Metals Ions in Biological System: Volume 39: Molybdenum and Tungsten: Their Roles in Biological Processes: (Metal Ions in Biological Systems)

Volume 39: Molybdenum and Tungsten: Their Roles in Biological Processes is devoted soley to the vital research area on molybdenum and tungsten and their role in biology. It offers a comprehensive and timely account of this fascinating topic by 40 distinguished international authorities. Topics include: transport, homeostasis, regulation and binding of molybdate and tungstate to proteins, crystallographic characterization, coordination of complexes, and biosynthesis. Preface to the Series......Page 4 Preface to Volume 39......Page 6 In Memoriam of Professor Robert (Bob) C. Bray......Page 8 Contents......Page 14 Contributors......Page 24 Contents of Previous Volumes......Page 28 Handbook on Metalloproteins......Page 60 The Biogeochemistry of Molybdenum and Tungsten......Page 61 Transport, Homeostasis, Regulation, and Binding of Molybdate and Tungstate to Proteins......Page 91 Molybdenum Nitrogenases: A Crystallographic and Mechanistic View......Page 135 Chemical Dinitrogen Fixation by Molybdenum and Tungsten Complexes: Insights from Coordination Chemistry......Page 181 Biosynthesis of the Nitrogenase Iron- Molybdenum-Cofactor from Azotobacter vinelandii......Page 223 Molybdenum Enzymes Containing the Pyranopterin Cofactor: An Overview......Page 247 The Molybdenum and Tungsten Cofactors: A Crystallographic View......Page 287 Models for the Pyranopterin-Containing Molybdenum and Tungsten Cofactors......Page 325 Biosynthesis and Molecular Biology of the Molybdenum Cofactor (Moco)......Page 377 Molybdenum in Nitrate Reductase and Nitrite Oxidoreductase ......Page 429 The Molybdenum-Containing Hydroxylases of Nicotinate, Isonicotinate, and Nicotine......Page 465 The Molybdenum-Containing Xanthine Oxidoreductases and Picolinate Dehydrogenases......Page 491 Enzymes of the Xanthine Oxidase Family: The Role of Molybdenum......Page 515 The Molybdenum-Containing Hydroxylases of Quinoline, Isoquinoline, and Quinaldine......Page 541 Molybdenum Enzymes in Reactions Involving Aldehydes and Acids......Page 599 Molybdenum and Tungsten Enzymes in C1 Metabolism......Page 631 Molybdenum Enzymes and Sulfur Metabolism......Page 681 Comparison of Selenium-Containing Molybdoenzymes......Page 715 Tungsten-Dependent Aldehyde Oxidoreductase: A New Family of Enzymes Containing the Pterin Cofactor......Page 733 Tungsten-Substituted Molybdenum Enzymes......Page 759 Molybdenum Metabolism and Requirements in Humans......Page 787 Metabolism and Toxicity of Tungsten in Humans and Animals......Page 801 Subject Index......Page 821 And Future Prospects -- Molybdenum Enzymes Containing the Pyranopterin Cofactor: an Overview / Russ Hille -- Classification of the Mononuclear Molybdenum Enzymes -- Consideration of Selected Enzymes Not Covered in Other Chapters -- Mechanistic Considerations -- The Molybdenum and Tungsten Cofactors: A Crystallographic View / Holger Dobbek, Robert Huber -- Structure of the Mo/W Cofactor -- Moco-Containing Enzyme Families -- Limitations of a Crystallographic Model -- Models for the Pyranopterin-Containing Molybdenum and Tungsten Cofactors / Berthold Fischer, Sharon J. Nieter Burgmayer -- Early Models -- Model Complexes of 1,2-Ene-Dithiolates -- Metal Complexes of Pterins -- Models with All Three Redox Sites -- Biosynthesis and Molecular Biology of the Molybdenum Cofactor (Moco) / Ralf R. Mendel, Gunter Schwarz -- Genetics of the Molybdenum Cofactor -- Biosynthesis of the Molybdenum Cofactor -- Regulation of Molybdenum Cofactor Synthesis -- Molybdenum in Nitrate Reductase and Nitrite Oxidoreductase / Peter M. H. Kroneck, Dietmar J. Abt -- Bacterial Respiratory Chains, Metalloenzymes, and Bioenergetics -- Nitrate Reductase -- Nitrite Oxidoreductase -- Environmental Aspects and Biosensors -- The Molybdenum-Containing Hydroxylases of Nicotinate, Isonicotinate, and Nicotine / Jan R. Andreesen, Susanne Fetzner -- Hydroxylations of Nicotinate and Derivatives -- Catabolism of Isonicotinate and Derivatives -- Nicotine Catabolism: Enzymes and Genes Involved in Aerobic Transformations -- Biotechnological Potentials and Medical Implications Biogeochemical cycles have been identified for the major elements essential for life on Earth [1].