 67 Treatment......Page 68 Migraine and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo......Page 69 Migraine, Orthostatic Hypotension, and Syncope......Page 70 References......Page 71 Reasons for diagnostic testing......Page 75 CT versus MRI......Page 76 Neuroimaging During Pregnancy and Lactation......Page 78 Blood Tests......Page 79 Neuroimaging Studies in Adults......Page 80 Neuroimaging in Children......Page 82 American Academy of Neurology Practice Parameter......Page 83 Risk/Benefit and Cost/Benefit of Neuroimaging......Page 84 White Matter Abnormalities and Subclinical Infarcts......Page 85 Arteriovenous Malformations, Brainstem Vascular Malformations, and Migraine......Page 87 Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias......Page 88 New daily persistent headache......Page 89 References......Page 91 Outcome measures for acute treatment......Page 98 Strategies for selecting acute treatment......Page 99 Nonspecific acute migraine treatment......Page 100 Triptans......Page 101 Ergots......Page 105 References......Page 106 Preventive Migraine Treatment......Page 109 Principles of Preventive Therapy......Page 110 beta-Adrenergic Blockers......Page 112 Antidepressants......Page 113 Calcium Channel Antagonists......Page 114 Valproic Acid......Page 115 Topiramate......Page 116 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists......Page 117 Setting Treatment Priorities......Page 118 References......Page 120 Behavioral Medicine for Migraine......Page 124 Evidence on efficacy of behavioral interventions for migraine......Page 125 Biofeedback......Page 127 Relaxation training......Page 129 Cognitive behavioral therapy......Page 130 Patient education......Page 131 Migraine and psychologic comorbidities, health-related quality of life, and productivity......Page 132 Compliance and adherence......Page 133 Enhancing adherence and motivation......Page 134 Communication......Page 135 Summary......Page 137 References......Page 139 The Face of Chronic Migraine: Epidemiology, Demographics, and Treatment Strategies......Page 145 Chronic migraine defined......Page 146 Epidemiology of chronic migraine......Page 147 Amitriptyline......Page 149 Gabapentin......Page 150 Topiramate......Page 151 Botulinum Toxin Type A......Page 152 Greater occipital nerve blockade......Page 153 Occipital nerve stimulation......Page 154 References......Page 155 Epidemiology......Page 158 Migraine without aura......Page 159 Familial hemiplegic migraine......Page 161 Periodic syndromes of childhood that represent precursors of migraine......Page 163 Other unusual forms of migraine in childhood......Page 165 Management......Page 166 Prognosis......Page 173 Appendix......Page 174 References......Page 175 Menstrual migraine......Page 179 Treatment of Menstrual Migraine......Page 180 Oral contraceptive use......Page 182 Pregnancy and the postpartum period......Page 183 Summary......Page 184 References......Page 185 Patent Foramen Ovale......Page 188 Pulmonary Right-to-Left Shunt......Page 190 Atrial Septal Aneurysm......Page 191 Migraine and cardiovascular disease......Page 192 Migraine and stroke......Page 194 References......Page 195 Diagnosis......Page 199 Pathophysiology......Page 200 Treatment......Page 203 References......Page 206 Cluster headache......Page 210 Abortive therapy......Page 211 Oxygen......Page 212 Zolmitriptan......Page 213 Dihydroergotamine......Page 214 Preventive therapy......Page 215 Lithium carbonate......Page 216 Melatonin......Page 217 Surgical Techniques for Cluster Headache......Page 219 Radiofrequency thermocoagulation......Page 220 Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania......Page 221 Hemicrania Continua......Page 222 Indomethacin treatment......Page 223 Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing syndrome......Page 224 Treatment......Page 225 References......Page 226 Primary stabbing headache......Page 230 Primary cough headache......Page 231 Primary exertional headache......Page 235 Hypnic headache......Page 237 Primary thunderclap headache......Page 239 New daily persistent headache......Page 240 References......Page 242 The epidemiology, burden, and comorbidities of migraine / Marcelo E. Bigal and Richard B. Lipton Pathophysiology of migraine / Peter J. Goadsby Transient neurologic dysfunction in migraine / Rod Foroozan and F. Michael Cutrer Vestibular migraine / Hannelore Neuhauser and Thomas Lempert Diagnostic testing for migraine and other primary headaches / Randolph W. Evans Acute treatment of migraine / Stewart J. Tepper and Roderick C. Spears Preventive migraine treatment / Stephen D. Silberstein Behavioral medicine for migraine / Dawn C. Buse and Frank Andrasik The face of chronic migraine : epidemiology, demographics, and treatment strategies / Bert B. Vargas and David W. Dodick Pediatric migraine / Donald W. Lewis Migraine in women / Christine L. Lay and Susan W. Broner The migraine association with cardiac anomalies, cardiovascular disease, and stroke / Todd J. Schwedt Tension-type headache / Lars Bendtsen and Rigmor Jensen Trigeminal autonomic cephalagias / Todd D. Rozen Other primary headaches / Julio Pascual.