Microplastics Pollution and Worldwide Policies on Plastic Use (Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering)

Microplastics Pollution and Worldwide Policies on Plastic Use discusses microplastic pollution and global policies developed to tackle the problem. It details the mechanisms of microplastics occurrence, sources, and impacts. It then offers a comprehensive overview of the various policies created by specific countries in Asia, Europe, the Americas, and Africa to address plastics use and minimize its effects. Describes microplastics pollution found worldwide in drinking water and food chains. Addresses policies implemented in Asia, Europe, the Americas, and Africa and details local policies for various countries within each region, including requirements and penalties for non-compliance. Explains the mission and vision of global organizations such as the United Nations, G7, World Economic Forum, World Bank, and Lisbon Treaty. This book is aimed at academics, industrial professionals, policy makers, and general readers interested in the mitigation of microplastic pollution. Cover Half Title Series Title Copyright Dedication Contents Preface Authors Chapter 1 Microplastics Pollution: Serious Issues 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Origin of Microplastics: Primary and Secondary Microplastics 1.2.1 Sources of Microplastics in Drinking Water 1.2.2 Mixed Source of Microplastics 1.2.3 Microplastics as Vector of Pollutants 1.2.4 Trophic Transfer of Microplastic along Aquatic Food Chains 1.3 Microplastics as Carriers of Pollutants 1.3.1 Microplastics and Non-Additive, Hydrophobic Compounds 1.3.2 Microplastics and Heavy Metals 1.3.3 Microplastics and Plastic Additives 1.4 Detection of Microplastics in Drinking Water Sources 1.4.1 Detection of Microplastics in Bottled Water 1.4.2 Detection of Microplastics in Tap Water 1.4.3 Detection of Microplastics in Groundwater 1.4.4 Detection of Microplastics in Surface Water 1.4.5 Detection of Microplastics in Wastewater 1.4.6 Comparison of the Detection of Microplastics 1.5 Impacts of Microplastics on Aquatic Organisms and Humans 1.5.1 Impacts of Microplastics on Aquatic Organisms 1.5.2 Impacts of Microplastics on Humans 1.6 Conclusions References Chapter 2 Policies on Plastic Use in Asian Countries 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Japan 2.2.1 Progress in Japan 2.3 India 2.3.1 Progress in India 2.4 China 2.4.1 Progress in China 2.5 Malaysia 2.5.1 Progress in Malaysia 2.6 Singapore 2.6.1 Progress in Singapore 2.7 Thailand 2.7.1 Progress in Thailand 2.8 South Korea 2.8.1 Progress in South Korea 2.9 Indonesia 2.9.1 Progress in Indonesia 2.10 Taiwan 2.10.1 Progress in Taiwan 2.11 Australia 2.12 New Zealand 2.13 Gulf Countries and Region 2.14 Conclusion References Chapter 3 Policies of Plastic Use in European Countries 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Austria 3.3 Belgium 3.4 United Kingdom 3.5 Bulgaria 3.6 Croatia 3.7 France 3.8 Germany 3.9 Hungary 3.10 Luxembourg 3.11 The Netherlands 3.12 Poland 3.13 Portugal 3.14 Romania 3.15 Slovakia 3.16 Slovenia 3.17 Spain 3.18 Switzerland 3.19 The Czech Republic 3.20 Denmark 3.21 Estonia 3.22 Finland 3.23 Greece 3.24 Italy 3.25 Latvia 3.26 Lithuania 3.27 Malta 3.28 Conclusion References Chapter 4 Policies of Plastic Use in American Countries 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Policies in North America 4.2.1 Antigua and Barbuda 4.2.2 Bahamas 4.2.3 Canada 4.2.4 California 4.2.5 Hawaii 4.2.6 Jamaica 4.2.7 Chicago 4.2.8 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4.3 South America 4.3.1 Argentina 4.3.2 Brazil 4.3.3 Chile 4.3.4 Colombia 4.3.5 Peru 4.3.6 Uruguay 4.4 Central America 4.4.1 Belize 4.4.2 Costa Rica 4.4.3 Guatemala 4.4.4 Honduras 4.4.5 Panama References Chapter 5 Policies of Plastic Use in African Countries 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Southern Africa 5.2.1 Case Study on Mauritius 5.2.2 Case Study on Tanzania 5.2.3 Case Study on Botswana 5.3 Western Africa 5.4 Eastern Africa 5.4.1 Case Study on Rwanda 5.4.2 Case Study on Kenya 5.5 Central Africa 5.6 Northern Africa 5.7 Challenges and Suggestions 5.8 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Chapter 6 World Organization Plastic Initiatives and Plastic Leakage Prevention 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The United Nations Basel Convention’s Global Plastic Waste Partnership 6.2.1 The Plastic Waste Amendments 6.2.2 Plastic Waste Partnership 6.3 World Bank 6.3.1 International Finance Corporation: Blue Finance 6.4 World Economic Forum 6.5 Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) 6.6 United Nations Environmental Programme 6.7 Bioplastics and Biodegradable Plastics 6.8 Conclusion References Index