Microbial Endocrinology: Interkingdom Signaling in Infectious Disease and Health (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Book 874)

Dedication Preface Contents Contributors Chapter 1: Microbial Endocrinology: An Ongoing Personal Journey 1.1 Introduction 1.2 From Psychoneuroimmunology to Microbial Endocrinology 1.2.1 Theoretical Reflections 1.2.2 Experimental Observations Leading to Microbial Endocrinology 1.2.3 Gaining Acceptance of Microbial Endocrinology 1.3 Collaboration and Dissemination 1.4 Microbial Endocrinology and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis 1.5 Microbial Endocrinology and Probiotics 1.6 Whither Microbial Endocrinology References Chapter 2: New Trends and Perspectives in the Evolution of Neurotransmitters in Microbial, Plant, and Animal Cells2.1 Introduction 2.2 Occurrence of Neurotransmitters in Living Organisms 2.2.1 Discoveries 2.2.1.1 Acetylcholine 2.2.1.2 Catecholamines 2.2.1.3 Serotonin 2.2.1.4 Histamine 2.2.1.5 Location and Transport of Neurotransmitters Within Cell 2.2.2 Neurotransmitters as Toxicants: Ecologic, Medical, and Economic Aspects 2.2.3 Components of Cholinergic and Aminergic Systems 2.2.3.1 Choline Acetyltransferase 2.2.3.2 Cholinesterase 2.2.3.3 Enzymes of Biogenic Amine Metabolism 2.2.3.4 Recognition of Neurotransmitters2.3 Perspectives on the Universal Functions of Neurotransmitters (Biomediators) 2.3.1 Functions of Neurotransmitters on Different Evolutionary Steps 2.3.1.1 Functions in Microorganisms 2.3.1.2 Function in Plants 2.3.1.3 Functions in Animals 2.3.1.4 Possible Evolution of Neurotransmitter Reception 2.3.2 Participation of Neurotransmitters in Chemical Communication Between Organisms 2.3.2.1 Microorganism-Microorganism Relations 2.3.2.2 Microorganism-Plant Relations 2.3.2.3 Microorganism-Animal Relations 2.3.2.4 Plant-Plant Relations 2.3.2.5 Plant-Animal Relations2.3.2.6 Animal-Animal Relations 2.3.2.7 Biomediator Role of Neurotransmitters 2.4 Use of Microorganisms and Medicinal Plants Enriched in Neurotransmitters and Anti-neurotransmitter Compounds 2.4.1 Microbial Neurotransmitters 2.4.2 Plant Neurotransmitters 2.5 Future Perspectives and Considerations 2.6 Conclusion References Chapter 3: Catecholamine-Directed Epithelial Cell Interactions with Bacteria in the Intestinal Mucosa 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Locations of Catecholamines and Catecholamine Receptors at Mucosal Sites 3.2.1 Catecholamines in the Intestinal Mucosa3.2.2 A Few Words About Catecholamine Receptors 3.2.3 Localization of Catecholamine Receptors on Mucosal Epithelial Cells 3.3 Catecholamines and Mucosal Interactions with Bacteria 3.3.1 Norepinephrine and Dopamine, Their Receptors, and Bacterial Pathogen Invasion in the Small Intestinal Mucosa 3.3.2 Norepinephrine and Bacterial Adherence to the Cecal and Large Intestinal Mucosa 3.4 Potential Host Mechanisms That May Underlie Catecholamine-Associated Mucosal Interactions with Bacteria 3.4.1 Catecholamines and Mucosal Ion and Water Transport "Microbial endocrinology represents a newly emerging interdisciplinary field that is formed by the intersection of the fields of neurobiology and microbiology. It is the intent of this book to introduce a new perspective to the current understanding not only of the factors that mediate the ability of microbes to cause disease, but also to the mechanisms that maintain normal homeostasis. The discovery that microbes can both synthesize and directly respond to neuroendocrine hormones provides for a new framework with which to investigate how microorganisms interface not only with vertebrates, but also with invertebrates and even plants. The reader will learn that neuroendocrine hormones, most commonly associated with mammals, are actually found throughout the plant, insect and microbial kingdoms to an extent that will undoubtedly surprise many, and most importantly, highlight how interactions between microbes and neuroendocrine hormones influence health and the pathophysiology of infectious disease. This book will lead its readers to the understanding that through eons of association with eukaryotic organisms, bacteria have evolved specific detection systems for neuroendocrine hormones, which they utilize not only to "sense" their environment, but also to co-op products of neurophysiological responses for their own survival"--Publisher's description "The field of microbial endocrinology is expressly devoted to understanding the mechanisms by which the microbiota (bacteria within the microbiome) interact with the host ("us"). This interaction is a two-way street and the driving force that governs these interactions are the neuroendocrine products of both the host and the microbiota. Chapters include neuroendocrine hormone-induced changes in gene expression and microbial endocrinology and probiotics. This is the first in a series of books dedicated to understanding how bi-directional communication between host and bacteria represents the cutting edge of translational medical research, and hopefully identifies new ways to understand the mechanisms that determine health and disease"-- This new edition highlights the numerous advances made in the field of microbial endocrinology over the last five years. Prominent among these new topics featured is the emergence of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and the role it plays in brain function. Specific focus is given to the role of microbial endocrinology in the evolutionary symbiosis between man and microbe as it relates to both health and disease. With new chapters on the microbiome and its relation to neurochemicals, this new edition brings this important volume up to date.