مگالیت‌های جهان جلد ۱

Megaliths of the World brings together the latest research on megalithic monuments throughout the world. Many of these sites are well known, others less familiar, yet equally deserving of close attention. Megalithic monuments in different regions of the world are far from being a single unified phenomenon, having varied chronologies, and diverse origins, but they all share a certain family resemblance through their common characteristic: the deployment of large stones. No fewer than 150 researchers have contributed 72 articles and inserts, providing a vital region-by region account of the megalithic monuments in their specialist areas, and the current state of knowledge. The insights offered in these volumes emphasize the particular character and significance of these apparently inanimate stones. The use of such large blocks must surely have been an expression of power or prestige, yet the size and materiality of the stones themselves opens up new perspectives into the meaning and symbolism of these monuments, the places from which the blocks were derived, and the way they were manipulated and shaped. Megaliths of the World takes the reader on a fascinating journey, offering new insights through encounters with megaliths and megalithic traditions that will often be new and unfamiliar. Highlighting salient themes, it provides a compendium of detailed information that will be vital to anyone interested in the phenomenon of megalithic monumentality. Bringing together the latest research on megalithic monuments throughout the world, 150 researchers offer 72 articles, providing a region-by region account in their specialist areas, and a summary of the current state of knowledge. Highlighting salient themes, the book is vital to anyone interested in the phenomenon of megalithic monumentality. Volume I 1 Title Page (I) 3 Table of contents 5 Preface 19 Introduction 23 Part I: Megaliths 29 1: From the architectural project to megalithic ruins 31 2: Megalithism and monumentalism 53 3: From the rock throne to the burial chamber 67 4: Megalithic genesis 87 5: Stones in the landscape 97 Part I: Bibliography 109 Part II: America 123 Introduction 125 6: Pre-Colombian megaliths of the Caribbean 135 7: Megaliths of the Colombian Andes 163 8: The Late Holocene Megalithic Structures at Easternmost Amazonia 197 From stone to dust: ceramics and megalithism in Amapá (Brazil) 205 9: Non-funerary megalithism among mobile hunter-gatherers and shepherds 209 Part II: Authors 221 Part II: Bibliography 223 Part III: Easter Island to Indonesia 239 Introduction 241 10: Aboriginal monumental stone-working in Northern Australia during the Pleistocene 245 11: Megalithism in Eastern Polynesia 261 12: Megalithic architectures in a world of oceanic ‘little islands (Micro-nesia)’ 281 13: Mechanisms of appearance and disappearance of Indonesian megaliths 295 14: Menhirs of Tana Toraja (Indonesia) 311 15: Megaliths on Sumatra and Nias (Indonesia) 327 16: The social context of megalithic practice 345 Megalithic techniques at Sumba Island (Indonesia): from quarries to abandonment 369 17: Setting the wider frame. A comparison of recent megalith building traditions in Sumba (Indonesia) and Nagaland (India) 377 Part III: Authors 395 Part III: Bibliography 397 Part IV: India and Southeastern Asia 417 Introduction 419 18: Megalithic cultures in Southern Asia 423 19: Megalithic architectures in India 435 20: Northeast Indian megaliths 451 21: Megalithic monuments of Jharkhand 479 22: The stone jars of Southeast Asia and Northeast India 493 23: The dolmens of Karachi, Sindh (Pakistan) 503 24: Megaliths in Vidarbha region (India) 513 Mahurjhari Megalithic Site (India) 522 Bhagimohari Megalithic Site (India) 524 25: Distributions and disparities in the megalithic burials of Vidarbha (India): a scrutiny 527 26: Social organisation of the megalithic people in Vidarbha, Maharashtra (India) 539 27: Situating megalithic monumentsin Tamil Nadu 549 Part IV: Authors 571 Part IV: Bibliography 573 Volume I: Résumés 597 Volume II 615 Title Page (II) 617 Part V: Central and East Asia 619 Introduction 621 28: Monuments in the mountains: The megalithic graves of western China 627 29: Prehistoric cairns and dolmens in Manchuria (China) 649 30: Dolmens and societies in the Korean Peninsula 671 31: Dolmens of the Korean Peninsula 689 32: The development of stone art culture in ancient Korea 697 33: From megalithic contexts in the Japanese archipelago, to megalithism as a context 717 34: Prehistoric and protohistoric megaliths of the Japanese archipelago 741 35: Bronze Age and Iron Age decorated megaliths and funerary complexes in Mongolia and Southern Siberia 755 Digital 3D documentation of the Tamchinsky deer stone 769 36: Megalithic traditions in the Early Bronze Age of the Mongolian Altai 775 Part V: Authors 799 Part V: Bibliography 801 Part VI: Caucasus to the Arabic Peninsula 825 Introduction 827 37: In the shadow of monoliths. Göbekli Tepe and the monumental tradition of the Pre-Pottery Levant 831 38: The Bronze Age megaliths in the Caucasus 845 39: The dolmens of the Balkans 861 40: At the intersection of continents: Megalithism in Turkey 875 41: Untangling megalith typologies and chronologies in the Levant 895 42: Protohistoric cairns and tower tombs in South-Eastern Arabia (end of the 4th - beginning of the 3rd millennium BCE) 913 43: Megalithism in the Middle East 929 Part VI: Authors 943 Part VI: Bibliography 945 Part VII: Africa 969 Introduction 971 44: Megaliths of Africa: an overview 977 45: The Horn of Africa 993 46: Pastoral Neolithic ‘pillar sites’ of northwestern Kenya 1009 47: Megaliths in Madagascar 1031 48: Megaliths of Nigeria 1041 49: Megaliths from Senegal and The Gambia in their regional context 1059 Earthern architectures and megalithism: the Soto monument (Senegal) 1079 50: Types of monumentalism and burial rites of the central and eastern Sahara 1085 51: Neolithic monuments with standing stones in the northwestern Sahara 1103 52: The megalithic necropolises of the eastern Maghreb 1119 Part VII: Authors 1133 Part VII: Bibliography 1137 Part VIII: Europe 1155 Introduction 1157 53: Larger than life: monumentality of the landscape and other-than-human imagery at Lepenski Vir (Serbia) 1161 54: On the Atlantic shores. The origin of megaliths in Europe? 1181 Standing stones and sepulchral stone assemblies. Towards a convergence in thinking. 1201 55: First monumentalities in Western Europe: the necropolis of Fleury-sur-Orne, ‘Les Hauts de l’Orne’ (Normandy, France) 1207 56: Early monumentality in northern Europe 1221 Old bones or early graves? A brief summary of megalithic burial sequences in southern Sweden based on radiocarbon dating 1242 57: Beyond comparison: the diversity of megalith building 1247 58: Megaliths from north and northwest France, Britain and Ireland 1261 The clay binder: a link between megalithic funerary architecture and monumental non-megalithic architecture based on examples from Champagne (France) 1263 a DNA and kinship in French Atlantic façade megalithic monuments 1268 Secrets in the stones: examining the presence of stones with inclusions in the passage tombs of Atlantic Europe 1278 A study of 26 Irish prehistoric stone circles and their inbuilt sunrise calendars 1285 59: Mediterranean megalithism: a long-term history 1289 The megalithic monument of Uzès (Gard, south of France) 1305 60: Megalithism versus cyclopeism: the case of prehistoric Menorca(Balearic Islands, Spain) 1311 61: Small is Beautiful: Early megalithism and the first funerary architectures in south-central Portugal (southwestern Iberia) 1321 62: Megalithic art: Funeral scenarios in western Neolithic Europe 1333 Don Bosco: a new Final Neolithic megalithic cemetery at Sion (Valais-Switzerland) 1348 Part VIII: Authors 1355 Part VIII: Bibliography 1359 Conclusion 1397 Conclusion 1399 Volume II: Résumés 1411 Megaliths;,Prehistory;,World,archaeology;,Monuments;,Standing,Stones;,Dolmens Megaliths,Prehistory,World archaeology,Monuments,Standing Stones,Dolmens Megaliths of the World brings together the latest research on megalithic monuments throughout the world. Many of these sites are well known, others less familiar, yet equally deserving of close attention. Megalithic monuments in different regions of the world are far from being a single unified phenomenon, having varied chronologies, and diverse origins, but they all share a certain family resemblance through their common characteristic: the deployment of large stones. No fewer than 150 researchers have contributed 72 articles and inserts, providing a vital region-by region account of the megalithic monuments in their specialist areas, and the current state of knowledge.0The insights offered in these volumes emphasize the particular character and significance of these apparently inanimate stones. The use of such large blocks must surely have been an expression of power or prestige, yet the size and materiality of the stones themselves opens up new perspectives into the meaning and symbolism of these monuments, the places from which the blocks were derived, and the way they were manipulated and shaped.0Megaliths of the World takes the reader on a fascinating journey, offering new insights through encounters with megaliths and megalithic traditions that will often be new and unfamiliar. Highlighting salient themes, it provides a compendium of detailed information that will be vital to anyone interested in the phenomenon of megalithic monumentality