Medical Modelling: The Application of Advanced Design and Development Techniques in Medicine (Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials)

Woodhead Publishing Ltd Medical Modelling: The Application of Advanced Design and Development Techniques in Medicine By R. Bibb * Publisher: Woodhead Publishing Ltd * Number Of Pages: 312 * Publication Date: 2006-09-30 * ISBN-10 / ASIN: 1845691385 * ISBN-13 / EAN: 9781845691387 Product Description Providing a source of information relating to the technological challenges and solutions encountered in the accurate capture of anatomical data, this book covers computer-aided techniques and physical replication as used in a variety of medical disciplines. Medical Modelling comprehensively reviews the state of the art in the application of advanced design and development technologies in medicine. It also includes a reference source of peer-reviewed case studies describing the practical application of anatomical scanning, computer-aided design (CAD), rapid prototyping (RP), and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) techniques in a broad range of research, medical, and surgical applications. Contents 6 Preface 10 Acknowledgements 12 1: Introduction 14 1.1 Background 14 1.2 The human form 16 1.3 Basic anatomical terminology 17 2: Medical imaging for rapid prototyping 21 2.1 Introduction to medical imaging 21 2.2 Computed Tomography (CT) 22 2.3 Magnetic Resonance (MR) 32 2.4 Non-contact surface scanning 38 2.5 Recommended reading 44 3: Export data format and media 45 3.1 Medical scan data 45 3.2 Point cloud data 47 3.3 Media 48 4: Working with medical scan data 50 4.1 Pixel data operations 50 4.2 Using CT data – a worked example 55 4.3 Point cloud data operations 58 4.4 Two-dimensional formats 60 4.5 Pseudo three-dimensional formats 60 4.6 True three-dimensional formats 63 5: Physical reproduction – rapid prototyping technologies 72 5.1 Background to rapid prototyping 72 5.2 Stereolithography (SL) 85 5.3 Digital Light Processing (DLPTM) 89 5.4 Fused Deposition Modelling (FDMTM) 91 5.5 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS®) 94 5.6 Three-dimensional printing 100 5.7 Jetting head technology 102 5.8 Laminated Object Manufacture (LOMTM) 104 5.9 Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) machining 107 6: Case studies 110 Implementation 112 6.1 Implementation case study 1: The development of a collaborative medical modelling service – organisational and technical considerations 112 6.2 Implementation case study 2: Medical rapid prototyping technologies – state of the art and current limitations for application in oral and maxillofacial surgery 123 Surgical applications 141 6.3 Surgical applications case study 1: Planning osseointegrated implants using computer-aided design and rapid prototyping 141 6.4 Surgical applications case study 2: The use of a reconstructed three-dimensional solid model from CT to aid the surgical management of a total knee arthroplasty 149 6.5 Surgical applications case study 3: The custom-made titanium orbital fl oor prosthesis in reconstruction of orbital fl oor fractures 154 6.6 Surgical applications case study 4: Rapid manufacture of custom fi tting surgical guides 161 6.7 Surgical applications case study 5: The use of threedimensional technology in the multidisciplinary management of facial disproportion 172 Rehabilitation applications 178 6.8 Rehabilitation applications case study 1: An investigation of three-dimensional scanning of human body surfaces and its use in the design and manufacture of prostheses 178 6.9 Rehabilitation applications case study 2: Producing burns therapy conformers using non-contact scanning and rapid prototyping 186 6.10 Rehabilitation applications case study 3: An appropriate approach to computer-aided design and manufacture of cranioplasty plates 195 6.11 Rehabilitation applications case study 4: The appropriate application of computer-aided design and manufacture techniques in silicone facial prosthetics 207 6.12 Rehabilitation applications case study 5: Evaluation of advanced technologies in the design and manufacture of an implant retained facial prosthesis 218 6.13 Rehabilitation applications case study 6: The computeraided design and rapid prototyping fabrication of removable partial denture frameworks 232 6.14 Rehabilitation applications case study 7: Rapid manufacture of removable partial denture frameworks 246 Research applications 257 6.15 Research applications case study 1: Bone structure models using stereolithography 257 6.16 Research applications case study 2: Producing physical models from CT scans of ancient Egyptian mummies 266 6.17 Research applications case study 3: Recreating skin texture relief using computer-aided design and rapid prototyping 275 7: Future developments 289 7.1 Background 289 7.2 Scanning techniques 289 7.3 Data fusion 291 7.4 Communication 291 7.5 Rapid prototyping 291 7.6 Tissue engineering 292 Glossary and explanatory notes 293 Bibliography 298 Index 308 Color plates 312 "ISBN-13:,9781845691387" ISBN-13: 9781845691387 Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 10 Acknowledgements......Page 12 1.1 Background......Page 14 1.2 The human form......Page 16 1.3 Basic anatomical terminology......Page 17 2.1 Introduction to medical imaging......Page 21 2.2 Computed Tomography (CT)......Page 22 2.3 Magnetic Resonance (MR)......Page 32 2.4 Non-contact surface scanning......Page 38 2.5 Recommended reading......Page 44 3.1 Medical scan data......Page 45 3.2 Point cloud data......Page 47 3.3 Media......Page 48 4.1 Pixel data operations......Page 50 4.2 Using CT data – a worked example......Page 55 4.3 Point cloud data operations......Page 58 4.5 Pseudo three-dimensional formats......Page 60 4.6 True three-dimensional formats......Page 63 5.1 Background to rapid prototyping......Page 72 5.2 Stereolithography (SL)......Page 85 5.3 Digital Light Processing (DLPTM)......Page 89 5.4 Fused Deposition Modelling (FDMTM)......Page 91 5.5 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS®)......Page 94 5.6 Three-dimensional printing......Page 100 5.7 Jetting head technology......Page 102 5.8 Laminated Object Manufacture (LOMTM)......Page 104 5.9 Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) machining......Page 107 6: Case studies......Page 110 6.1 Implementation case study 1: The development of a collaborative medical modelling service – organisational and technical considerations......Page 112 6.2 Implementation case study 2: Medical rapid prototyping technologies – state of the art and current limitations for application in oral and maxillofacial surgery......Page 123 6.3 Surgical applications case study 1: Planning osseointegrated implants using computer-aided design and rapid prototyping......Page 141 6.4 Surgical applications case study 2: The use of a reconstructed three-dimensional solid model from CT to aid the surgical management of a total knee arthroplasty......Page 149 6.5 Surgical applications case study 3: The custom-made titanium orbital fl oor prosthesis in reconstruction of orbital fl oor fractures......Page 154 6.6 Surgical applications case study 4: Rapid manufacture of custom fi tting surgical guides......Page 161 6.7 Surgical applications case study 5: The use of threedimensional technology in the multidisciplinary management of facial disproportion......Page 172 6.8 Rehabilitation applications case study 1: An investigation of three-dimensional scanning of human body surfaces and its use in the design and manufacture of prostheses......Page 178 6.9 Rehabilitation applications case study 2: Producing burns therapy conformers using non-contact scanning and rapid prototyping......Page 186 6.10 Rehabilitation applications case study 3: An appropriate approach to computer-aided design and manufacture of cranioplasty plates......Page 195 6.11 Rehabilitation applications case study 4: The appropriate application of computer-aided design and manufacture techniques in silicone facial prosthetics......Page 207 6.12 Rehabilitation applications case study 5: Evaluation of advanced technologies in the design and manufacture of an implant retained facial prosthesis......Page 218 6.13 Rehabilitation applications case study 6: The computeraided design and rapid prototyping fabrication of removable partial denture frameworks......Page 232 6.14 Rehabilitation applications case study 7: Rapid manufacture of removable partial denture frameworks......Page 246 6.15 Research applications case study 1: Bone structure models using stereolithography......Page 257 6.16 Research applications case study 2: Producing physical models from CT scans of ancient Egyptian mummies......Page 266 6.17 Research applications case study 3: Recreating skin texture relief using computer-aided design and rapid prototyping......Page 275 7.2 Scanning techniques......Page 289 7.5 Rapid prototyping......Page 291 7.6 Tissue engineering......Page 292 Glossary and explanatory notes......Page 293 Bibliography......Page 298 Index......Page 308 Color plates......Page 312 Research into medical modelling and the application of design and product development technologies in medicine and surgery requires a multidisciplinary approach. Designed to be accessible to all disciplines, with medical and technical terms explained as clearly and simply as possible, Medical modelling provides a genuinely useful text to help the broadest possible range of professionals to understand not only the technologies, techniques and methods, but also what is required to apply them in medical treatments.

Medical modelling describes steps in the process from acquisition of medical scan data, transfer and translation of data formats, methods of utilising the data and finally using the information to produce physical models using rapid prototyping techniques for use in surgery or prosthetic rehabilitation. Technologies are fully described, highlighting their key characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. A series of case studies illustrates a broad range of medical applications. These case studies are taken from the collective experience of the National Centre for Product Design & Development Research, Medical Applications Group and their clinical partners, and have been chosen to reflect the widest possible variety of techniques used. Future developments in technology and applications in this dynamic and fast-moving field are also considered.

This book will appeal to the wide variety of professionals who undertake collaborative research, development and treatment of human physical conditions using advanced computer-aided design and manufacturing techniques and technologies, including medical and clinical engineers and physicists, clinical technologists, rehabilitation engineers, design engineers in medical device design and manufacture, consultant surgeons and specialists in, for example, orthopaedics, orthodontics, and prosthetics.

• A comprehensive review of design and development technologies in medicine
• Designed to be accessible to all disciplines, with medical and technical terms explained as clearly and simply as possible
• Includes a series of case studies

"Research into medical modelling and the application of design and product development technologies in medicine and surgery requires a multidisciplinary approach. Designed to be accessible to all disciplines, with medical and technical terms explained as clearly and simply as possible, Medical modelling will help a broad range of professionals to understand the technologies, techniques and methods, and how to apply them in medical treatments. Medical modelling describes acquisition of medical scan data, transfer and translation of data formats, methods of utilising the data and finally using the information to produce physical models using rapid prototyping techniques for surgery or prosthetic rehabilitation."--BOOK JACKET This authoritative book describes the key steps in modelling from acquisition of medical scan data, transfer and translation of data formats, methods of utilising the data and finally using the information to produce physical models using rapid prototyping techniques.