Mexican American Colonization During the Nineteenth Century: A History of the U. S. -Mexico Borderlands

This study is a reinterpretation of nineteenth century Mexican American history that examines Mexico's struggle to secure its northern border with repatriates from the United States in the aftermath of a war resulting in the loss of half its territory. Responding to past interpretations, Jose Angel Hernández suggests that these resettlement schemes centered on the developments of the frontier region, the modernization of the country with loyal Mexican American settlers, and blocking the tide of migrations to the United States to prevent the depopulation of its fractured northern border. Through an examination of Mexico's immigration and colonization policies as they developed throughout the nineteenth century, the book focuses primarily on the population of Mexican citizens who were “lost” after the end of the Mexican American War of 1846–1848 until the end of the century. Cover MEXICAN AMERICAN COLONIZATION DURING THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Title Copyright Dedication CONTENTS FIGURES ACKNOWLEDGMENT INTRODUCTION RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEXICO AND ITS DIASPORA THE “CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS” COMES HOME ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK PART I MIGRATION TO MEXICO IN AN AGE OF GLOBAL IMMIGRATIONS CHAPTER ONE: FROM CONQUEST TO COLONIZATION HISTORIOGRAPHY NINETEENTH-CENTURY MEXICAN IMMIGRATION POLICIES AND INDIOS BÁRBAROS INDEPENDENCE AND THE PROMISE OF EMPIRE: INDIOS AND INTELLECTUALS EUROPEAN IMMIGRATION, 1821–1900 POST-INDEPENDENCE IDEOLOGIES OF MEXICO: INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION EARLY PROPOSALS FOR COLONIZATION: FROM CONQUEST TO COLONIZATION IMMIGRATION POLICIES AFTER INDEPENDENCE, 1821–1846 TOWARD EXCLUSION: COLONIZATION POLICY DURING THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY SPANIARDS IN MEXICO, 1810–1900 CONCLUSION CHAPTER TWO: POSTWAR EXPULSIONS AND EARLY REPATRIATION POLICY EARLY MEXICAN EXPULSIONS MILITARY COLONIZATION AS AN HISTORICAL RESPONSE TO EXPANSIONISM AND EXPULSION THE NORTHERN FRONTIER OF NEW SPAIN, 1780 CONCLUSION PART II MÉXICO PERDIDO AND THE MAKING OF POSTWAR REPATRIATION PROGRAMS ALONG THE BORDERLANDS CHAPTER THREE: POSTWAR REPATRIATION AND SETTLINGTHE FRONTIERS OF NEW MEXICO INTRODUCTION: A DOMINANT NATIONALIST DISCOURSE THE FEDERAL REPATRIATION COMMISSION AND ITS MISSION APPOINTMENT OF THE COMMISSIONERS IN NEW MEXICO COMPETING STATE INTERESTS IN SETTLING THE BORDER REGION THE MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR, ANTI-AMERICAN SENTIMENT, AND FATHER RAMON ORTIZ THE LEGAL ARGUMENT IN U.S. OPPOSITION TO REPATRIATION THE RIVER CROSSED US?: THE FATEFUL REDIRECTIONS OF EL RIO BRAVO/THE RIO GRANDE MAP OF GUADALUPE AND SAN IGNACIO, CHIHUAHUA 1863 MAP OF LA MESILLA AND CHANGING COURSE OF THE RIVER A PUEBLO UNITED?: ISSUES WITH FUNDING AND FAVORITISM REPATRIATES WITHIN THE COLONIAL PERIPHERY PERSISTENT MISMANAGEMENT PLAGUES THE MEXICAN BORDER COLONIES CONCLUSION CHAPTER FOUR: REPATRIATIONS ALONG THE INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY INTRODUCTION REPATRIATIONS FROM TEXAS NUEVO LAREDO: AN ARCHETYPICAL PATRIOTIC TOWN, OR REPATRIATE EXCEPTION? “DENIED EQUAL GRACE”: ANTONIO MENCHACA AND THE PROBLEMATIC REPATRIATION FROM NACOGDOCHES, TEXAS TO EL REMOLINO, COAHUILA ORGANIZED REPATRIATION FROM BELOW IN CALIFORNIA REPATRIATION SOCIETIES AND LOCAL PROTECTION ISLAS’S COLONY AND THE MIXED MESSAGES OF REPATRIATION THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND REPATRIATION PROBLEMS GOLD AND DISTRIBUTED WEALTH IN EL NORTE CONCLUSION PART III THE LOCAL MIXING, UNMIXING, AND REMIXING OF A REPATRIATE COLONY IN CHIHUAHUA CHAPTER FIVE: THE 1871 RIOT OF LA MESILLA,NEW MEXICO INTRODUCTION THE FOUNDING OF LA MESILLA, CHIHUAHUA IN 1850 ACCOUNTING FOR THE GROWTH OF LA MESILLA LEGAL MANEUVERINGS IN THE STRUGGLE TO SETTLE LA MESILLA THE EVENT THAT WOULD SPLIT LA MESILLA CONCLUSION CHAPTER SIX: COLONIZING LA ASCENSIÓN, CHIHUAHUA INTRODUCTION THE 1872 REPATRIATION OF MESILLEROS TO LA ASCENSIÓN, CHIHUAHUA DUBIOUS SURVEYING DIVIDES LA ASCENSIÓN MOUNTING WRITTEN COMPLAINTS AGAINST BOUQUET BOUQUET’S QUESTIONABLE DEFENSE CONCLUSION CHAPTER SEVEN: ANATOMY OF THE 1892 REVOLT OF LA ASCENSIÓN, OR THE PUBLIC LYNCHING OF RAFAEL ANCHETA THE LINCHAMIENTO OF RAFAEL ANCHETA ANCHETA’S PAST AND DEATH DESCRIBED EYEWITNESS ACCOUNTS OF THE KILLINGS THE QUELLING OF THE REVOLTOSOS RECASTING THE REPATRIATES: FROM REPATRIATING MODERNITY TO REPATRIATING REVOLT THE FLIGHT TO LA MESILLA AND RECTIFICATION OF SURVEYS RECTIFICATION OF SURVEYS AND THE DISAPPEARANCE OF BOUQUET’S SURVEY CONCLUSION CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX "This study is a reinterpretation of nineteenth century Mexican American history that examines Mexico's struggle to secure its northern border with repatriates from the United States in the aftermath of a war resulting in the loss of half its territory. Responding to past interpretations, Jose Angel Hernández suggests that these resettlement schemes centered on the developments of the frontier region, the modernization of the country with loyal Mexican American settlers, and blocking the tide of migrations to the United States to prevent the depopulation of its fractured northern border. Through an examination of Mexico's immigration and colonization policies as they developed throughout the nineteenth century, the book focuses primarily on the population of Mexican citizens who were "lost" after the end of the Mexican American War of 1846-1848 until the end of the century."--publisher's description This study is a reinterpretation of nineteenth-century Mexican American history, examining Mexico's struggle to secure its northern border with repatriates from the United States, following a war that resulted in the loss of half Mexico's territory. Responding to past interpretations, Jose Angel Hernández suggests that these resettlement schemes centred on developments within the frontier region, the modernisation of the country with loyal Mexican American settlers, and blocking the tide of migrations to the United States to prevent the depopulation of its fractured northern border. Through an examination of Mexico's immigration and colonisation policies as they developed in the nineteenth century, this book focuses primarily on the population of Mexican citizens who were 'lost' after the end of the Mexican American War of 1846–8 until the end of the century. From Conquest To Colonization : The Making Of Mexican Colonization Policy After Independence -- Postwar Expulsions And Early Repatriation Policy -- Postwar Repatriation And Settling The Frontiers Of New Mexico -- Repatriations Along The New International Boundary : The Cases Of Texas And California -- The 1871 Riot Of La Mesilla, New Mexico -- Colonizing La Ascensión, Chihuahua : The Pre-history Of Revolt -- Anatomy Of 1892 Revolt Of La Ascensión, Or, The Public Lynching Of Rafael Ancheta -- Conclusion : Repatriating Modernity? José Angel Hernández. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. This study is a reinterpretation of nineteenth-century Mexican American history, examining the various cases of return migration from the United States to Mexico following the war of 1846–8. As the United States expanded toward Mexico's northern frontiers, Mexicans in those areas now lost to the United States were seen as an ideal group to colonise and settle the fractured republic.