Microwave and RF Circuits: Analysis, Synthesis, and Design (Artech House Antennas and Propagation Library)

Provides coverage of the most efficient and effective methods of network analysis optimization and synthesis. A step-by-step guide to every aspect of the RF and microwave circuit design process - starting with a set of specifications and ending with hardware that performs as modeled the first time. Preface Chapter 1 Network Characterization 1.1 NETWORK REPRESENTATIONS 1.1.1 Z-Parameter Representation 1.1.2 Y-Parameter Representation 1.1.3 H-Parameter Representation 1.1.4 G-Parameter Representation 1.1.5 ABCD-Parameter Representation 1.1.6 Parameter Conversions 1.2 NETWORK CONNECTIONS 1.2.1 The Cascade Connection 1.2.2 The Parallel Connection 1.2.3 The Series Connection 1.2.4 The Series-Parallel Connection 1.2.5 The Parallel-Series Connection 1.3 S-PARAMETERS 1.3.1 S-Parameter Conversions 1.3.2 Generalized S-Parameters 1.3.3 Signal Flow Graphs 1.3.4 The S-Parameter Cascade Connection 1.3.5 S-Parameter Parallel and Series Connections [18] 1.3.6 Indefinite S-Parameters 1.3.7 N-Port Networks With N-Terminals REFERENCES Chapter 2 Network Analysis 2.1 CIRCUIT ELEMENTS 2.1.1 Series and Shunt Impedance 2.1.2 Transmission Lines 2.1.3 The Ideal Transformer 2.1.4 Voltage and Current Sources 2.2 NETWORK ANALYSIS 2.2.1 S-Parameter Analysis Using the Connection Matrix 2.2.2 S-Parameter Analysis Using Explicit Expressions 2.2.3 Nodal Analysis 2.3 NETWORK CHARACTERIZATION 2.3.1 Active and Passive Networks 2.3.2 Stability 2.3.3 Conjugately Matched Two-Ports 2.3.4 Transducer Power Gain 2.3.5 Maximum Available Gain 2.3.6 Available Power Gain 2.3.7 Operating Power Gain 2.3.8 Constant Gain Contours 2.3.9 Mismatch Loss 2.3.10 Voltage Gain 2.3.11 Noise Figure 2.3.12 Power Amplifiers 2.4 ACTIVE DEVICE CONVERSIONS REFERENCES Chapter 3 Mapping and Optimization 3.1 MAPPING 3.1.1 Mapping Theory and the Bilinear Transform 3.1.2 The Smith Chart 3.1.3 Impedance Matching Using the Smith Chart 3.1.4 Source and Load Mappings 3.1.5 Multiport Mappings 3.2 MAPPING APPLICATIONS 3.2.1 Feedback Amplifier Mapping 3.2.2 Active Isolator 3.2.3 Reflection Amplifier 3.3 OPTIMIZATION 3.3.1 Error Functions 3.3.2 Optimization Specifications 3.3.3 Direct Search Optimization Methods 3.3.4 Indirect Search Optimization Methods 3.3.5 Optimization Strategy REFERENCES Chapter 4 Modern Network Synthesis 4.1 INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK SYNTHESIS 4.2 ELEMENT EXTRACTION 4.3 THE APPROXIMATION PROBLEM 4.4 LOW-PASS FILTER SYNTHESIS 4.4.1 The Butterworth or Maximally Flat Low-Pass Filter 4.4.2 The Chebyshev or Equal-Ripple Low-Pass Filter 4.4.3 The Inverse Chebyshev Low-Pass Filter 4.4.4 The Elliptic Low-Pass Filter 4.4.5 Phase Approximation 4.5 FREQUENCY AND IMPEDANCE SCALING 4.6 BANDPASS FILTER SYNTHESIS 4.6.1 Low-Pass to Bandpass Transformation 4.6.2 Bandpass Approximation 4.7 HIGH-PASS FILTER SYNTHESIS 4.8 BANDSTOP FILTER SYNTHESIS 4.9 TERMINATION ADJUSTMENT 4.9.1 Network Transformations 4.9.2 Transformer Networks 4.10 SINGLY TERMINATED NETWORKS 4.11 CONCLUSION REFERENCES Chapter 5 Distributed Network Synthesis 5.1 DISTRIBUTED EQUIVALENCE 5.1.1 The Transmission Line Element 5.1.2 The Double-Length TLE 5.2 DISTRIBUTED NETWORK TRANSFORMATIONS 5.3 DISTRIBUTED APPROXIMATIONS 5.3.1 Cascaded Transmission Line Networks 5.3.2 Networks With TLEs and Low-Pass Stubs 5.3.3 Networks With TLEs and High-Pass Stubs 5.3.4 Bandpass and Bandstop Approximations 5.4 IMPEDANCE-TRANSFORMING NETWORKS 5.4.1 High-Pass Elements 5.4.2 Low-Pass Elements 5.4.3 Transmission Line Elements 5.5 CONCLUSION REFERENCES Chapter 6 Impedance Matching and Modeling 6.1 SYNTHESIS OF IMPEDANCE-MATCHING NETWORKS 6.1.1 Lumped-Element GBW Limitations 6.1.2 Ideal GBW Limitations 6.1.3 Distributed-Element GBW Limitations 6.2 LOAD MODELING 6.2.1 Distributed Models 6.2.2 Complex Load Models 6.2.3 Negative-Image Models 6.3 DOUBLY TERMINATED MATCHING NETWORKS 6.4 SLOPED APPROXIMATIONS 6.5 THE REAL FREQUENCY MATCHING TECHNIQUE 6.5.1 Impedance From Resistance or Reactance Functions 6.5.2 Computing Reactance From Discrete Resistance Functions 484 6.5.3 Impedance-Matching Using Resistance Functions 6.6 SUMMARY REFERENCES Chapter 7 Practical Appplications 7.1 DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS 7.2 BALANCED AMPLIFIERS 7.2.1 A 4.0- to 8.0-GHz Balanced Amplifier 7.3 MICROSTRIP DESIGN 7.3.1 Microstrip Couplers 7.3.2 Microstrip Discontinuities 7.3.3 A Microstrip Balanced Amplifier 7.4 MMIC DESIGN 7.4.1 Feedback Amplifiers 7.4.2 Resistive Compensated Amplifiers 7.4.3 MMIC Resistive Compensated Amplifier 7.5 SUMMARY REFERENCES Index Chapter 1 provides a summary of network characterization techniques, which, for the most part, will be familiar to the reader.