روش‌ها در بیوشیمی گیاهی: فنول‌های گیاهی (روش‌ها در بیوشیمی گیاهی)

Methods in Plant Biochemistry, Volume 1: Plant Phenolics reviews current knowledge about techniques used in the analysis of the biochemistry of plant polyphenols and their importance in the agricultural and food industries. It looks at the application of these techniques in the fractionation of cellular constituents, isolation of enzymes, electrophoretic separation of nucleic acids and proteins, and chromatographic identification of the intermediates and products of cellular metabolism. Organized into 15 chapters, this book opens with an overview of the general procedures and measurement of total phenolics, from detecting phenolic substances in crude plant extracts to determining which classes they belong to and the quantitative estimation of total phenol. The reader is introduced to the chemistry, structural variation, function, and distribution of each class of plant phenolics and, in a few cases where this is practicable, detailed listings of known derivatives are given. Most chapters focus on chromatographic separations and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), along with thin layer and paper Rf values with HPLC retention times and NMR spectroscopy. The book also outlines the procedures for the extraction, isolation, separation, and characterization of different classes of phenolic compounds, ranging from phenols and phenolic acids to phenylpropanoids, lignins, stilbenes and phenanthrenes, flavones and flavonols, chalcones and aurones, flavanoids, anthocyanins, biflavanoids, tannins, isoflavanoids, quinones, xanthones, and lichen substances. The book is a valuable resource for students, biochemists, and researchers in the plant sciences. V.1 - Plant phenolics: General procedures and measurement of total phenolics: Phenols and phenolic acids; Phenylpropanoids; Lignins; Stilbenes and phenanthrenes; Flavones, flavonols and their glycosides; Chalcones and aurones; Flavonoids; Anthocyanins; Biflavonoids; Tannins; Isoflavonoids; Quinones; Xanthones; Lichen substances. v.2 - carbohydrates: Monosaccharides; Nucleotide sugars; Lipid-linked saccharides in plant: intermediates in the synthesis of N-linked glycoproteins; Disaccharides; Oligosaccharides; Cyclitols; Branched-chain sugars and sugar alcohols; Cellulose; Starch; Fructans; Mannose-based polysaccharides; The pectic polysacchareides of primary cells walls; Chitin; Exudate gums; Algal polysaccharides; Isolation and analysis of plant cell walls; Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in Polysaccharide solvolysis and glycoprotein delycosylation; Techniques for studying interactions between polysaccharides. v.3 - Enzymes of primary metabolism: Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and carbonic anhydrase; Enzymes of the calvin cycle; Enzymes of C4 photosynthesis; Enzymes of sucrose metabolism; Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate; Enzymes of starch synthesis; Starch degrading enzymes; Enzymes of the photorespiratory carbon pathway; Glycolysis; The mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; Enzymes of fatty acid synthesis; Enzymes of lipid degradation; Enzymes of phospholipid synthesis; Nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase; Enzymes of asparagine metabolism; Enzymes of lysine synthesis; Threonine biosynthesis; Enzymes of leucine, valine and isoleucine biosynthesis; Sulphur metabolism; Adenosine 5'-phosphosulphate sulphotransferase; Sulphite reductase; Cysteine synthase; Synthesis of glutathione; Enzymes involved in the synthesis of methionine; Protein kinase; Tonoplast adenosine triphosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphatase Content: Methods in Plant Biochemistry Page ii Front Matter Page iii Copyright page Page iv Contributors Page vii Preface to the Series Pages ix-x P.M. DEY, J.B. HARBORNE Preface to Volume 1 Pages xi-xii JEFFREY B. HARBORNE 1 - General Procedures and Measurement of Total Phenolics Pages 1-28 J.B. HARBORNE 2 - Phenols and Phenolic Acids Pages 29-73 C.F. VAN SUMERE 3 - Phenylpropanoids Pages 75-111 RAGAI IBRAHIM, DENIS BARRON 4 - Lignins Pages 113-157 BERNARD MONTIES 5 - Stilbenes and Phenanthrenes Pages 159-196 J. GORHAM 6 - Flavones, Flavonols and their Glycosides Pages 197-235 KENNETH R. MARKHAM 7 - Chalcones and Aurones Pages 237-282 BRUCE A. BOHM 8 - Flavanoids Pages 283-323 RENEE J. GRAYER 9 - Anthocyanins Pages 325-356 DIETER STRACK, VICTOR WRAY 10 - Biflavonoids Pages 357-388 CHRISTINE A. WILLIAMS, JEFFREY B. HARBORNE 11 - Tannins Pages 389-419 LAWRENCE J. PORTER 12 - Isoflavonoids Pages 421-449 CHRISTINE A. WILLIAMS, JEFFREY B. HARBORNE 13 - Quinones Pages 451-491 A.J.J. VAN DEN BERG, R.P. LABADIE 14 - Xanthones Pages 493-508 KURT HOSTETTMANN, MARYSE HOSTETTMANN 15 - Lichen Substances Pages 509-535 CHICITA F. CULBERSON, JOHN A. ELIX Index Pages 537-552 Volume five in a series which examines plant compound groups, and provides detailed and practical instructions for analytical methods. Intended for postgraduate/research level plant physiologists and biochemists, this book focuses on amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids.