Metastasis of Prostate Cancer (Cancer Metastasis - Biology and Treatment Book 10)

Without metastasis, prostate cancer would be both tolerable and treatable. The high incidence of indolent and organ confined disease is testament to this sweeping generalisation. Equally, if molecular markers of metastatic spread can be identified, then the choice of treatment for many patients would be easier and more radical, even curative. However, should prevention and treatment of the primary tumors prove difficult or impossible, then a knowledge of the phenotype of advanced metastatic tumors should allow us to target these lesions for destruction by conventional (drug based) or more innovative means such as gene and/or immunotherapy (1). The process of metastasis has been reviewed many times (e. g. , 2) and has been subdivided for ease of analysis into a number of discrete stages (see Figure 1). It has been suggested that at least 10 separate genetic 2. ECM degradation: migration MMP ; Integrin ; TIMP 3. Intravasation MMP TIMP 1. Cellular independence 4. Transport Adhesion loss and evasion (E Cadherin ) of host immune system MHCClass1 ICAM-1 to block T cell receptor 5. Arrest of movement: endothelial adhesion CD44 or switch 6. Extravasation to colonise new site 7. Proliferation at Laminin R distant site to form Integrin switch METASTASIS Figure 1. Stages in prostate cancer metastasis. Basic processes in tumor metastases are indicated in the boxes with some key changes in gene expression indicated at each stage by the solid arrows. Front Matter....Pages I-XIV Introduction: Metastasis as a Therapeutic Target....Pages 1-3 The Natural History of Prostate Cancer....Pages 5-19 The Search for Genes Which Influence Prostate Cancer Metastasis: A Moving Target?....Pages 21-61 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Prostate Cancer Metastasis....Pages 63-85 Role of Prostaglandin Synthesis and Cyclooxygenase-2 in Prostate Cancer and Metastasis....Pages 87-109 Cell Cycle Regulation....Pages 111-125 Epithelial-Mesenchymal Molecular Interactions in Prostatic Tumor Cell Plasticity....Pages 127-141 Orthotopic Metastatic Mouse Models of Prostate Cancer....Pages 143-169 β-Catenin, its Binding Partners and Signalling Mechanisms: Implications in Prostate Cancer....Pages 171-196 Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor and Prostate Cancer Metastasis....Pages 197-219 Matrix Degradation in Prostate Cancer....Pages 221-251 The Biology of Bone Metastases from Prostate Cancer and the Role of Bisphosphonates....Pages 253-281 Hormone Therapy For Prostate Cancer....Pages 283-307 Strategies for the Implementation of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy....Pages 309-335 Immuno-gene Therapy for Metastatic Prostate Cancer....Pages 337-353 Distilling the Past – Envisioning the Future....Pages 355-397 Back Matter....Pages 399-407 This Volume Brings Together The Key Research Issues In Clinical And Laboratory Science Relating To Metastasis In Prostate Cancer. Coverage Ranges From The Most Fundamental Aspects Of The Molecular Biology Of Metastasis, To The Patient In The Clinic. The Therapeutic Approaches Range From Conventional Drug Design To Immunogene Therapy. Prostate Cancer Is An Area Of Intense Research Effort, And This Book Provides A Window On Contemporary Research In This Important Area.