Medicinal Plants of Borneo (Natural Products Chemistry of Global Plants)

The rich biodiversity of Borneo provides many useful plants for medicinal purposes. Written by experts in the field, Medicinal Plants of Borneo provides a guide and introduction to the medicinal plants from Borneo used traditionally as well as plants whose medicinal uses have been recently discovered. These include anti-HIV plants – such as Calophyllum lanigerum (calanolide A) – and anti-cancer plants – such as Aglaia foveolata (silvestrol). The book also provides information on the relevant medicinal chemistry, such as isolated bioactive compounds and the mechanism of action, where available. FEATURES Discusses the rich experience in the use of medicinal plants and the wide diversity of Borneo’s botanical resources Presents plants with medicinal properties from a scientific perspective Provides readers with current information on the chemistry and pharmacology of natural products with pharmaceutical potential Covers a range of chemical, botanical and pharmacological diversities Forms an important part of the Natural Products Chemistry of Global Plants series due to an increasing global interest in natural products and botanical drugs Simon Gibbons is Head of the School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, UK, and a Professor of Natural Product Chemistry. He was formerly a Professor of Medicinal Phytochemistry at the School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL). Stephen P. Teo is a forest botanist with the Forest Department, Sarawak, Malaysia. Medicinal Plants of Borneo Cover -1 Half Title 2 Series Page 3 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Contents 6 Series Preface 8 Preface 10 Acknowledgments 12 Editors 14 Contributors 16 Aims and Purposes 18 Introduction 20 1. Anti-Malarial Plants 26 Introduction 26 Lansium parasiticum (Osbeck) K.C. Sahni & Bennet 26 Traditional Use 27 Biological Activity 27 Chemistry 27 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. 28 Traditional Use 29 Biological Activity 29 Chemistry 29 Eurycoma longifolia Jack 30 Traditional Use 30 Biological Activity 30 Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson 32 Traditional Use 32 Biological Activity 32 Chemistry 33 Carica papaya L. 33 Traditional Uses 33 Chemistry 33 2. Anti-Fungal Plants 36 Introduction 36 Senna alata L. (Roxb.) 37 Traditional Uses 37 Chemistry 37 Biological Activities 37 Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salisb. and Crinum asiaticum L. 38 Traditional Uses 38 Chemistry 38 Biological Activities 39 Alpinia galanga (L.) Wild. 39 Traditional Use 39 Chemistry 41 Biological Activities 41 Musa × paradisiaca L. 42 Traditional Use 42 Chemistry and Biological Activities 42 3. Anti-Mycobacterial Plants 44 Introduction 44 Hydnocarpus wightianus Blume 44 Traditional Uses 44 Chemistry 46 Biological Activities 48 4. Anti-Viral Plants 50 Introduction 50 Carica papaya L. 50 Traditional Uses 50 Biological Activity 51 Chemistry 52 Calophyllum lanigerum Miq. var. austrocoriaceum P.F. Stevens and Calophyllum teysmannii Miq. var. inophylloide P.F. Stevens 52 Traditional Uses 52 Biological Activity 53 Chemistry 55 Clinical Trials of (+)-calanolide A 55 Other Antiviral Plants 56 5. Anti-Cancer Plants 58 Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff.) Martelli 58 Traditional Uses 58 Biological Activity 58 Chemistry 59 Annona muricata L. 60 Traditional Uses 60 Biological Activity 61 Chemistry 61 Aglaia foveolata Pannell 61 Traditional Uses 61 Chemistry and Biological Activity 61 Eurycoma longifolia Jack 61 Traditional Uses 61 Biological Activity 62 Chemistry 64 6. Anti-Diabetic Plants 66 Introduction 66 Alstonia spp. 67 Traditional Use 67 Biological Activity 67 Chemistry 68 Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson 68 Traditional Use 68 Biological Activity 69 Chemistry 69 Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson ex F.A. Zorn) Fosberg 69 Traditional Use 69 Biological Activity 70 Chemistry 70 Psidium guajava L. 71 Traditional Use 71 Biological Activity 71 Chemistry 71 7. Plants for Fever Remedy 76 Introduction 76 Centella asiatica (L.) Urv. 76 Traditional Use 77 Biological Activity 77 Chemistry 77 Kaempferia galanga L. 78 Traditional Use 78 Biological Activity 78 Chemistry 78 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. 78 Traditional Use 79 Biological Activity 79 Chemistry 80 Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. 80 Traditional Use 80 Biological Activity 81 Chemistry 81 Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf 81 Traditional Use 81 Biological Activity 81 Chemistry 82 8. Anti-Hypertensive Plants 84 Introduction 84 Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees 85 Traditional Uses 85 Biological Activity 85 Chemistry 86 Averrhoa belimbi L. 86 Traditional Uses 86 Biological Activity 87 Chemistry 87 Annona muricata L. 88 Traditional Uses 88 Biological Activity 88 Chemistry 88 Aquilaria microcarpa Baill. 88 Traditional Uses 88 Biological Activity 89 Chemistry 89 Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A.Chev. 90 Traditional Uses 90 Biological Activity 90 Chemistry 91 Bauhinia purperea L. 91 Traditional Uses 91 Biological Activity 91 Chemistry 91 Colocasia esculenta L. 91 Traditional Use 92 Biological Activity 92 Chemistry 92 9. Anti-Diarrhoeal Plants 94 Introduction 94 Eleutherine americana (L.) Merr. 95 Traditional Uses 95 Biological Activity 95 Chemistry 95 Melastoma malabathricum L. 96 Traditional Uses 97 Biological Activity 97 Chemistry 97 Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. 98 Traditional Uses 98 Biological Activity 98 Chemistry 100 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. 100 Traditional Uses 100 Biological Activity 100 Chemistry 101 Other Anti-Diarrhoeal Plants 102 10. Plants for Eye-Related Diseases 104 Introduction 105 Polyalthia cauliflora Hook. f. & Thomson var. beccarii (King) J. Sincl. and Polyalthia flagellaris Becc. (Airy Shaw) 105 Traditional Uses 105 Biological Activity 105 Chemistry 105 Mitrephora glabra Scheff. 106 Traditional Uses 106 Chemistry and Biological Activity 107 Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch 108 Traditional Uses 108 Biological Activity 108 Chemistry 109 Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) Underw. 109 Traditional Uses 110 Biological Activity 110 Chemistry 111 Tetrastigma scandens (L.) Merr. 111 Traditional Uses 112 Biological Activity 112 Chemistry 112 Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. 113 Traditional Uses 113 Biological Activity 113 Chemistry 114 Hedyotis capitellata Wall. ex G. Don 114 Traditional Uses 115 Biological Activity 115 Chemistry 115 Merremia crassinervia Ooststr. 116 Traditional Uses 116 Biological Activity 116 Chemistry 117 11. Plants Used in Dental Treatment 118 Introduction 118 Palaquium gutta (Hook.) Baill. 118 Uses of Gutta-Percha 118 Chemistry and Biological Activity 121 Other Species Used Traditionally in Dental Treatment 121 12. Poisonous Plants Used as Blowpipe Dart 124 Introduction 124 Antiaris toxicaria Lesch. 124 Traditional Use 124 Chemistry and Biological Activity 125 Strychnos spp. 125 Traditional Use 125 Chemistry and Biological Activity 125 13. Plants Used to Treat Arthritis 128 Introduction 128 Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. 129 Description 130 Traditional Uses 130 Chemical Constituents 130 Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. 131 Description 131 Traditional Uses 132 Chemical Constituents 132 Curcuma longa L. 132 Description 132 Traditional Uses 132 Chemical Constituents 133 Hibiscus tiliaceus L. 134 Description 134 Traditional Uses 135 Chemical Constituents 135 Morinda citrifolia L. 135 Description 136 Traditional Uses 136 Chemical Constituents and Prospects 137 Mimosa pudica L. 138 Description 138 Traditional Uses 138 Chemical Constituents 138 Zingiber officinale Roscoe 138 Description 140 Traditional Uses 140 Chemical Constituents 141 14. Plants Used for Wound Healing 144 Introduction 145 Nephelium lappaceum L. 146 Traditional Uses 146 Biological Activity 147 Chemistry 147 Morinda citrifolia L. 147 Traditional Use 147 Biological Activity 147 Chemistry 150 Melastomata malabathricum L. 150 Traditional Use 150 Biological Activity 150 Chemistry 151 Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. 151 Traditional Uses 152 Biological Activity 152 Chemistry 152 Musa × paradisiaca L. 152 Traditional Use 152 Biological Activity 152 Chemistry 153 Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. 153 Traditional Use 154 Biological Activity 154 Chemistry 154 Pangium edule Reinw. 155 Traditional Uses 155 Biological Activity 155 Chemistry 155 Paspalum conjugatum PJ.Berhius 156 Traditional Uses 156 Biological Activity and Chemistry 156 Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd. 156 Traditional Use 157 Biological Activity and Chemistry 157 Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. 158 Traditional Uses 158 Biological Activity 158 Chemistry 159 Conclusion 162 Bibliography 164 Index 184 Borneo's,biodiversity;,Bacterial,resistance,modifying,agents;,Bioactive,compounds;,Antimalarial,plants;,Anti-cancer,plants; Borneo's biodiversity,Bacterial resistance modifying agents,Bioactive compounds,Antimalarial plants,Anti-cancer plants "The rich biodiversity of Borneo provides many useful plants for medicinal uses. Written by experts in the field, Medicinal Plants of Borneo provides a guide and introduction to the medicinal plants from Borneo used traditionally, as well as those plants with medicinal uses from recent discoveries. These include anti-HIV plants - Calophyllum lanigerum (calanolide A) and anti-cancer plant- Aglaia foveolata (silvestrol). It also provides information on the relevant medicinal chemistry, such as bioactive compounds isolated, and the mode of action, where available. This book features relevant photos and illustrations as well as interesting facts that can be found in boxes throughout the text"-- Provided by publisher