Membrane Transport Mechanism: 3D Structure and Beyond (Springer Series in Biophysics Book 17)

With this edition is aimed to compile particularly significant work on transporters that has contributed to the fundamental understanding of the alternating access mechanism. It is covered four of the major secondary transporter families: the Glutamate transporter family (Chap. 1), the LeuT-like fold family (Chaps. 2, 3, 4, and 5), the Major Facilitator family (Chaps. 6 and 7), and the SMR (RND) family (Chaps. 9, 10, and 11), as well as the maltose transporter (Chap. 8), an important member of the ATP-driven family of ABC transporters. The selected examples impressively demonstrate how the combination of functional analysis, crystallography, and investigation of dynamics contributes to the overall mechanistic picture of solute transport. This book provides a molecular view of membrane transport by means of numerous biochemical and biophysical techniques. The rapidly growing number of atomic structures of transporters in different conformations and the constant progress in bioinformatics have recently added deeper insights. The unifying mechanism of energized solute transport across membranes is assumed to consist of the conformational cycling of a carrier protein to provide access to substrate binding sites from either side of a cellular membrane. Due to the central role of active membrane transport there is considerable interest in deciphering the principles of one of the most fundamental processes in nature: the alternating access mechanism. This book brings together particularly significant structure-function studies on a variety of carrier systems from different transporter families: Glutamate symporters, LeuT-like fold transporters, MFS transporters and SMR (RND) exporters, as well as ABC-type importers. The selected examples impressively demonstrate how the combination of functional analysis, crystallography, investigation of dynamics and computational studies has made it possible to create a conclusive picture, or, more precisely, a molecular movie. Although we are still far from a complete molecular description of the alternating access mechanism, remarkable progress has been made from static snapshots towards membrane transport dynamics. -- Source other than Library of Congress This book provides a molecular view of membrane transport by means of numerous biochemical and biophysical techniques. The rapidly growing numbers of atomic structures of transporters in different conformations and the constant progress in bioinformatics have recently added deeper insights. The unifying mechanism of energized solute transport across membranes is assumed to consist of the conformational cycling of a carrier protein to provide access to substrate binding sites from either side of a cellular membrane. Due to the central role of active membrane transport there is considerable interest in deciphering the principles of one of the most fundamental processes in nature: the alternating access mechanism. This book brings together particularly significant structure-function studies on a variety of carrier systems from different transporter families: Glutamate symporters, LeuT-like fold transporters, MFS transporters and SMR (RND) exporters, as well as ABC-type importers. The selected examples impressively demonstrate how the combination of functional analysis, crystallography, investigation of dynamics and computational studies has made it possible to create a conclusive picture or more precisely, “a molecular movie”. Although we are still far from a complete molecular description of the alternating access mechanism, remarkable progress has been made from static snapshots towards membrane transport dynamics. Front Matter....Pages i-xii Dance Lessons for Proteins: The Dynamics and Thermodynamics of a Sodium/Aspartate Symporter....Pages 1-22 Characterizing the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Human Solute Carrier (SLC) Transporters Using Computational Approaches....Pages 23-57 Structures of the Prokaryotic Galactose Transporter vSGLT and Their Implications on Alternating Access Mechanism in Human SGLT1....Pages 59-78 Moving Crystallographic Snapshots: A Mechanism for Transport Regulation in BetP....Pages 79-98 Development of Refined Homology Models: Adding the Missing Information to the Medically Relevant Neurotransmitter Transporters....Pages 99-120 The Life and Times of Lac Permease: Crystals Ain’t Everything, but They Certainly Do Help....Pages 121-158 Alternating Access Within the POT Family of Oligopeptide Proton Symporters....Pages 159-179 The Maltose ABC Transporter: Where Structure Meets Function....Pages 181-205 Cooperative Transport Mechanism and Proton-Coupling in the Multidrug Efflux Transporter Complex ArcAB-TolC....Pages 207-232 What Can a Living Fossil Tell Us About Evolution and Mechanism of Ion-Coupled Transporters: The Story of Small Multidrug Transporters....Pages 233-248 Symmetrically Asymmetric: EmrE Seen from the NMR Perspective....Pages 249-272