Medieval Jerusalem and Islamic Worship: Holy Places, Ceremonies, Pilgrimage (Islamic History and Civilization : Studies and Texts, Vol 8) (Islamic History and Civilization : Studies and Texts, Vol 8)

Medieval Jerusalem and Islamic Worship treats of the holy sites of the Muslims in Jerusalem and the ceremonies and pilgrimage to these places during the early Muslim period. It is based primarily on primary Arabic sources, some of which have been used for the first time. Emphasis is given to the works of " Literature in Praise of Jerusalem ", an important and unique source for the history and topography of the city. Many of the topics in this book have never been dealt with before, e.g. the detailed description of the first known guide for the Muslim pilgrim to Jerusalem, that dates from the 11th century, and the supplementary discussion of the 16th-century guide. Both guides are still in manuscript and have never been published. Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Table of Contents 6 Preface 10 List of Maps 12 Maps 14 Introduction 26 A. The Nature of the Sources 26 1. Arabic Sources 26 2. Non-Arabic Sources 28 3. Previous Research on Jerusalem During the Early Muslim Period 29 B. The “Literature in Praise of Jerusalem” and Its Importance for the Reconstruction of the History of the City During the Early Muslim Period 31 Chapter One Construction Works on the Ḥaram During the Umayyad Period 48 A. Introduction: The Umayyad Caliphs and Jerusalem 48 1. Mu‘āwiya b. Abī Sufyān (Reigned 40/661–60/680) 48 2. ‘Abd al-Malik b. Marwān (Reigned 65/685–86/705) 49 3. Al-Walīd b. ‘Abd al-Malik (Reigned 86/705–96/715) 51 4. Sulaymān b. ‘Abd al-Malik (Reigned 96/715–99/717) 52 B. The Major Construction Works on the Ḥaram During the Umayyad Period 54 1. Al-Aqṣā Mosque 54 a. The Period of the “Four Guided Caliphs” and the Umayyads 54 a.1 Mu‘āwiya b. Abī Sufyān 58 a.2 ‘Abd al-Malik 60 a.3 Al-Walīd b. ‘Abd al-Malik 62 b. Al-Aqṣā Mosque from the End of the Umayyad Period to the Crusades 65 2. The Dome of the Rock (Qubbat al-Ṣakhra) 69 C. Other Constructions on the Ḥaram in the Umayyad Period 71 1. The Treasury (Bayt al-Māl) 72 2. The Dome of the Chain (Qubbat al-Silsila) 72 3. The Dome of the Prophet and the Dome of the Ascension (Qubbat al-Nabī, Qubbat al-Mi‘rāj) 73 4. The Gates 75 Chapter Two Worship and Pilgrimage in Jerusalem 76 A. Muslim Worship in the Holy Places of Jerusalem 76 1. Worship on the Ḥaram During the Umayyad Period 76 Translation of Sibṭ b. al-Jawzī’s Mirʾāt al-Zamān 78 Analysis of Sibṭ b. al-Jawzī’s Description 82 The First Part 83 The Second Part 84 2. Worship on the Ḥaram After the Umayyad Period: the Wuqūf 86 B. The Visit and Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and its Holy Sites 87 1. The Umayyad and Early ‘Abbāsid Periods 87 2. The First Guide for the Muslim Pilgrim from the Beginning of the 11th Century 93 Dating the Guide of Ibn al-Murajjā 95 Chapter Three The Holy Places in Jerusalem During the Early Muslim Period 103 A. The Ḥaram: The Dome of the Rock 103 1. The Black Paving-Stone (al-Balāṭa al-Sawdāʾ) 103 2. The Gate of (The Angel) Isrāfīl (Bāb Isrāfīl) 106 B. Additional Places on the Ḥaram 107 1. Solomon’s “Chair” [Stool] (Kursī Sulaymān) 107 1.1 The Gate of the Tribes (Bāb al-Asbāṭ) 110 1.2 The Dome of Jacob (Qubbat Ya‘qūb) 112 1.3 The Dome of Solomon (Qubbat Sulaymān) 115 2. Miḥrāb of Mary (Maryam) and the Cradle of Jesus (Mahd ‘Īsā) 118 2.1 Mahd ‘Īsā (The Cradle of Jesus) 120 3. Bāb al-Nabī (The Prophet’s Gate) 122 4. The Place Where Gabriel Tied al-Burāq 124 5. The Gate(s) of Mercy (Bāb [Abwāb] al-Raḥma) 127 6. The Gate of the Divine Presence (Bāb al-Ṣakīna) 134 7. The Gate of Remission (Bāb Ḥiṭṭa) 139 8. Miḥrāb Zechariah (Zakariyyāʾ) 142 9. Zakariyyāʾ in Islam 145 C. Holy Places Outside the Ḥaram 156 1. Miḥrāb of David (Dāwūd) 156 2. The Church of Mary (Kanīsat Maryam) 163 3. Al-Sāhira and the Mount of Olives (Ṭūr Zaytā) 166 3.1 Al-Sāhira 166 3.2 The Mount of Olives 169 Chapter Four The Religio-Political Status of Jerusalem During the Umayyad Period 172 Why did ‘Abd al-Malik Build the Dome of the Rock? 183 The Historical Framework 184 Appendix A Mid-16th Century Guide for the Muslim Pilgrim to Jerusalem 189 Abbreviations/Bibliography 199 Index 212

medieval Jerusalem And Islamic Worship Treats Of The Holy Sites Of The Muslims In Jerusalem And The Ceremonies And Pilgrimage To These Places During The Early Muslim Period. It Is Based Primarily On Primary Arabic Sources, Some Of Which Have Been Used For The First Time. Emphasis Is Given To The Works Of “literature In Praise Of Jerusalem”, An Important And Unique Source For The History And Topography Of The City.
many Of The Topics In This Book Have Never Been Dealt With Before, E.g. The Detailed Description Of The First Known Guide For The Muslim Pilgrim To Jerusalem, That Dates From The 11th Century, And The Supplementary Discussion Of The 16th-century Guide. Both Guides Are Still In Manuscript And Have Never Been Published.

Medieval Jerusalem and Islamic Worship treats of the holy sites of the Muslims in Jerusalem and the ceremonies and pilgrimage to these places during the early Muslim period. It is based principally on primary Arabic sources, some of which have been used for the first time. Emphasis is given to the works of 'Literature in Praise of Jerusalem', an important and unique source for the history and topography of the city. Many of the topics in this book have never been dealt with before, e. g. the detailed description of the first known guide for the Muslim pilgrim to Jerusalem, that dates from the eleventh century, and the supplementary discussion of the sixteenth-century guide. Both guides are still in manuscript and have never been published. Medieval Jerusalem and Islamic Worship provides fascinating new information about the Muslim holy places in Jerusalem, rituals and pilgrimage to these places during the early Muslim period. It is based primarily on early primary Arabic sources, many of which have not yet been published.