انتقال حرارت میکرو و نانو: شناسایی، اندازه‌گیری و مکانیزم

Micro and Nano Thermal Transport Research: Characterization, Measurement and Mechanism is a complete and reliable reference on thermal measurement methods and mechanisms of micro and nanoscale materials. The book has a strong focus on applications and simulation, providing clear guidance on how to measure thermal properties in a systematic way. Sections cover the fundamentals of thermal properties before introducing tools to help readers identify and analyze thermal characteristics of these materials. The thermal transport properties are then further explored by means of simulation which reflect the internal mechanisms used to generate such thermal properties. Readers will gain a clear understanding of thermophysical measurement methods and the representative thermal transport characteristics of micro/nanoscale materials with different structures and are guided through a decision-making process to choose the most effective method to master thermal analysis. The book is particularly suitable for those engaged in the design and development of thermal property measurement instruments, as well as researchers of thermal transport at the micro and nanoscale. Includes a variety of measurement methods and thermal transport characteristics of micro and nanoscale materials under different structures Guides the reader through the decision-making process to ensure the best thermal analysis method is selected for their setting Contains experiments and simulations throughout that help apply understanding to practice Front Cover Micro and Nano Thermal Transport: Characterization, Measurement and Mechanism Copyright Contents Contributors Preface Acknowledgment Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1. Micro- and nanoscale materials 1.1.1. Definition and classification 1.1.2. Advantages and disadvantages in thermal managements 1.2. Thermal transport scale characteristics 1.2.1. Conventional scale characteristics 1.2.2. Unique features at the micro/nanoscale 1.3. Demand for thermal properties research 1.3.1. Limitations of traditional thermal measurement techniques 1.3.2. The main purpose of thermal measurement at micro/nanoscale References Chapter 2: Experimental techniques overview 2.1. Thermophysical parameters and experimental method category 2.1.1. Thermophysical parameters 2.1.2. Experimental method category 2.2. Thermal conductivity measurement techniques 2.2.1. Steady state method on thermal conductivity measurement 2.2.2. Nonsteady state method on thermal conductivity measurement 2.3. Thermal conductivity measurement techniques 2.3.1. Steady state method on thermal conductivity measurement 2.3.1.1. Transient hot wire approach 2.3.1.2. T-type probe method 2.3.1.3. Transient plane source method 2.3.1.4. 3ω method 2.3.1.5. 3ω-T type method 2.3.2. Summary of thermal conductivity measurement 2.4. Specific heat capacity measurement techniques 2.4.1. Differential scanning calorimetry 2.4.1.1. The direct method 2.4.1.2. The indirect method 2.4.2. 3ω method 2.4.3. Summary of specific heat capacity measurement 2.5. Thermal diffusivity measurement techniques 2.5.1. Laser flash technique 2.5.2. Laser flash Raman spectroscopy method 2.5.3. Transient electro-thermal technique 2.5.4. Photothermal resistance technique 2.5.5. Infrared thermography 2.5.6. Summary of thermal diffusivity measurement 2.6. Seebeck coefficient measurement techniques 2.7. Summary References Chapter 3: Thermal transport mechanism for different structure 3.1. Thermal transport characteristics at micro/nanoscale 3.1.1. Basic principle of phonon 3.1.2. The thermal properties of phonon 3.1.2.1. Phonon-phonon scattering 3.1.2.2. Phonon-defect scattering 3.1.2.3. Phonon-boundary scattering 3.2. Dimensional characteristics of heat transport 3.2.1. 0-D thermal transport 3.2.1.1. Metal nanoparticles 3.2.1.2. Fullerenes 3.2.1.3. Ceramic nanoparticles 3.2.2. 1-D thermal transport 3.2.2.1. Carbon nanotubes 3.2.2.2. Nanowires 3.2.2.3. Nanofibers 3.2.3. Two-dimensional thermal transport 3.2.3.1. Graphene 3.2.3.2. Hexagonal boron nitride 3.2.3.3. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) 3.2.4. Three-dimensional thermal transport 3.2.4.1. Carbon honeycomb (CHC) 3.2.4.2. Foam 3.2.5. Thermal transport in multidimensional mixing 3.3. Thermal transport mechanism analysis tool-molecular dynamics 3.3.1. Introduction to molecular dynamics 3.3.2. Calculation method of thermal conductivity 3.3.3. Phonon properties analysis 3.3.3.1. PDOS 3.3.3.2. Fivi method 3.3.3.3. Phonon participation ratio 3.3.3.4. Mode weight factor 3.4. Summary References Chapter 4: Microwire, fiber, nanotube, and nanowire 4.1. Experimental technique comparison 4.1.1. Steady state measurement method 4.1.1.1. Guarded hot plate method 4.1.1.2. Heat flow meter method 4.1.1.3. Circular tube measurement method 4.1.1.4. Microfabricated suspended device method 4.1.1.5. Steady state T-shape method 4.1.2. Unsteady state measurement method 4.1.2.1. Hot wire method 4.1.2.2. Laser flash measurement 4.1.2.3. Transient hot-strip method 4.1.2.4. Probe method 4.1.3. Features and limitations of single experimental techniques 4.1.3.1. Guarded hot plate method 4.1.3.2. Heat flowmeter method 4.1.3.3. Hot-wire method 4.1.3.4. Laser flash method 4.2. Thermal transport mechanism characteristics 4.2.1. Effect of length on transport performance of tubular structures 4.2.2. Effect of temperature on transport performance of tubular structures 4.2.3. Effect of strain on heat transport performance of tubular structures 4.2.4. Common characteristics of this wire-type materials 4.2.4.1. Interesting composite/assembly features 4.2.5. Unique characteristics of nanotube materials 4.3. Experimental study on thermal conductivity of single carbon fiber 4.3.1. Experimental measurement principle 4.3.2. Experimental mathematical model 4.3.3. Experimental measurement system 4.3.4. Radiation effect 4.3.5. Measurement of thermal diffusivity of carbon fiber 4.3.6. Experimental results 4.4. Advantages of multiple technology combinations 4.5. Research progress on metallic nanowires preparation and heat transport 4.6. Aspects to be improved 4.7. Summary References Chapter 5: Nanofilm 5.1. Scanning thermal microscopy 5.1.1. The development history of scanning thermal microscopy 5.1.2. Measurement principle of scanning thermal microscopy 5.1.3. Application of scanning thermal microscopy to film thermal conductivity measurements 5.2. 3ω method 5.2.1. The development history of 3ω method 5.2.2. Measurement principle of 3ω method 5.2.3. Application of 3ω method to thermal conductivity measurement of thin film and multilayer materials 5.2.4. Application of 3ω method to anisotropic thermal conductivity measurement 5.3. Raman method 5.3.1. The development history of Raman method 5.3.2. Measurement principle of Raman method 5.3.3. Application of Raman method to thermal conductivity measurement of thin film and multilayer material 5.4. Time-domain thermal reflection method (TDTR) 5.4.1. The developing history of TDTR 5.5. Factors affecting the measurement 5.5.1. Thermal radiation 5.5.2. Boundary effect 5.6. Summary References Chapter 6: Nanoporous bulk 6.1. Selection of thermal model 6.1.1. Series model 6.1.2. Maxwell-Eucken (ME) model 6.1.3. Effective medium theoretical (EMT) model 6.1.4. Parallel model 6.1.5. Bruggeman model 6.1.6. Hollow cube model 6.2. Experimental techniques and effect comparison 6.2.1. 3ω method 6.2.2. Laser flash method 6.2.3. Other experimental methods 6.3. Thermal transport mechanism characteristics 6.3.1. Phonon conduction 6.3.2. Thermal radiation 6.4. Summary References Chapter 7: Nanofluid and nanopowders 7.1. System and preparation of nanofluids 7.1.1. Classification of nanofluids and nanopowders 7.1.1.1. Nanofluid composed of metal nanoparticles 7.1.1.2. Nanofluid composed of oxide nanoparticles 7.1.1.3. Nanofluid composed of nonoxide nanoparticles 7.1.2. Preparation of nanofluid and nanopowder 7.1.2.1. Preparation of nanofluids 7.1.2.2. Preparation of nanometer powders 7.2. Performance and characterization of nanofluids 7.2.1. Stability of nanofluids 7.2.2. Stability mechanism of nanofluids 7.2.2.1. Electrostatic stability mechanism 7.2.2.2. Stability mechanism of steric hindrance 7.2.2.3. Stability mechanism of electrostatic relation 7.2.2.4. Stability mechanism 7.2.3. Methods for evaluating the stability of nanofluids 7.2.3.1. Settling methods 7.2.3.2. Centrifugal sinking 7.2.3.3. Sedimentation balance method 7.2.3.4. Particle size distribution method 7.2.3.5. Spectrophotometer 7.2.3.6. Viscosity method 7.2.4. Viscous properties 7.3. Experimental study on transport parameters of nanofluids 7.3.1. Basic mode of heat transfer for nanofluids 7.3.1.1. Thermal conduction of nanofluids 7.3.1.2. Thermal convection of nanofluids 7.3.2. Experimental determination of thermal conductivity of nanofluids 7.3.3. Effects of various factors on thermal conductivity of nanofluids 7.3.3.1. Volume fraction of nanoparticles 7.3.3.2. Types of nanoparticles 7.3.3.3. Effects of brown sports 7.3.3.4. Effects of particle aggregation 7.4. Nanofluid boiling heat exchange 7.4.1. Boiling heat exchange coefficient of nanofluids 7.4.2. Critical heat flow density of nanofluid boiling heat exchange 7.4.3. Theory and numerical study of nanofluid boiling heat exchange 7.5. Application of nanofluids 7.5.1. Application of electron industry 7.5.2. Application of automobile industry 7.5.3. Application of solar energy systems 7.5.4. Application of speakers and sonar 7.5.5. Application of oil industry 7.5.5.1. Nanofluid scale inhibitor 7.5.5.2. Fracturing drainage aids 7.5.5.3. Environmental protection drilling 7.5.5.4. Water injection wells to increase pressure 7.5.6. Other applications 7.6. Application of nanopowders 7.6.1. Application of catalyst materials 7.6.2. Application of optical materials 7.6.3. Applications of sensor materials 7.6.4. Applications of electronic materials 7.6.5. Applications of process materials 7.6.6. Applications of magnetic materials 7.6.7. Application of biomaterials 7.6.8. Other applications 7.7. Summary References Chapter 8: Interfacial thermal resistance between materials 8.1. Interfacial thermal resistance and contact thermal resistance 8.2. Theoretical model of interface thermal resistance 8.2.1. Acoustic mismatch model 8.2.2. nu-Acoustic mismatch model 8.2.3. Diffuse mismatch model 8.2.4. Mixed mismatch model 8.2.5. Maximum transmission limit 8.3. Interface thermal resistance with electronic participation 8.3.1. Revised TTM model 8.3.2. Improvement model based on joint-mode channel 8.3.3. The relationship between the electron-phonon direct coupling and the substrate 8.3.4. Other theoretical studies 8.4. Research methods for interface thermal resistance 8.4.1. Theoretical model research methods 8.4.2. Molecular dynamics simulation methods 8.4.3. Atomic Green function 8.4.4. Lattice dynamics 8.5. Summary References Chapter 9: Conclusion 9.1. Experimental techniques overview 9.2. Thermal transport mechanism for different structure 9.3. Microwire, fiber, nanotube, and nanowire 9.4. Nanofilm 9.5. Nanoporous bulk 9.6. Nanofluid and nanopowders 9.7. Interfacial thermal resistance between materials Index Back Cover