Medicinal Plants of the Asteraceae Family : Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities

This book highlights 12 major plants in the Asteraceae family from the aspects of traditional uses as food and medicine, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. Asteraceae is one of the largest family of flowering plants comprising over 1,600 plant genera and 32,000 plant species. Plants belonging to this family have a long history of being used as medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases. Many of them are also used in the preparation of foods, beverages, and also used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In addition, plants such as Artemisia annua have played an important role in the discovery of novel drugs. The book summarizes the traditional uses of the plants in the family Asteraceae and their scientific validation, which helps readers understand their relation and impact on human health. It also explains the Phytochemistry of the species and presents the pharmacological activities and mechanisms in detail. Understanding current scientific knowledge will help in the commercialization of products based on these plants and also helps to find the research gaps that should be fulfilled in the future for their optimal use. It also helps in increasing the awareness of the plant species related to conservation, cultivation, and sustainable utilization. This edited volume comprises chapters contributed by experts from around the world. Preface Contents About the Editors Chapter 1: An Overview of Medicinal Plants of the Asteraceae Family and Their Role in Human Health 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Traditional Uses of the Plants of the Asteraceae Family as Medicine, Food, Cosmetic, and Other Purposes 1.3 Bioactive Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of the Plants of Asteraceae Family 1.4 Conclusion and Future Prospective References Chapter 2: Artemisia annua L.: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Traditional Uses 2.3 Phytochemical Composition of A. annua 2.4 Pharmacological Activities 2.4.1 Antimalarial Activity 2.4.2 Anticancer Activity 2.4.3 Immunosuppressive Activity 2.4.4 Antimicrobial Activity 2.4.5 Anti-parasitic Activity 2.4.6 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity 2.5 Clinical Studies Involving Artemisinin-Related Compounds in the Treatment of Malaria, Schistosomiasis, Leishmaniasis, and ... 2.6 Safety and Toxicity 2.7 Conclusion References Chapter 3: Artemisia indica Willd.: Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Attributes, and Safety Profile 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Traditional Uses 3.3 Chemical Constituents (Fig. 3.1) 3.4 Pharmacological Activities 3.4.1 Antimalarial Activity 3.4.2 Anticancer Activity 3.4.3 Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Activity 3.4.4 Anthelmintic Activity 3.4.5 Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Activity 3.4.6 Antimicrobial Activity 3.4.7 Anti-Inflammatory Activity 3.4.8 Immunomodulatory Activity 3.4.9 Antioxidant Activity 3.4.10 Anticonvulsant Activity 3.5 Studies Related to Safety and Toxicity 3.6 Conclusions and Future Recommendations References Chapter 4: Arnica montana L.: Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, and Pharmacological Activities 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Traditional Uses 4.3 Chemical Constituents 4.4 Pharmacological Activities 4.4.1 Anti-inflammatory Activity 4.4.2 Anticancer Activity 4.4.3 Antioxidant Activity 4.4.4 Antimicrobial Activity 4.4.5 Antiplatelet Activities 4.4.6 Immunomodulatory and Wound Healing 4.5 Clinical Studies 4.6 Studies Related to Safety and Toxicity 4.7 Conclusions and Future Recommendations References Chapter 5: Aster tataricus L.f.: Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Traditional Uses 5.3 Chemical Constituents 5.4 Pharmacological Activities 5.4.1 Anticancer Activities 5.4.2 Hepato-Protective Activities 5.4.3 Anti-Inflammatory Activities 5.4.4 Antidiabetic Activities 5.4.5 Other Activities 5.4.6 Studies Related to Safety and Toxicity 5.4.7 Conclusions and Future Recommendations References Chapter 6: Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.: Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Attributes, and Safety Profile 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Traditional Uses 6.3 Chemical Constituents 6.4 Pharmacological Activities 6.4.1 Anticancer Activity 6.4.2 Activity in Gastrointestinal System 6.4.3 Activities on the Nervous System 6.4.4 Antimicrobial Activity 6.4.5 Anti-Inflammatory Activity 6.4.6 Antiangiogenic Activity 6.4.7 Miscellaneous Activities 6.5 Safety and Toxicity 6.6 Conclusions and Future Recommendations References Chapter 7: Carthamus tinctorius L.: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Traditional Uses 7.3 Chemical Constituents 7.3.1 Flavonoids 7.3.2 Alkaloids 7.3.3 Polyacetylenes 7.3.4 Organic Acids 7.3.5 Others Compounds 7.4 Pharmacological Activities 7.4.1 Anticoagulant Activity 7.4.2 Antihypertensive and Cardioprotective Activity 7.4.3 Antioxidant Activity 7.4.4 Neurological Disorder 7.4.5 Anti-melanogenic Activity 7.4.6 Effect on Bone Disorders 7.4.7 Effects on the Respiratory System 7.4.8 Effects on the Digestive System 7.4.9 Immunostimulatory Activity 7.4.10 Antitumor Activity 7.4.11 Anti-arthritis Activity 7.4.12 Anti-inflammatory Activity 7.4.13 Effects on Reproductive Health 7.4.14 Anti-obesity Activity 7.4.15 Antidiabetic Activity 7.5 Clinical Studies 7.6 Studies Related to Safety and Toxicity 7.7 Conclusions and Future Recommendations References Chapter 8: Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.: A Medicinal Plant with Diverse Traditional Uses, Bioactive Constituents, and Pharm... 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Traditional Uses 8.3 Chemical Constituents 8.3.1 Chemical Constituents from C. morifolium Flowers Flavonoids Polyphenols Terpenoids Volatile Components Other Chemical Compounds 8.3.2 Chemical Constituents from C. morifolium Leaves 8.3.3 Chemical Constituents from C. morifolium Stem 8.4 Pharmacological Activities 8.4.1 Antioxidant Activity 8.4.2 Anti-inflammatory Activity 8.4.3 Antimicrobial Activity 8.4.4 Anticancer and Anti-tumorigenic Activity 8.4.5 Cardiovascular Protection 8.4.6 Anti-osteoporotic Activity 8.4.7 Antidiabetic Activity 8.4.8 Neuroprotective Activity 8.4.9 Antimutagenic Activity 8.4.10 Anti-obesity Activity 8.5 Clinical Studies 8.6 Studies Related to Safety and Toxicity 8.7 Conclusion and Future Recommendations References Chapter 9: Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore: Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents, and Biological Activities 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Traditional Uses 9.3 Chemical Constituents 9.4 Pharmacological Activities 9.4.1 Wound Healing Activity 9.4.2 Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity 9.4.3 Antidiabetic Property 9.4.4 Antitumor Property 9.4.5 Anticoagulant Activity 9.4.6 Hepatoprotective Effect 9.4.7 Anticholinesterase Activity 9.5 Studies Related to Safety and Toxicity 9.6 Conclusions and Future Recommendations References Chapter 10: Dolomiaea costus (Falc.) Kasana and A. K. Pandey: Ethnomedicinal Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, and Pharma... 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Traditional Uses 10.3 Chemical Constituents 10.4 Pharmacological Activities 10.4.1 Anti-Inflammatory Activity 10.4.2 Anticancer/Antitumor Effect 10.4.3 Nematocidal Activity 10.4.4 Antimicrobial Activity 10.4.5 Antioxidant Activity 10.4.6 Anticonvulsant Activity 10.5 Clinical Studies 10.6 Studies Related to Safety and Toxicity 10.7 Conclusions and Future Recommendations References Chapter 11: Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.: Traditional Use, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Traditional Uses 11.3 Chemical Constituents 11.3.1 Coumestans 11.3.2 Alkaloids 11.3.3 Terpenoids and Their Glycosides 11.3.4 Volatile Oils 11.3.5 Flavonoids 11.4 Pharmacological Activities 11.4.1 Antihepatotoxic Effect 11.4.2 Antidiabetic Effect 11.4.3 Alopecia and Hair Growth 11.4.4 Analgesic Activity 11.4.5 Anti-Inflammatory Activity 11.4.6 Antioxidant Properties 11.4.7 Antimicrobial Activity 11.4.8 Immunomodulatory Activity 11.4.9 Anticancer and Antitumor Properties 11.5 Safety and Toxicity 11.6 Conclusion References Chapter 12: Helianthus annuus L.: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Nutritional Benefits 12.3 Ethnobotanical Uses 12.4 Phytochemistry 12.5 Pharmacological Studies 12.5.1 As Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic 12.5.2 Cardiovascular Benefits 12.5.3 As Antimicrobial, Antiasthmatic, and Antidiabetic 12.5.4 As Anti-Ulcer and Antidiarrheal 12.5.5 As Antihistaminic 12.5.6 As Anticancerous 12.5.7 As an Antioxidant 12.5.8 Anti-Obesity Activity 12.5.9 Others 12.6 Clinical Trials 12.7 Studies Related to Safety and Toxicity 12.8 Conclusion References Chapter 13: Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Traditional Uses 13.3 Chemical Constituents 13.4 Pharmacological Activities 13.4.1 Antioxidant Activity 13.4.2 Anti-Inflammatory Activity 13.4.3 Antidiabetic Activity 13.4.4 Anti-Atherosclerotic Activity 13.4.5 Hepatoprotective Activity 13.4.6 Anticancer Activity 13.4.7 Antiviral Activity 13.4.8 Cardioprotective Activity 13.4.9 Neuroprotective Effects 13.4.10 Renoprotective Effects 13.5 Clinical Studies 13.5.1 Hepatoprotective Effect 13.5.2 Anticancer Activity 13.5.3 Renoprotective Effects 13.5.4 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) 13.5.5 Antidiabetic Effect 13.5.6 Effect on Menopausal Symptoms 13.5.7 Amanita phalloides Poisoning 13.5.8 COVID-19 13.6 Studies Related to Safety and Toxicity 13.7 Conclusions and Future Recommendations References