Methods in Social Epidemiology (Public Health/Epidemiology and Biostatistics Book 16)

**A thorough, practical reference on the social patterns behind health outcomes**__Methods in Social Epidemiology__provides students and professionals with a comprehensive reference for studying the social distribution and social determinants of health. Covering the theory, models, and methods used to measure and analyze these phenomena, this book serves as both an introduction to the field and a practical manual for data collection and analysis. This new second edition has been updated to reflect the field's tremendous growth in recent years, including advancements in statistical modeling and study designs. New chapters delve into genetic methods, structural cofounding, selection bias, network methods, and more, including new discussion on qualitative data collection with disadvantaged populations.Social epidemiology studies the way society's innumerable social interactions, both past and present, yields different exposures and health outcomes between individuals within populations. This book provides a thorough, detailed overview of the field, with expert guidance toward the real-world methods that fuel the latest advances.Identify, measure, and track health patterns in the populationDiscover how poverty, race, and socioeconomic factors become risk factors for diseaseLearn qualitative data collection techniques and methods of statistical analysisExamine up-to-date models, theory, and frameworks in the social epidemiology sphereAs the field continues to evolve, researchers continue to identify new disease-specific risk factors and learn more about how the social system promotes and maintains well-known exposure disparities. New technology in data science and genomics allows for more rigorous investigation and analysis, while the general thinking in the field has become more targeted and attentive to causal inference and core assumptions behind effect identification. It's an exciting time to be a part of the field, and__Methods in Social Epidemiology__provides a solid reference for any student, researcher, or faculty in public health. Social epidemiology is the study of how social interactions--social norms, laws, institutions, conventia, social conditions and behavior--affect the health of populations. This practical, comprehensive introduction to methods in social epidemiology is written by experts in the field. It is perfectly timed for the growth in interest among those in public health, community health, preventive medicine, sociology, political science, social work, and other areas of social research. Topics covered are: Introduction: Advancing Methods in Social Epidemiology The History of Methods of Social Epidemilogy to 1965 Indicators of Socioeconomic Position Measuring and Analyzing 'Race' Racism and Racial Discrimination Measuring Poverty Measuring Health Inequalities A Conceptual Framework for Measuring Segregation and its Association with Population Outcomes Measures of Residential Community Contexts Using Census Data to Approximate Neighborhood Effects Community-based Participatory Research: Rationale and Relevance for Social Epidemiology Network Methods in Social Epidemiology Identifying Social Interactions: A Review, Multilevel Studies Experimental Social Epidemiology: Controlled Community Trials Propensity Score Matching Methods for Social Epidemiology Natural Experiments and Instrumental Variable Analyses in Social Epidemiology and Using Causal Diagrams to Understand Common Problems in Social Epidemiology. "Publication of this highly informative textbook clearly reflects the coming of age of many social epidemiology methods, the importance of which rests on their potential contribution to significantly improving the effectiveness of the population-based approach to prevention. This book should be of great interest not only to more advanced epidemiology students but also to epidemiologists in general, particularly those concerned with health policy and the translation of epidemiologic findings into public health practice. The cause of achieving a 'more complete' epidemiology envisaged by the editors has been significantly advanced by this excellent textbook." --Moyses Szklo, professor of epidemiology and editor-in-chief, American Journal of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University "Social epidemiology is a comparatively new field of inquiry that seeks to describe and explain the social and geographic distribution of health and of the determinants of health. This book considers the major methodological challenges facing this important field. Its chapters, written by experts in a variety of disciplines, are most often authoritative, typically provocative, and often debatable, but always worth reading." --Stephen W. Raudenbush, Lewis-Sebring Distinguished Service Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Chicago "The roadmap for a new generation of social epidemiologists. The publication of this treatise is a significant event in the history of the discipline." --Ichiro Kawachi, professor of social epidemiology, Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard University "Methods in Social Epidemiology not only illuminates the difficult questions that future generations of social epidemiologists must ask, it also identifies the paths they must boldly travel in the pursuit of answers, if this exciting interdisciplinary science is to realize its full potential. This beautifully edited volume appears at just the right mom... A thorough, practical reference on the social patterns behind health outcomes

Methods in Social Epidemiology provides students and professionals with a comprehensive reference for studying the social distribution and social determinants of health. Covering the theory, models, and methods used to measure and analyze these phenomena, this book serves as both an introduction to the field and a practical manual for data collection and analysis. This new second edition has been updated to reflect the field's tremendous growth in recent years, including advancements in statistical modeling and study designs. New chapters delve into genetic methods, structural cofounding, selection bias, network methods, and more, including new discussion on qualitative data collection with disadvantaged populations.

Social epidemiology studies the way society's innumerable social interactions, both past and present, yields different exposures and health outcomes between individuals within populations. This book provides a thorough, detailed overview of the field, with expert guidance toward the real-world methods that fuel the latest advances.

• Identify, measure, and track health patterns in the population
• Discover how poverty, race, and socioeconomic factors become risk factors for disease
• Learn qualitative data collection techniques and methods of statistical analysis
• Examine up-to-date models, theory, and frameworks in the social epidemiology sphere

As the field continues to evolve, researchers continue to identify new disease-specific risk factors and learn more about how the social system promotes and maintains well-known exposure disparities. New technology in data science and genomics allows for more rigorous investigation and analysis, while the general thinking in the field has become more targeted and attentive to causal inference and core assumptions behind effect identification. It's an exciting time to be a part of the field, and Methods in Social Epidemiology provides a solid reference for any student, researcher, or faculty in public health. Advancing Methods In Social Epidemiology / Jay S. Kaufman And J. Michael Oakes -- The Measurement Of Socioeconomic Status / J. Michael Oakes And Kate E. Andrade -- Measuring And Analyzing 'race', Racism, And Racial Discrimination / Saffron Karlsen And James Yzet Nazroo -- Measuring Poverty / David M. Betson And Jennifer L. Warlick -- Health Inequalities : Measurement And Decomposition / Sam Harper And John Lynch -- A Conceptual Framework For Measuring Segregation And Its Association With Population Outcomes / Sean F. Reardon -- Measures Of Residential Community Contexts / Patricia O'campo Ph.d. And Margaret O'brien Caughy -- Diagrams To Understand Common Problems In Social Epidemiology / M. Maria Glymour. Community-based Participatory Research : Rationale And Relevance For Social Epidemiology / Paula M. Lantz, Barbara A. Israel, Amy J. Schulz, And Angela G. Reyes -- Social Network Analysis For Epidemiology / David A. Shoham And Lynne C. Messer -- Fieldwork With In-depth Interviews : How To Get Strangers In The City To Tell You Their Stories / Melody L. Boyd And Stefanie Deluca -- Experimental Social Epidemiology : Controlled Community Trials / Peter J. Hannan -- Propensity Score Matching For Social Epidemiology / J. Michael Oakes And Pamela Jo Johnson -- Longitudinal Approaches To Social Epidemiologic Research / Magdalena Cerdá And Katherine M. Keyes. Fixed Effects And Difference-in-differences / Erin C Strumpf, Sam Harper, And Jay S Kaufman -- Fixed Versus Random Effects Models For Multilevel And Longitudinal Data / Ashley Schempf Hirai, And Jay S. Kaufman -- Mediation Analysis In Social Epidemiology / Arijit Nandi And Tyler J. Vanderweele -- A Roadmap For Estimating And Interpreting Population Intervention Parameters / Jennifer Ahern And Alan E. Hubbard -- Natural Experiments And Instrumental Variables Analyses In Social Epidemiology / Maria Glymour, Stefan Walter, And Eric J. Tchetgen -- Using Causal Edited By J. Michael Oakes, Jay S. Kaufman. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes. Table of Contents: Advancing methods in social epidemiology / Jay S. Kaufman and J. Michael Oakes The measurement of socioeconomic status / J. Michael Oakes and Kate E. Andrade Measuring and analyzing 'race', racism, and racial discrimination / Saffron Karlsen and James Yzet Nazroo Measuring poverty / David M. Betson and Jennifer L. Warlick Health inequalities : measurement and decomposition / Sam Harper and John Lynch A conceptual framework for measuring segregation and its association with population outcomes / Sean F. Reardon Measures of residential community contexts / Patricia O'Campo Ph.D. and Margaret O'Brien Caughy Community-based participatory research : rationale and relevance for social epidemiology / Paula M. Lantz, Barbara A. Israel, Amy J. Schulz, and Angela G. Reyes Social network analysis for epidemiology / David A. Shoham and Lynne C. Messer Fieldwork with in-depth interviews : how to get strangers in the city to tell you their stories / Melody L. Boyd and Stefanie DeLuca Experimental social epidemiology : controlled community trials / Peter J. Hannan Propensity score matching for social epidemiology / J. Michael Oakes and Pamela Jo Johnson Longitudinal approaches to social epidemiologic research / Magdalena Cerda and Katherine M. Keyes Fixed effects and difference-in-differences / Erin C Strumpf, Sam Harper, and Jay S Kaufman Fixed versus random effects models for multilevel and longitudinal data / Ashley Schempf Hirai, and Jay S. Kaufman Mediation analysis in social epidemiology / Arijit Nandi and Tyler J. VanderWeele A roadmap for estimating and interpreting population intervention parameters / Jennifer Ahern and Alan E. Hubbard Natural experiments and instrumental variables analyses in social epidemiology / Maria Glymour, Stefan Walter, and Eric J. Tchetgen Using causal diagrams to understand common problems in social epidemiology / M. Maria Glymour Appendix 2. MPLUS Code for Growth Model with Covariates -- Appendix 3. SAS Code for Hierarchical Age-Period-Cohort Model Described in Figure 13.5 -- Appendix 4. SAS Code to Estimate Inverse Probability of Treatment Weights -- Appendix 5. SAS Code to Estimate Marginal Structural Models -- Chapter 14: Fixed Effects and Difference-in-Differences -- Methods -- Applications -- Conclusion -- Key Readings and Resources -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 15: Fixed Versus Random Effects Models for Multilevel and Longitudinal Data -- Between Versus Within Cluster Variables -- Fixed Effects -- Random Effects -- Hybrid Effects -- Marginal Models -- An Applied Multilevel Example and Comparison of Results from Different Models -- Multilevel and Longitudinal Literature Examples -- Summary and Recommendations for Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 16: Mediation Analysis in Social Epidemiology -- The Product Method for Mediation Analysis -- Counterfactual Approach to Mediation Analysis -- Controlled or Natural Effects? -- Decomposition of Racial Inequalities in Health -- Exposure-Induced Mediator-Outcome Confounding -- Mediation Analysis with Multiple Mediators -- Sensitivity Analyses -- Other Topics -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17: A Roadmap for Estimating and Interpreting Population Intervention Parameters -- Roadmap -- Other Parameters and Future Directions -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 18: Using Causal Diagrams to Understand Common Problems in Social Epidemiology -- Some Background Definitions -- Graphical Models -- Applying DAGs to Guide Analyses in Social Epidemiology -- Caveats and Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 19: Natural Experiments and Instrumental Variables Analyses in Social Epidemiology -- Motivations for Using Instrumental Variables in Social Epidemiology Research Future Directions on Measuring Neighborhood Environments -- References -- PART TWO: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS -- Chapter 8: Community-Based Participatory Research: Rationale and Relevance for Social Epidemiology -- Definition and Principles of CBPR -- CBPR and Social Epidemiology -- Deciding Whether or Not to Use a CBPR Approach -- The Process of CBPR -- Common Pitfalls/Challenges and Facilitating Factors in CBPR -- Discussion -- Conclusion: "Push Beyond the Research"--Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9: Social Network Analysis for Epidemiology -- Introduction to Network Concepts -- Study Design and Data Collection Methods -- Analytic Approaches -- Future Directions for SNA -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10: Fieldwork with In-Depth Interviews: How to Get Strangers in the City to Tell You Their Stories -- Logistics -- How to Talk to Strangers So It Does Not Feel Strange -- Conclusion: One Size Does Not Fit All, and Try, Try, Again -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11: Experimental Social Epidemiology: Controlled Community Trials -- Randomization and Dependence -- Implications of Clustering-Proper Inference in Community Trials -- Efficient Allocation of Resources Subject to Constraints -- Example of Designing a GRT and Some Further Issues -- Implementation of Randomized Community Trials -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 12: Propensity Score Matching for Social Epidemiology -- The Counterfactual Framework -- Propensity Score Matching Methods -- Worked Example -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Longitudinal Approaches to Social Epidemiologic Research -- Analytic Approaches to Describe Longitudinal Patterns -- Analytic Approaches to Address Sources of Bias in Longitudinal Research -- Conclusion -- References -- Appendix 1. MPLUS Code for Unconditional Growth Model Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Tables and Figures -- About the Editors -- About the Authors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Advancing Methods in Social Epidemiology -- What Is Social Epidemiology? -- What Is Social Epidemiologic Methodology? -- Three Fundamental Issues -- Advancing Further Still -- References -- PART ONE: MEASURES AND MEASUREMENT -- Chapter 2: The Measurement of Socioeconomic Status -- What Is Socioeconomic Status? -- Why Does it Matter? -- How Is SES Measured? -- How Should SES Be Measured? -- Recommendations and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Measuring and Analyzing "Race," Racism, and Racial Discrimination -- Concepts -- Measurement -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Measuring Poverty -- What Does It Mean to be Poor? -- Early Attempts at Constructing Poverty Budgets (Thresholds) -- Current Methods of Poverty Measurement -- NRC Panel Recommendations -- Impact on Elderly and Child Poverty -- Progress Toward Adoption of a New Poverty Measure -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Health Inequalities: Measurement and Decomposition -- Issues -- Measures -- Decomposition of Inequalities -- Conclusions -- References -- Appendix -- Chapter 6: A Conceptual Framework for Measuring Segregation and Its Association with Population Outcomes -- What Is Segregation? -- Why Does Segregation Matter? -- Conceptual and Methodological Issues in the Measurement of Segregation -- Measures of Residential Segregation -- The Association of Segregation with Population Outcomes -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 7: Measures of Residential Community Contexts -- Measurement Strategies for Residential Neighborhoods -- Observational Measures of Neighborhoods -- Measures on Perceptions of Neighborhoods -- Bringing in the Community Perspective Teach Like a Champion 2.0 is a complete update to the international bestseller. This teaching guide is a must-have for new and experienced teachers alike. Over 700,000 teachers around the world already know how the techniques in this book turn educators into classroom champions. With ideas for everything from classroom management to inspiring student engagement, you will be able to perfect your teaching practice right away. Assumptions and Estimation in IV Analyses -- Framing Natural Experiments and IVs Causally -- A Good Instrument Is Hard to Find -- Limitations of IV Analyses -- Conclusion -- References -- Index -- End User License Agreement