گدایان، سازمان‌های نظامی و منطقه‌گرایی در اروپا در قرون وسطی

The new religious orders of the 12th and 13th centuries - the military orders and the mendicants - were established as international orders. Yet they were inevitably dependent on regional and local conditions for recruitment and finance, and could not escape involvement in the power structures, whether secular or ecclesiastical, of the areas in which they were based. This book examines the tensions that arose from this, and how they evolved and were manifested. It looks in particular at the orders’ early expansion, and at the special conditions that applied in frontier regions, notably those in Northern and Central Europe which have typically been less well studied. Introduction : Regional Problems In The History Of The Mendicant And Military Orders / Jurgen Sarnowsky 1 -- Part I. Religious Orders In Border Regions -- Bonds And Tensions On The Frontier: The Templars In Twelfth-century Western Catalonia / Nikolas Jaspert 19 -- The Knights Hospitaller On The Frontiers Of The British Isles / Helen Nicholson 47 -- Quelques Aspects De Comparison Entre Les Commanderies De L'ordre Teutonique A Metz Et A Liege Au Moyen-age / Dieter Heckmann 59 -- Part Ii. Different Levels Of Regional Influence -- From The Holy Land To Prussia: The Teutonic Knights Between Emperors And Popes And Their Policies Until 1309 / Klaus Militzer 71 -- Kings And Priors: The Hospitaller Priory Of England In The Later Fifteenth Century / Jurgen Sarnowsky 83 -- Between International Horizon And Regional Boundary: The Bohemian Crosiers Of The Red Star In Silesia / Andreas Ruther 103 -- The 'hospice Of The German Nobility': Changes In The Admission Policy Of The Teutonic Knights In The Fifteenth Century / Johannes A. Mol 115 -- The Basle Dominicans Between Town And Province / Bernhard Neidiger 131 -- Part Iii. Nations, Regions, And The Internal Structures Of Religious Orders -- Local Ties And International Connections Of The London Mendicants / Jens Rohrkasten 145 -- Change And Conflict Within The Hospitaller Province Of Italy After 1291 / Anthony Luttrell 185 -- The Hospitallers, Bohemia, And The Empire, 1250-1330 / Karl Borchardt 201 -- King Wenceslas And The Dissolution Of The Teutonic Order's Bohemian Bailiwick / Libor Jan 233 -- The Mendicant Orders And Their Architecture In Scotland / Anneli Randla 243 -- Mendicants, Military Orders, And Regionalism / Jurgen Sarnowsky 283. Edited By Jürgen Sarnowsky. Most Of The Papers In This Volume Were Originally Presented At Two Sessions Of The 1997 International Medieval Conference In Leeds, England. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 289-314) And Index. English; With One Contribution In French.