microRNA: Basic Science: From Molecular Biology to Clinical Practice (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Book 887)

This volume explores microRNA pathophysiology, focusing on basic concepts in molecular and cellular biology. Chapters contributed by leading scientists examine recently discovered pathways in several processes, including aging, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hematopoiesis, and mitochondrial fitness. The authors contextualize microRNAs within epigenetics and micropeptidomics, angiongenesis and atherosclerosis, endometrial pathophysiology, and more. Throughout, numerous color photographs, diagrams of molecular pathways, and tables enhance the text. __microRNA: Basic Science__ is an ideal companion to both __microRNA: Medical Evidence__and __microRNA: Cancer__. Taken together, these three books provide a state-of-the-art overview of this rapidly-expanding and fascinating field, from the molecular level to clinical practice. It will be invaluable to medical students, physicians, and researchers, as a complete and unique guide in the exploration of microRNA in basic science, cancer and clinical practice. Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: A Fleeting Glimpse Inside microRNA, Epigenetics, and Micropeptidomics -- Introduction -- Biogenesis -- Walking through an Apparently Complicated Nomenclature: miR, miR, miR-Xa, miR* -- Epigenetics and miRs: An Intricate Affair -- The Emerging Functional Role of Micropeptidomics -- References -- Chapter 2: The microRNA Machinery -- Introduction -- DROSHA, DGCR8 -- XPO5 -- DICER1 -- AGO2, RISC -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: microRNAs in Mitochondria: An Unexplored Niche -- Introduction -- miRNA Biogenesis and Mechanism(s) of Action -- Mitochondria-Localized miRNAs and Their Biological Role -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: microRNAs Distinctively Regulate Vascular Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells: Functional Implications in Angiogenesis, Atherosclerosis, and In-Stent Restenosis -- Introduction -- Coding or Noncoding: Whether "Tis Nobler in the Mind to Suffer..." -- Fine Tuning of Vascular Biology via MicroRNA -- miR-143/145 vs. miR-126, Master Regulators of VSMC and EC Function -- miR-143/145 -- miR-126 -- The Phenotypic Switch of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: A Key Event in Atherosclerosis and Restenosis -- Mechanistic Importance of Endothelium in Restenosis and in Vascular Remodeling -- Angioplasty, Stents, and miRs -- Milestones in Interventional Cardiology -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Mechanistic Role of MicroRNAs in Coupling Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis -- Introduction -- Lipid Metabolism in the Nutshell -- MicroRNAs Involvement in Lipid Metabolism -- miR-33a/b: In the Center of Metabolic Pathways -- Expression of miR-33a/b -- miR-33a/b in Cholesterol Metabolism and Atherosclerosis -- miR-33a/b in Fatty Acids Metabolism -- miR-33 in Glucose and Energy Metabolism -- miR-122: Liver-Specific miR with Pleiotropic Effect on Hepatic Functions A Fleeting Glimpse Inside Microrna, Epigenetics, And Micropeptidomics -- Gaetano Santulli -- The Microrna Machinery -- Thomas C. Roberts -- Micrornas In Mitochondria: An Unexplored Niche -- Pedro M. Borralho, Cecília M. P. Rodrigues, Clifford J. Steer -- Micrornas Distinctively Regulate Vascular Smooth Muscle And Endothelial Cells: Functional Implications In Angiogenesis, Atherosclerosis, And In-stent Restenosis -- Gaetano Santulli -- Mechanistic Role Of Micrornas In Coupling Lipid Metabolism And Atherosclerosis -- Jan Novák, Veronika Olejníčková, Nikola Tkáčová, Gaetano Santulli -- Micrornas In Pancreatic [beta]-cell Physiology -- Sabire Özcan -- Microrna And Cardiac Regeneration. Massimiliano Gnecchi, Federica Pisano, Riccardo Bariani -- Micrornas And Endometrial Pathophysiology -- Henry H. Chill, Uri P. Dior, Liron Kogan, Ariel Revel -- Microrna And Nf-kappa B -- Ye Yuan, Lingying Tong, Shiyong Wu -- Micrornas: Key Players In Hematopoiesis -- Sanjeev Raghuwanshi [and Others] -- Regulatory Roles Of Mirnas In Aging -- Xurde M. Caravia, Carlos López-otín -- Computational Prediction Of Microrna Targets -- Alessandro Laganà. Gaetano Santulli, Editor. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. This volume explores microRNA pathophysiology, focusing on basic concepts in molecular and cellular biology. Chapters contributed by leading scientists examine recently discovered pathways in several processes, including aging, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hematopoiesis, and mitochondrial fitness. The authors contextualize microRNAs within epigenetics and micropeptidomics, angiongenesis and atherosclerosis, endometrial pathophysiology, and more. Throughout, numerous color photographs, diagrams of molecular pathways, and tables enhance the text. microRNA: Basic Science is an ideal companion to both microRNA: Medical Evidence and microRNA: Cancer . Taken together, these three books provide a state-of-the-art overview of this rapidly-expanding and fascinating field, from the molecular level to clinical practice. It will be invaluable to medical students, physicians, and researchers, as a complete and unique guide in the exploration of microRNA in basic science, cancer and clinical practice. Front Matter....Pages i-xiii A Fleeting Glimpse Inside microRNA, Epigenetics, and Micropeptidomics....Pages 1-14 The microRNA Machinery....Pages 15-30 microRNAs in Mitochondria: An Unexplored Niche....Pages 31-51 microRNAs Distinctively Regulate Vascular Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells: Functional Implications in Angiogenesis, Atherosclerosis, and In-Stent Restenosis....Pages 53-77 Mechanistic Role of MicroRNAs in Coupling Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis....Pages 79-100 microRNAs in Pancreatic β-Cell Physiology....Pages 101-117 microRNA and Cardiac Regeneration....Pages 119-141 microRNAs and Endometrial Pathophysiology....Pages 143-155 microRNA and NF-kappa B....Pages 157-170 microRNAs: Key Players in Hematopoiesis....Pages 171-211 Regulatory Roles of miRNAs in Aging....Pages 213-230 Computational Prediction of microRNA Targets....Pages 231-252 Back Matter....Pages 253-257