Metals, Metalloids and Radionuclides in the Baltic Sea Ecosystem, Volume 5 (Trace Metals and other Contaminants in the Environment)

This book presents in detail the state of knowledge of the distribution, bioavailability, biomagnification, discrimination, fate and sources of chemical pollutants (metals, metalloids, radionuclides and nutrients) in all compartments (atmosphere, water, deposits, biota) of the Baltic environment. Particular components of the Baltic ecosystem are considered as potential monitors of pollutants. Budgets of chemical elements and the ecological status of the Baltic Sea in the past, present and future are presented. Estimates of health risks to man in respect to some toxic metals and radionuclides in fish and seafood are briefly discussed. The content of the book makes possible the identification of gaps in our environmental knowledge of the Baltic Sea, with certain sections establishing possible priorities, key areas or strategies for future research. The general characteristics (meteorology and chemical oceanography; fishes and fisheries, pollution, geology, international management and co-operation) of the Baltic Sea including environmental state of its particular subareas have been well and detailed described in a number of major text books, monographs, reports and articles (see for example: Manheim, 1961; Hartmann, 1964; Fonselius, 1969; Magaard and Rheinheimer, 1974; Lomniewski et al., 1975; Gudelis and Emelyanov, 1976; Millero, 1978; Dybern and Fonselius, 1981; Ehlin, 1981; Blazhchishin and Lukashev, 1981; Grasshoff and Voipio, 1981; Hallfors et al., 1981; Kullenberg, 1981; Lisitzyn and Emelyanov, 1981; Ojaveer et al., 1981; Sjoblom and Voipio, 1981; Winterhalter et al., 1981; Blazhchishin, 1982a, 1982b, 1982c; Emelyanov and Pustelnikov, 1982; Elmgren, 1984; Fonselius et al., 1984; Falkenmark, 1986; HELCOM, 1986, 1998a; Augustowski, 1987; Franck et al., 1987; Ambio, 1990a, 1990b; Anon, 1990; Graneli et al., 1990; Mikulski, 1991; Emeis et al., 1992; Matthaus, 1992, 1993a, 1993b; Matthaus and Francke, 1992; Winterhalter, 1992; Bergstrom and Carlson, 1993; Hagerhall, 1994; Majewski and Lauer, 1994; Emelyanov, 1995; Harff et al., 1995; HELCOM, 1996; Huckriede et al., 1996; Trzosinska and Lysiak-Pastuszak, 1996; Gingele and Leipe, 1997; Jensen et al., 1997, 1999; Lemke et al., 1997, 1998; Rheinheimer, 1998; Jansson and Dahlberg, 1999; Lysiak-Pastuszak, 1999; Sokolov and Wulff, 1999; Falandysz et al., 2000; Kautsky and Kautsky, 2000; Blomqvist and Heiskanen, 2001; Lemke et al., 2001) and therefore it is not the intention to repeat this published information.