Medical Research and Innovation (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1324)

This volume is dedicated to multidisciplinary research at the interface between basic biomedicine and clinical practice. This book guides best practice in the diagnosis and therapy while dealing with difficult-to-treat disorders of yet unclear etiology. Chapters address such disorders as granulomatosis with polyangiitis causing autoimmune-related multiorgan inflammation of blood vessels, increasingly widespread allergy to peanuts, occupational exposure to zinc oxide, and immunogenic responses to pneumococcal and influenza vaccination underlying their preventive effectiveness. Other hot issues deal with the proper use of fluid therapy in the perioperative period and a cognitive decline in lung transplant patients. A new physiotherapeutic approach of treating key myofascial trigger points in low-back pain appears highly beneficial in reducing patients’ disability, advancing physiotherapy of this overwhelming condition. Finally, other chapters consider ways to streamline medical management to increase the number of physicians and their availability for patients, a particularly sensitive issue in the current COVID-19 pandemic. The dissemination of clinical knowledge about high-risk and hardly controllable conditions is an inalienable part of progress in medical practice. The book is a resource for clinical specialists, general practitioners, and allied healthcare professionals. Contents Overload of Medical Documentation: A Disincentive for Healthcare Professionals 1 Background 2 Multifaceted Views on Bureaucracy 3 Twentieth-Century Perception of Bureaucracy: Parkinson and Peter ́s Theories 4 Bureaucracy and Healthcare 5 Threats Resulting from Excessive Bureaucratic Procedures 6 The Necessity to Limit the Load of Medical Documentation 7 Functioning Models of Medical Documentation 8 Occupational Burnout and Medical Records References Epidemiologic Benefits of Pneumococcal Vaccine Introduction into Preventive Vaccination Programs 1 Introduction 2 Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: Definition and Epidemiology 3 Historical Vignette on Pneumococcal Vaccination 4 Influence of Vaccination on Epidemiology of Pneumococcal Diseases 5 Optimal Vaccination Schedule 6 Preventive Vaccinations in Poland 7 Vaccinations and Distribution of Serotypes 8 Antibiotic Resistance 9 Future of Pneumococcal Vaccination References Serum Vitamin D and Immunogenicity of Influenza Vaccination in the Elderly 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Patients and Protocol 2.2 Statistical Elaboration 3 Results 4 Discussion References Influenza A (H1N1) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Coinfection in a Newborn Child: A Case Report 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 3 Discussion 4 Conclusions References Thoracic Manifestation of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Case Report 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 3 Discussion References The Natural Course of Impaired Fasting Glucose 1 Introduction 2 Definitions and Diagnosis 3 Epidemiology 4 Differences Between Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) Resulting from Pathophysiology 5 Course and Adverse Outcomes 6 Conclusions References Oleosins: A Short Allergy Review 1 Introduction 2 Clinical Implications 3 Cross-Reactions with Oleosins of Different Origin 4 Benefits from Introducing Oleosins into Routine Allergy Diagnostic Tests References Shortage of Physicians: A Critical Review 1 Introduction 2 European Countries Facing a Shortage of Physicians 3 Specialization Trends Among Doctors in the Light of Shortages 4 Methods of Widening Access to Medical Studies 5 New Technologies in Aid of Limiting a Shortage of Physicians 6 Conclusions References Fluid Therapy in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery: A Bumpy Road Towards Individualized Management 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion References Manual Pressure Release and Low-Grade Electrical Peripheral Receptor Stimulation in Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Co... 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Patients and Study Design 2.2 Myofascial Trigger Points (MTrPs) 2.3 Assessment of Low Back Pain 2.4 Manual Pressure Release (MPR): Examination and Intervention 2.5 Electrical Neuromodulation (ENM): Examination and Intervention 2.6 Statistical Elaboration 3 Results 3.1 Concordance Between Manual Pressure Release (MPR) and Electrical Neuromodulation (ENM) Treatments 3.2 Clinical Trials 4 Discussion References Human Inhalation Study with Zinc Oxide: Analysis of Zinc Levels and Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensate 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Study Design and Participants 2.2 ZnO Particles 2.3 Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC) 2.4 Analysis of Zinc in EBC 2.5 Data Analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion References Cognitive Function After Lung Transplantation 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Study Design and Patients 2.2 Neuropsychological Assessments 2.3 Assessment of Covariates 2.4 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 3.1 Verbal Memory 3.2 Visual Memory 3.3 Concentration, Speed of Processing, and Attention 3.4 Executive Functioning 3.5 Overall Cognitive Impairment 4 Discussion References