Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Resource Kit: Windows PowerShell scripting guide

Cover......Page 1 Copyright Page......Page 3 Dedication......Page 4 Contents at a Glance......Page 6 Table of Contents......Page 8 Acknowledgments......Page 18 Is This Book for Me?......Page 20 About the Companion CD......Page 21 Technical Support......Page 22 Verifying Installation with VBScript......Page 24 Deploying Windows PowerShell......Page 25 Interacting with the Shell......Page 26 Introducing Cmdlets......Page 28 Configuring Windows PowerShell Startup Options......Page 29 Controlling the Execution of Cmdlets......Page 30 Confirming Commands......Page 32 Suspending Confirmation of Cmdlets......Page 33 Supplying Options for Cmdlets......Page 34 Working with Get-Help......Page 35 Working with Aliases to Assign Shortcut Names to Cmdlets......Page 38 Additional Uses of Cmdlets......Page 39 Formatting Output......Page 40 Using the Get-Command Cmdlet......Page 47 Exploring with the Get-Member Cmdlet......Page 50 Summary......Page 54 Why Use Scripting?......Page 56 Configuring the Scripting Policy......Page 59 Use of Variables......Page 62 Use of Constants......Page 63 Using Flow Control Statements......Page 64 Using the Begin Parameter......Page 65 Using the For Statement......Page 66 Using Decision-Making Statements......Page 67 Using If … Elseif … Else......Page 68 Using Switch......Page 69 Working with Data Types......Page 72 Unleashing the Power of Regular Expressions......Page 76 Using Command-Line Arguments......Page 79 Summary......Page 81 Identifying the Event Logs......Page 82 Reading the Event Logs......Page 83 Exporting to Text......Page 84 Export to XML......Page 85 Perusing General Log Files......Page 87 Examining Multiple Logs......Page 88 Retrieving a Single Event Log Entry......Page 89 Searching the Event Log......Page 91 Selecting the Source......Page 92 Selecting the Message......Page 93 Modifying the Event Log Settings......Page 94 Examining WMI Event Logs......Page 98 Using the Windows Event Command-Line Utility......Page 99 Creating a Source......Page 100 Putting Cmdlet Output into the Log......Page 101 Creating Your Own Event Logs......Page 102 Summary......Page 103 Documenting the Existing Services......Page 104 Working with Running Services......Page 105 Writing to a Text File......Page 106 Writing to a Database......Page 108 Setting the Service Configuration......Page 117 Stopping Services......Page 120 Performing a Graceful Stop......Page 122 Starting Services......Page 124 Performing a Graceful Start......Page 125 Desired Configuration Maintenance......Page 130 Verifying Desired Services Are Stopped......Page 131 Reading a File to Check Service Status......Page 132 Confirming the Configuration......Page 133 Producing an Exception Report......Page 134 Summary......Page 136 Documenting Shares......Page 138 Documenting User Shares......Page 145 Writing Shares to Text......Page 148 Writing Share Information to a Microsoft Access Database......Page 149 Auditing Shares......Page 153 Modifying Shares......Page 156 Using Parameters with the Script......Page 157 Translating the Return Code......Page 158 Creating New Shares......Page 160 Creating Multiple Shares......Page 164 Deleting Shares......Page 166 Deleting Only Unauthorized Shares......Page 168 Summary......Page 169 Inventorying Printers......Page 170 Querying Multiple Computers......Page 171 Logging to a File......Page 173 Writing to a Microsoft Access Database......Page 175 Reporting on Printer Ports......Page 180 Identifying Printer Drivers......Page 186 Installing Printer Drivers Found on Your Computer......Page 188 Installing Printer Drivers Not Found on Your Computer......Page 190 Summary......Page 192 Inventorying Drives......Page 194 Writing Disk Drive Information to Microsoft Access......Page 198 Working with Partitions......Page 202 Matching Disks and Partitions......Page 204 Working with Logical Disks......Page 207 Monitoring Disk Space Utilization......Page 211 Logging Disk Space to a Database......Page 215 Monitoring File Longevity......Page 219 Monitoring Performance......Page 222 Using Performance Counter Classes......Page 223 Summary......Page 227 Reporting Networking Settings......Page 230 Working with Adapter Configuration......Page 235 Filtering Only Properties that Have a Value......Page 241 Detecting Multiple Network Adapters......Page 246 Writing Network Adapter Information to a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet......Page 247 Identifying Connected Network Adapters......Page 251 Setting Static IP Address......Page 253 Enabling DHCP......Page 258 Configuring the Windows Firewall......Page 262 Reporting Firewall Settings......Page 263 Configuring Firewall Settings......Page 264 Summary......Page 266 Setting Screen Savers......Page 268 Auditing Screen Savers......Page 269 Listing Only Properties with Values......Page 275 Reporting Secure Screen Savers......Page 279 Managing Desktop Power Settings......Page 286 Changing the Power Scheme......Page 292 Summary......Page 298 Setting the Time......Page 300 Setting the Time Remotely......Page 301 Logging Results to the Event Log......Page 306 Configuring the Time Source......Page 312 Using the Net Time Command......Page 313 Querying the Registry for the Time Source......Page 315 Enabling User Accounts......Page 320 Creating a Local User......Page 326 Creating a Local User Group......Page 329 Configuring the Screen Saver......Page 332 Renaming the Computer......Page 339 Shutting Down or Rebooting a Remote Computer......Page 342 Summary......Page 346 Working with Backups......Page 348 Configuring Offline Files......Page 351 Enabling the Use of Offline Files......Page 354 Retrieving System Restore Settings......Page 363 Listing Available System Restore Points......Page 367 Summary......Page 370 Examining the Boot Configuration......Page 372 Examining Startup Services......Page 375 Displaying Service Dependencies......Page 378 Examining Startup Device Drivers......Page 383 Investigating Startup Processes......Page 388 Investigating Hardware Issues......Page 391 Troubleshooting Network Issues......Page 396 Summary......Page 400 Creating Organizational Units......Page 402 Creating Domain Users......Page 405 Modifying User Attributes......Page 408 Modifying General User Information......Page 409 Modifying the Address Tab......Page 410 Modifying the Profile Tab......Page 411 Modifying the Organization Tab......Page 412 Modifying a Single User Attribute......Page 413 Creating Users from a .csv File......Page 416 Enabling the User Account......Page 417 Creating Domain Groups......Page 418 Adding a User to a Domain Group......Page 421 Adding Multiple Users with Multiple Attributes......Page 423 Summary......Page 427 Examining the Clustered Server......Page 428 Reporting Cluster Configuration......Page 434 Reporting Node Configuration......Page 439 Querying Multiple Cluster Classes......Page 443 Adding and Evicting Nodes......Page 454 Removing the Cluster......Page 460 Summary......Page 465 Enabling Internet Information Services Management......Page 466 Reporting Site Information......Page 468 Reporting on Application Pools......Page 470 Reporting on Application Pool Default Values......Page 474 Reporting Site Limits......Page 477 Listing Virtual Directories......Page 480 Creating a New Web Site......Page 482 Creating a New Application Pool......Page 487 Starting and Stopping Web Sites......Page 490 Summary......Page 494 Locating Certificates in the Certificate Store......Page 496 Listing Certificates......Page 502 Locating Expired Certificates......Page 506 Identifying Certificates about to Expire......Page 511 Inspecting a Certificate......Page 515 Importing a Certificate......Page 520 Deleting a Certificate......Page 524 Summary......Page 530 Documenting Terminal Service Configuration......Page 532 Disabling Logons......Page 536 Modifying Client Properties......Page 540 Managing Users......Page 544 Enabling Users to Access the Server......Page 547 Configuring Client Settings......Page 550 Summary......Page 562 Reporting DNS Settings......Page 564 Configuring DNS Logging Settings......Page 571 Reporting Root Hints......Page 579 Querying “ A” Records......Page 580 Configuring DNS Server Settings......Page 585 Reporting DNS Zones......Page 591 Creating DNS Zones......Page 594 Managing WINS and DHCP......Page 599 Summary......Page 604 Initial Configuration......Page 606 Joining the Domain......Page 607 Setting the IP Address......Page 615 Configuring the DNS Settings......Page 620 Renaming the Server......Page 628 Monitoring the Server......Page 634 Querying Event Logs......Page 637 Summary......Page 640 Appendix A: Cmdlet Naming Conventions......Page 642 Appendix B: ActiveX Data Object Provider Names......Page 644 Appendix C: Frequently Asked Questions......Page 646 Include Functions in the Script that Calls the Function......Page 654 Use Full Cmdlet Names and Full Parameter Names......Page 655 General Script Readability......Page 656 Formatting Your Code......Page 657 Working with Functions......Page 658 Writing Functions......Page 660 Creating and Naming Variables and Constants......Page 661 Appendix E: General Troubleshooting Tips......Page 662 Index......Page 666 About the Author......Page 688 Get practical guidance for using Windows PowerShell to manage Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. Written by Ed Wilson, a leading scripting expert and trainer at Microsoft, this reference offers a task-based approach to help you find the information you need for day-to-day tasks. With more than 200 scripts, it offers rich examples that administrators can customize for their own environment and needs. The scripts range in complexity from one-line commands, to full-blown scripts with managed output and command-line arguments—examples that are applicable to all skill levels. Includes a companion CD with fully searchable eBook, sample scripts, and other resources for managing your Windows-based environment. A Note Regarding the CD or DVD The print version of this book ships with a CD or DVD. For those customers purchasing one of the digital formats in which this book is available, we are pleased to offer the CD/DVD content as a free download via O'Reilly Media's Digital Distribution services. To download this content, please visit O'Reilly's web site, search for the title of this book to find its catalog page, and click on the link below the cover image (Examples, Companion Content, or Practice Files). Note that while we provide as much of the media content as we are able via free download, we are sometimes limited by licensing restrictions. Please direct any questions or concerns to booktech@oreilly.com. Get practical guidance for using Windows PowerShell to manage Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. Written by Ed Wilson, a leading scripting expert and trainer at Microsoft, this reference offers a task-based approach to help you find the information you need for day-to-day tasks. With more than 200 scripts, it offers rich examples that administrators can customize for their own environment and needs. The scripts range in complexity from one-line commands, to full-blown scripts with managed output and command-line arguments examples that are applicable to all skill levels. Includes a companion CD with fully searchable eBook, sample scripts, and other resources for managing your Windows-based environment.Key Book BenefitsDelivers more than 200 scripts administrators can customize and use to get up and running quicklyProvides multiple ways of accomplishing tasks: from one-line commands to full-blown scripts with managed output and command-line argumentsFeatures a task-oriented approach, and organized to help you quickly find the information you need for your day-to-day activitiesIncludes a companion CD with a fully searchable eBook, sample scripts, and other resources for on-the-job results