مدل‌سازی جوی مقیاس میانه، جلد ۷۸، ویرایش دوم (ژئوفیزیک بین‌المللی)

The second edition of this resource for researchers and practitioners is expanded with the introduction of a new perspective on analyzing meteorological modeling capabilities. Fundamental conservation relations are introduced, equations are averaged to conform to a mesoscale model grid mesh, and types of models are discussed and their advantages and disadvantages are examined with respect to simulation of mesoscale phenomena. A transformation of the equations to a generalized coordinate representation is given, and the parameterizations in a mesoscale model of the planetary boundary layer, electromagnetic radiation, and moist thermodynamics are introduced. Mesoscale models are applied in a variety of studies, including weather prediction, regional and local climate assessments, and air pollution investigations. Problems are new to this edition. Content: Preface Pages ix-xi Preface to the second edition Pages xiii-xiv Foreword Pages xv-xvi Roni Avissar Chapter 1 Introduction Pages 1-2 Chapter 2 Basic set of equations Pages 3-21 Chapter 3 Simplification of the basic equations Pages 22-40 Chapter 4 Averaging the conservation relations Pages 41-57 Chapter 5 Physical and analytic modeling Pages 58-121 Chapter 6 Coordinate transformations Pages 122-163 Chapter 7 Parameterization-averaged subgrid-scale fluxes Pages 164-209 Chapter 8 Averaged radiation flux divergence Pages 210-250 Chapter 9 Parameterization of moist thermodynamic processes Pages 251-280 Chapter 10 Methods of solution Pages 281-346 Chapter 11 Boundary and initial conditions Pages 347-441 Chapter 12 Model evaluation Pages 442-471 Chapter 13 Examples of mesoscale models Pages 472-530 Appendix A The solution of eqs. (10–28) and (10–47) with periodic boundary conditions Pages 531-533 Appendix B Model summaries Pages 534-549 Appendix C Summary of several cumulus cloud parameterization schemes Pages 550-555 Appendix D BATS, LAPS, and LEAF comparison tables Pages 556-569 Appendix E Summary of datasets (2000) Page 570 References Pages 571-660 Index Pages 661-672 International geophysics series Pages 673-676 The second edition of Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling is a fully revised resource for researchers and practitioners in the growing field of meteorological modeling at the mesoscale. Pielke has enhanced the new edition by quantifying model capability (uncertainty) by a detailed evaluation of the assumptions of parameterization and error propagation. Mesoscale models are applied in a wide variety of studies, including weather prediction, regional and local climate assessments, and air pollution investigations.