Methods and Applications of Artificial Intelligence: Second Hellenic Conference on AI, SETN 2002 Thessaloniki, Greece, April 11–12, 2002 Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2308)

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second Hellenic Conference on Artificial Intelligence, SETN 2002, held in Thessaloniki, Greece, in April 2002. The 42 revised full papers presented together with two invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on knowledge representation and reasoning, logic programming and constraint satisfaction, planning and scheduling, natural language processing, human-computer interaction, machine learning, intelligent Internet and multiagent systems, and intelligent applications. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence Lecture Notes in Computer Science Springer Methods and Applicationsof Artificial Intelligence Preface Organization Conference Chair Conference Co-chair Organizing Committee Advisory Board Program Committee Additional Referees Table of Contents Invited Talks Knowledge Representation & Reasoning Logic Programming & Constraint Satisfaction Planning & Scheduling Natural Language Processing Human-Computer Interaction Machine Learning Knowledge Discovery Neural Networks Pattern Recognition Machine Vision Intelligent Internet & Multiagent Systems Intelligent Applications Author Index Understanding the Internet Extended Abstract References Agent-Oriented Software Development 1 Introduction 2 Organizational Structures 3 Evaluating Architecture 4 Example 5 Related Work Conclusions References The Ramification and Qualification Problems inTemporal Databases Introduction Action Theories in Conventional Databases The Ramification Problem The Qualification Problem Temporal Databases An Improved Solution Summary and Future Research References Multi-inference with Multi-neurules 1 Introduction 2 Neurules 2.1 Simple Neurules 2.2 Training Neurules 2.3 Multi-neurules 2.4 Syntax and Semantics 3 The Hybrid Inference Processes 3.1 Neurules Evaluation 3.2 Symbolism-Oriented Process 3.3 Connectionism-Oriented Process 4 Examples 4.1 Example Knowledge Base 4.2 Example Inference 5 Experimental Results 6 Conclusion References Decision Making Based on Past Problem Cases Introduction The Evaluation Problem Similar Cases Identification Merging of Past Cases Example Conclusions and Future Directions References Relating Defeasible Logic to Extended LogicPrograms Introduction Defeasible Logic A Language for Defeasible Reasoning Formal Definition Proof Theory Semantics of Logic Programs Answer Set Semantics Kunen Semantics A Translation of Defeasible Theories into Logic Programs A Direct Translation That Fails A Translation Using Control Literals Properties of the Translation Conclusion References On Algorithms for Decomposable Constraints Introduction Formal Background Arc Consistency on Binary Not-equals Constraints Local Consistency and Search Algorithms Singleton Arc Consistency Conclusions References Cspcons: A Communicating Sequential Prologwith Constraints 1 Introduction 2 Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Problems 3 The Csp-ii Prolog 3.1 Csp-ii Processes 3.2 TCP/IP Communication 4 Extending the Csp-ii Framework for Constraint Programming 4.1 The Cspcons Execution Model 4.2 The Finite Domain Solver 5 Solving the N-Queens Problem 6 Conclusions and Future Work References Genetic Evolution of Software Microorganisms Introduction Evolving Software Microorganisms Instructions as Genetic Code Reproduction Mutation Microorganism Survival and Extinction The SoftGene System The Virtual Machine The Monitoring Client Assembler / Disassembler An Illustrative Example Conclusions References A Probabilistic Approach to Robust Execution of Temporal Plans with Uncertainty 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 The Probabilistic Simple Temporal Problem 4 Static Scheduling Optimization 5 Dynamic Optimization 6 Discussion 7 Conclusions References Crew Pairing Optimization with GeneticAlgorithms Introduction The Crew Pairing Problem Solving the Crew Pairing Problem The Pairing Generation The Optimization Experimental Results Conclusions References Integration of Topological and Metric Maps for IndoorMobile Robot Path Planning and Navigation 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Strategy 3 Control Architecture 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusions Acknowledgement References Symbolic Authoring for Multilingual Natural Language Generation 1 Introduction 2 System Architecture and the Role of the Authoring Subsystem 3 Database Structure and Entries 4 Clause Plans and Templates 5 Domain-Dependent Lexicon 6 Conclusions and Future Work References A User-Sensitive Spoken Dialogue System Incorporating Emotional Responsiveness 1 Motivation 2 Main Components of a User-Sensitive Dialogue System 3 The SemanticEdge Emotion- and User-Sensitive System 3.1 Representing and Reasoning about Emotional States Representing and Reasoning about User Profiles 3.3 The SemanticEdge User Profile Capturer 4 Conclusion and Future Work References Transforming Spontaneous Telegraphic Language to Well-Formed Greek Sentences for Alternative and Augmentative Communication 1 Introduction 2 General Architecture 3 The Preprocessor 4 The Translator/Generator 4.1 Syntactic and Grammatical Rules 4.2 Knowledge Needed 5 Implementation 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Role Identification from Free Text Using Hidden Markov Models 1 Introduction 2 HMMs for Role Identification 2.1 Basic Theory 2.2 Using HMMs for Role Identification 3 Experiments 3.1 Data Preprocessing 3.2 Results 4 Discussion and Future Work Acknowledgments References Improving SMS Usability Using Bayesian Networks 1 Introduction 2 Text Entry Usability in Mobile Phones 3 Bayesian Belief Networks 3.1 Learning BBN from Data 4 Predicting Text Sequence 5 Keystroke Level Model to Evaluate Proposed Method 6 Prototype Implementation and Performance Evaluation 7 Conclusions References Fuzzy Inference for Student Diagnosis in Adaptive Educational Hypermedia 1 Introduction 2 An Overview of INSPIRE 3 The Problem of Student Diagnosis 4 Student Diagnosis in INSPIRE 4.1 Modeling the Expert's Knowledge 4.2 The Diagnostic Process 5 Experimental Results 6 Conclusions References MultiCAD-GA: A System for the Design of 3D Forms Based on Genetic Algorithms and Human Evaluation 1 Introduction 2 MultiCAD-II 3 The MultiCAD Internal Model 4 Three-Dimensional Form Generation Using Genetic Algorithms 4.1 Chromosome Encoding 4.2 Genetic Operators 4.3 Reproducing New Generations of Solutions 5 Simulations 6 Conclusions References Intelligent Semantic Access to Audiovisual Content 1 Introduction 2 Architecture of the Proposed System 3 Query Mode of Operation 4 Update Mode of Operation 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References A Multi-clustering Fusion Algorithm Introduction Description of the Algorithm Partitioning Procedure Fusion Procedure Pseudo-Algorithm Experimental Results The Lith Data The Banana Data The Clouds Data The Pima Indians Data Discussion Conclusions References Distance and Feature-Based Clustering of Time Series: An Application on Neurophysiology Introduction Transforming and Matching Time Series Qualitative Dynamic Discretization of Time Series Graph Theoretic Clustering (GTC) Step 1. Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) Step 2. Initialize Step 3. CUT[Clusters] Step 4. BEST[Splits] Application Domain and Experiments Experimental Results Conclusions and Future Work Acknowledgement References Least-Squares Methods in Reinforcement Learning for Control Introduction MDPs and Reinforcement Learning Least-Squares Methods in Reinforcement Learning Least-Squares Approximation of Q Functions LSQ: Learning the State-Action Value Function LSQL: Least-Squares Q-Learning LSPI: Least-Squares Policy Iteration Experimental Results Algorithm Selection Inverted Pendulum Bicycle Balancing and Riding Multiagent Learning: The SysAdmin Problem Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games Tetris Discussion and Conclusion References Association Rules & Evolution in Time 1 Definition and Properties of Association Rules 2 Mining Association Rules from Decision Trees 2.1 Data Preparation 2.2 Generation of Multiple Decision Trees 3 Association Rules and Their Evolution in Time 4 Definition of Temporal Rules 5 Mining of Temporal Rules 5.1 Data Preparation 5.2 Specification of Temporal Parameters 5.3 Mining Strong Association Rules for Each Temporal Period 5.4 Verification of Support and Confidence for Each Temporal Period 6 Visualisation of Temporal Rules 7 Conclusions References Managing Uncertainty and Quality in the Classification Process 1 Introduction and Motivation 2 Related Work 3 System Architecture 4 Mapping to the Fuzzy Domain 4.1 Classification Space (CS) 4.2 Classification Value Space (CVS) 4.3 CVS Storage 5 Information Measures for Decision Support 5.1 Class Energy Metric 5.2 Attribute Energy Metric 6 Classification Scheme Quality Assessment 7 Experimental Study 8 Conclusion and Further Work References The Role of Domain Knowledge in a Large Scale Data Mining Project 1 Introduction 2 Identification of Key Roles and Key Phases of a KDD Project 3 Business Knowledge and KDD 4 Use of Domain Knowledge in an Insolvency Prediction Case Study 4.1 Problem Definition 4.2 Creating Target Data Set 4.3 Data Prepossessing and Transformation 4.4 Feature and Algorithm Selection for Data Mining 4.5 Data Mining 4.6 Evaluation and Interpretation of Learned Knowledge 4.7 Fielding the Knowledge Base 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Artificial Neural Network Learning: A Comparative Review 1 Introduction 2. Definitions of Learning – Learning in Neural Networks 2.1 Learning in General 2.2 Learning in Artificial Neural Networks 3 Characteristic Features of Neural Learning 4 Taxonomy of Neural Learning Rules 5 Learning as Optimization and Optimization-Type Learning Rules 6 Concluding Remarks References Piecewise Neural Networks for Function Approximation, Cast in a Form Suitable for Parallel Computation Introduction Rationale and Motivation General Description of the Method Definitions and Terms Obreshkov Polynomials and Related Operators Neural Splines and Model Description Partitioning and Procedures Numerical Experiments Experiments Resources Results Conclusions References Using Hopfield Networks to Solve Assignment Problem and N-Queen Problem: An Application of Guided Trial and Error Technique Introduction The Relation of Parameters for a Class of Energy Functions The General Form of a Class of Energy Functions The Relation between Parameters $C$ and $D$ The Initial Value of $D$ The Fine-Tuning of $D$ The Value of the Parameter Associated with the Binary Constraint The Guided Trial-and-Error Technique Experimental Results The Linear Assignment Problem The N-Queen Problem Conclusions References A Bayesian Regularization Method for the Probabilistic RBF Network Introduction The Probabilistic RBF Network Bayesian Regularization The EM Training Procedure Experimental Results and Conclusions References Support Vector Machines with Clustering for Training with Very Large Datasets Introduction Background and Notation The Clustering Algorithm Experimental Results Conclusions References A Temporal Network of Support Vector Machine Classifiers for the Recognition of Visual Speech Introduction Description of the Proposed Visual Speech Recognition Approach Using Support Vector Machines Modeling the Temporal Dynamics of Visual Speech Experimental Results Conclusions Acknowledgement References Fuzzy Stochastic Automata for Reactive Learning and Hybrid Control 1 Introduction 2 Fuzzy Switching Control Laws 2.1 A Switching Control Algorithm for Uncertain Systems 2.2 The Rule Base for the Tuning of the Switching Control $delta$u_k 3 Modelling of the Switching Control Law as a Learning Automaton 3.1 Stochastic Properties of the FSA Learning 3.2 Convergence of the FSA Control 4 Applications of FSA 4.1 Fuzzy Stochastic Automata for Reactive Learning and Hybrid Control 4.2 Fuzzy Stochastic Automata for Hybrid Control 5 Conclusions References Overview of Wave Probe-Based High-Resolution Subsurface Sensing, Imaging, and Vision Introduction State of the Art in Wave--Based Imaging Computer Simulation Conclusions and Future Research References 3D Volume Reconstruction by Serially Acquired 2D Slices Using a Distance Transform-Based Global Cost Function 1 Introduction 2 A Global Energy Function Formulation 3 Experimental Results 4 Conclusion References Definition and Extraction of Visual Landmarks for Indoor Robot Navigation 1 Introduction 2 Method Overview 2.1 Edge Detector 2.2 Corner Detector 2.3 Vanishing Point Calculator 2.4 Corner Selector 2.5 Point Clustering 3 Comparing Images Using Clusters of Corners 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Target Approaching 4.2 Influence of Displacement and Constraints 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements. References Factors Affecting the Accuracy of an Active Vision Head 1 Introduction 2 The Stereo Head 3 Error Generation Factors 4 Experiments a. Visual Errors b. Alignment Errors c. Mechanical Errors d. Overall System Efficiency 5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Query Translation for Mediators over Ontology-Based Information Sources Introduction The Information Sources The Mediator The Answer Model of the Mediator Answering Queries at the Mediator The Query Translation Problem Translating and Evaluating Queries Related Work -- Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements References Intelligent Querying of Web Documents Using a Deductive XML Repository Introduction Related Work The Object Model of XML Data The Deductive XML Query Language First-Order Deductive Query Language Generalized Path Expressions Ordering Expressions Exporting Results Conclusions and Future Work References Roles in Collaborative Activity 1 Introduction 2 Motivation and Previous Work 3 The Multi-agent Tileworld Domain 4 IC AGENT Framework and Multi-role Recipe Speci .cation 4.1 The Recipe Structure 4.2 Recipe ’s Example and Exploitation 5 Concluding Remarks References Formal Modelling of Reactive Agents as an Aggregation of Simple Behaviours 1 Introduction 2 Motivation 2.1 Modelling of Change and Data 2.2 Modelling as an Aggregation of Simpler Models That Communicate 3 A Formal Method for Agent Modelling 4 Modelling Reactive Agents as X-Machines 5 Discussion and Evaluation 6 Conclusions and Further Work References On the Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques to the Quality Improvement of Industrial Processes 1 Introduction 2 Overview of DT Methodology 3 Multilayer Perceptrons 4 A Hybrid DT-NN Classifier 5 Industrial Applications 5.1 Wound Core Distribution Transformer 5.2 Application on Individual Core 5.3 Application on Transformer 5.4 Discussion of Results 6 Conclusions References Using Non-uniform Crossover in Genetic Algorithm Methods to Speed up the Generation of Test Patterns for Sequential Circuits 1 Introduction 2 Problem Formulation 3 The GATPG Algorithm 3.1 Individuals 3.2 Non-uniform Crossover Selection 3.3 Mutation 3.4 Fitness Function 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusion References Hybrid Computational Intelligence Schemes in Complex Domains: An Extended Review Computational Intelligent Components Hybrid Systems and Combinations Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic Neural Networks and Evolutionary Algorithms Fuzzy Logic and Evolutionary Algorithms Machine Learning and Fuzzy Logic Machine Learning and Evolutionary Algorithms Other Hybrid Intelligent Schemes Conclusions References Author Index