میکروبیولوژی: مقدمه

This #1 selling non-majors microbiology textbook is praised for its straightforward presentation of complex topics, careful balance of concepts and applications, and proven art that teaches. In its Tenth Edition, Tortora/Funke/Case responds to the #1 challenge of the microbiology course: teaching a wide range of student levels, while still addressing student under-preparedness. The Tenth Edition meets students at their respective skill levels. First, the book signals core microbiology content to students with the new and highly visual Foundation Figures that students need to understand before moving forward in a chapter. Second, the book gives students frequent opportunities for self-assessment with the new Check Your Understanding questions that correspond by number to the chapter Learning Objectives. Then, a new "visual learning" orientation includes: an increased number of the popular Diseases in Focus boxes, newly illustrated end-of-chapter Study Outlines that provide students with visual cues to remind them of chapter content, and new end-of-chapter Draw It questions. The all-new art program is contemporary without compromising Tortora/Funke/Case's hallmark reputation for precision and clarity. Content revisions include substantially revised immunity chapters and an increased emphasis on antimicrobial resistance, bioterrorism, and biofilms. The new Get Ready for Microbiology workbook and online practice and assessment materials help students prepare for the course. Cover Title Page Copyright Page Make the Connection Between Lecture, Lab, and the Real World Arrive prepared for lecture and lab Unparalleled Online Resources for Additional Student Practice and Assessment The Best Support for Instructors and Students ABOUT THE AUTHORS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Contents PART ONE: Fundamentals of Microbiology 1 The Microbial World and You Microbes in Our Lives Naming and Classifying Microorganisms A Brief History of Microbiology Microbes and Human Welfare Microbes and Human Disease Study Outline Study Questions 2 Chemical Principles The Structure of Atoms How Atoms Form Molecules: Chemical Bonds Chemical Reactions IMPORTANT BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES Inorganic Compounds Organic Compounds Study Outline Study Questions 3 Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope Units of Measurement Microscopy: The Instruments Preparation of Specimens for Light Microscopy Study Outline Study Questions 4 Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: An Overview THE PROKARYOTIC CELL The Size, Shape, and Arrangement of Bacterial Cells Structures External to the Cell Wall The Cell Wall Structures Internal to the Cell Wall THE EUKARYOTIC CELL Flagella and Cilia The Cell Wall and Glycocalyx The Plasma (Cytoplasmic) Membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes Organelles The Evolution of Eukaryotes Study Outline Study Questions 5 Microbial Metabolism Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions Enzymes Energy Production Carbohydrate Catabolism Lipid and Protein Catabolism Biochemical Tests and Bacterial Identification Photosynthesis A Summary of Energy Production Mechanisms Metabolic Diversity among Organisms Metabolic Pathways of Energy Use The Integration of Metabolism Study Outline Study Questions 6 Microbial Growth The Requirements for Growth Biofilms Culture Media Obtaining Pure Cultures Preserving Bacterial Cultures The Growth of Bacterial Cultures Study Outline Study Questions 7 The Control of Microbial Growth The Terminology of Microbial Control The Rate of Microbial Death Actions of Microbial Control Agents Physical Methods of Microbial Control Chemical Methods of Microbial Control Microbial Characteristics and Microbial Control Study Outline Study Questions 8 Microbial Genetics Structure and Function of the Genetic Material The Regulation of Bacterial Gene Expression Mutation: Change in the Genetic Material Genetic Transfer and Recombination Genes and Evolution Study Outline Study Questions 9 Biotechnology and DNA Technology Introduction to Biotechnology Tools of Biotechnology Techniques of Genetic Modification Applications of DNA Technology Safety Issues and the Ethics of Using DNA Technology Study Outline Study Questions PART TWO: A Survey of the Microbial World 10 Classification of Microorganisms The Study of Phylogenetic Relationships Classification of Organisms Methods of Classifying and Identifying Microorganisms Study Outline Study Questions 11 The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea The Prokaryotic Groups DOMAIN BACTERIA The Proteobacteria The Gram-Positive Bacteria The Nonproteobacteria Gram-Negative Bacteria Fusobacteria DOMAIN ARCHAEA Diversity within the Archaea MICROBIAL DIVERSITY Discoveries Illustrating the Range of Diversity Study Outline Study Questions 12 The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths Fungi Lichens Algae Protozoa Slime Molds Helminths Arthropods as Vectors Study Outline Study Questions 13 Viruses, Viroids, and Prions General Characteristics of Viruses Viral Structure Taxonomy of Viruses Isolation, Cultivation, and Identification of Viruses Viral Multiplication Viruses and Cancer Latent Viral Infections Persistent Viral Infections Prions Plant Viruses and Viroids Study Outline Study Questions PART THREE: Interaction between Microbe and Host 14 Principles of Disease and Epidemiology Pathology, Infection, and Disease Normal Microbiota The Etiology of Infectious Diseases Classifying Infectious Diseases Patterns of Disease The Spread of Infection Nosocomial (Hospital-Acquired) Infections Emerging Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Study Outline Study Questions 15 Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity How Microorganisms Enter a Host How Bacterial Pathogens Penetrate Host Defenses How Bacterial Pathogens Damage Host Cells Pathogenic Properties of Viruses Pathogenic Properties of Fungi, Protozoa, Helminths, and Algae Portals of Exit Study Outline Study Questions 16 Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host The Concept of Immunity FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE: SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES Physical Factors Chemical Factors Normal Microbiota and Innate Immunity SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE Formed Elements in Blood The Lymphatic System Phagocytes Inflammation Fever Antimicrobial Substances Study Outline Study Questions 17 Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host The Adaptive Immune System Dual Nature of the Adaptive Immune System Antigens and Antibodies B Cells and Humoral Immunity Antigen–Antibody Binding and Its Results T Cells and Cellular Immunity Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs) Extracellular Killing by the Immune System Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Cytokines: Chemical Messengers of Immune Cells Immunological Memory Types of Adaptive Immunity Study Outline Study Questions 18 Practical Applications of Immunology Vaccines Diagnostic Immunology Study Outline Study Questions 19 Disorders Associated with the Immune System Hypersensitivity Autoimmune Diseases Reactions Related to the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Complex The Immune System and Cancer Immunodeficiencies Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Study Outline Study Questions 20 Antimicrobial Drugs The History of Chemotherapy The Spectrum of Antimicrobial Activity The Action of Antimicrobial Drugs A Survey of Commonly Used Antimicrobial Drugs Tests to Guide Chemotherapy Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs Antibiotic Safety Effects of Combinations of Drugs The Future of Chemotherapeutic Agents Study Outline Study Questions PART FOUR: Microorganisms and Human Disease 21 Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes Structure and Function of the Skin Normal Microbiota of the Skin Microbial Diseases of the Skin Microbial Diseases of the Eye Study Outline Study Questions 22 Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System Structure and Function of the Nervous System Bacterial Diseases of the Nervous System Viral Diseases of the Nervous System Fungal Disease of the Nervous System Protozoan Diseases of the Nervous System Nervous System Diseases Caused by Prions Disease Caused by Unidentified Agents Study Outline Study Questions 23 Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Bacterial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Viral Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Protozoan Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Helminthic Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Study Outline Study Questions 24 Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System Structure and Function of the Respiratory System Normal Microbiota of the Respiratory System MICROBIAL DISEASES OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Bacterial Diseases of the Upper Respiratory System Viral Disease of the Upper Respiratory System MICROBIAL DISEASES OF THE LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Bacterial Diseases of the Lower Respiratory System Viral Diseases of the Lower Respiratory System Fungal Diseases of the Lower Respiratory System Study Outline Study Questions 25 Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System Structure and Function of the Digestive System Normal Microbiota of the Digestive System Bacterial Diseases of the Mouth Bacterial Diseases of the Lower Digestive System Viral Diseases of the Digestive System Fungal Diseases of the Digestive System Protozoan Diseases of the Digestive System Helminthic Diseases of the Digestive System Study Outline Study Questions 26 Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems Structure and Function of the Urinary System Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems Normal Microbiota of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems DISEASES OF THE URINARY SYSTEM Bacterial Diseases of the Urinary DISEASES OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS Bacterial Diseases of the Reproductive Systems Viral Diseases of the Reproductive Systems Fungal Disease of the Reproductive Systems Protozoan Disease of the Reproductive Systems Study Outline Study Questions PART FIVE: Environmental and Applied Microbiology 27 Environmental Microbiology Microbial Diversity and Habitats Soil Microbiology and Biogeochemical Cycles Aquatic Microbiology and Sewage Treatment Study Outline Study Questions 28 Applied and Industrial Microbiology Food Microbiology Industrial Microbiology Study Outline Study Questions Answers to Review and Multiple Choice Study Questions Appendix A: Metabolic Pathways Appendix B: Exponents, Exponential Notation, Logarithms, and Generation Time Appendix C: Methods for Taking Clinical Samples Appendix D: Pronunciation of Scientific Names Appendix E: Word Roots Used in Microbiology Appendix F: Classification of Prokaryotes According to Bergey’s Manual Glossary A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z Credits Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

This #1 selling non-majors microbiology textbook is praised for its straightforward presentation of complex topics, careful balance of concepts and applications, and proven art that teaches. In its Eleventh Edition, Tortora, Funke, and Case’s Microbiology: An Introduction helps you make the connection between microbiology and human health. This edition continues to incorporate the latest in microbiology research and includes more features designed to engage you and promote critical thinking.

With the complex and extensive information presented in introductory microbiology courses, demonstrating the connections between processes you can’t see with your naked eye and diseases you will encounter in future careers can be challenging. Microbiology: An Introduction guides you through the process of disease diagnosis, aided by the practical application of the new Clinical Cases that are integrated through every textbook chapter.

This package contains:

• Microbiology: An Introduction, Eleventh Edition

"Students studying health science, biology, or liberal arts will find this text serves as a comprehensive resource to microbiology...new features include MCQ's, an interactive student tutorial CD-ROM, a web-site,and a disease appendix."