Medical Biotechnology (ASM Books)

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Because of advances in biotechnology, hundreds of new therapeutic agents, diagnostic tests, and vaccines have been developed and are available in the marketplace. In this jargon-free, easy-to-read textbook, the authors demystify the discipline of medical biotechnology and present a roadmap that provides a fundamental understanding of the wide-ranging approaches pursued by scientists to diagnose, prevent, and treat medical conditions. Medical Biotechnology is written to educate premed and medical students, dental students, pharmacists, optometrists, nurses, nutritionists, genetic counselors, hospital administrators, and individuals who are stakeholders in the understanding and advancement of biotechnology and its impact on the practice of modern medicine. -- Cubierta. Machine generated contents note: SECTION I The Biology behind the Technology -- 1.Fundamental Technologies -- Molecular Cloning -- Preparation of DNA for Cloning -- Insertion of Target DNA into a Plasmid Vector -- Transformation and Selection of Cloned DNA in a Bacterial Host -- Cloning Eukaryotic Genes -- Recombinational Cloning -- Genomic Libraries -- Amplification of DNA Using PCR -- DNA Sequencing Technologies -- Dideoxynucleotide Procedure -- Pyrosequencing -- Sequencing Using Reversible Chain Terminators -- Sequencing by Ligation -- Sequencing Whole Genomes -- Shotgun Cloning Strategy -- High-Throughput Next-Generation Sequencing Strategies -- Genomics -- Transcriptomics -- Proteomics -- Metabolomics -- Summary -- Review Questions -- References -- 2.Fundamental Concepts in Immunology -- The Immune Response -- Overview of Infection and Immunity -- Functions of the Immune System -- Innate Immunity -- Adaptive Immunity -- Cells of the Immune System: Cell-Mediated Immunity -- Contents note continued: Bone Marrow Precursor Cells -- Myeloid Cells Mediate Innate Immunity -- Lymphocytes -- Antigen-Presenting Cells -- Effector Cells -- Tissues of the Immune System -- Peripheral Lymphoid Organs -- Lymphocyte Recirculation and Migration into Tissues -- Antigen Recognition by T Cells -- Humoral Immunity -- Structure of Immunoglobulins -- Functions of Immunoglobulins -- Types of Antibodies: Applications -- Polyclonal Antibodies -- Antisera -- Monoclonal Antibodies -- Recombinant Antibodies -- Immunological Techniques -- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -- Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay -- Flow Cytometry -- Mass Cytometry -- Two-Photon Intravital Cell Imaging -- Summary -- Review Questions -- References -- 3.The Genetic Basis of Disease -- Chromosomal Disorders and Gene Mapping -- Chromosomes and Chromosome Abnormalities -- Human Genome Mapping -- Genome-Wide Association Studies -- Single-Gene Disorders -- Mode of Inheritance -- Thalassemia -- Contents note continued: Sickle-Cell Anemia -- Hemophilia -- Cystic Fibrosis -- Tay-Sachs Disease -- Fragile X Syndrome -- Huntington Disease -- Polygenic Disorders and Gene Clustering -- GWAS Strategies To Map Genes for Polygenic Disease -- Breast Cancer -- Alzheimer Disease -- Type 1 Diabetes -- Cardiovascular Disease -- Mitochondrial Disorders -- Disorders -- Genetics -- Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Parkinson Disease -- Prevalence -- Diagnosis and Prognosis -- Treatment -- Summary -- Review Questions -- References -- 4.Immune Pathogenesis -- Models of Immune System Lesions -- Immunological Tolerance -- Failure of Immune Tolerance and Development of Autoimmune Disease -- Immune Surveillance against Tumors -- Immune Evasion by Tumors -- Inflammation and Immune Hypersensitivity Disorders -- Types of Inflammation and Associated Immune Hypersensitivity Reactions -- Immediate Hypersensitivity -- Therapy for Immediate Hypersensitivity -- Contents note continued: Antibody- and Antigen-Antibody Complex-Induced Disease -- T-Cell-Mediated Diseases -- Immunodeficiency Disorders and Defects in Development of the Immune System -- Primary Immunodeficiencies -- Secondary Immunodeficiencies -- Aids -- Summary -- Review Questions -- References -- 5.Microbial Pathogenesis -- Introduction -- Bacterial Infections -- Attachment to Host Cells -- Invasion and Dissemination -- Evasion of Host Defenses and Proliferation -- Damage to Host Tissues -- Identification of Bacterial Virulence Factors -- Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens -- Treatment of Bacterial Infections -- Viral Infections -- Attachment and Entry -- Viral Gene Expression and Replication -- Virus Assembly and Release -- General Patterns of Viral Infections of Humans -- Targets for Treatment of Viral Infections -- Summary -- Review Questions -- References -- SECTION II Production of Therapeutic Agents -- 6.Modulation of Gene Expression -- Contents note continued: Manipulating Gene Expression in Prokaryotes -- Promoters -- Translational Regulation -- Codon Usage -- Protein Stability -- Fusion Proteins -- Metabolic Load -- Chromosomal Integration -- Increasing Secretion -- Overcoming Oxygen Limitation -- Reducing Acetate -- Protein Folding -- Heterologous Protein Production in Eukaryotic Cells -- Eukaryotic Expression Systems -- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Expression Systems -- Other Yeast Expression Systems -- Baculovirus--Insect Cell Expression Systems -- Mammalian Cell Expression Systems -- Directed Mutagenesis -- Oligonucleotide-Directed Mutagenesis with M13 DNA -- Oligonucleotide-Directed Mutagenesis with Plasmid DNA -- PCR-Amplified Oligonucleotide-Directed Mutagenesis -- Error-Prone PCR -- Random Mutagenesis -- DNA Shuffling -- Examples of Modified Proteins -- Summary -- Review Questions -- References -- 7.Genetic Engineering of Plants -- Plant Transformation with the Ti Plasmid of A. tumefaciens -- Contents note continued: Physical Transfer of Genes to Plants -- Chloroplast Engineering -- Transient Gene Expression -- Molecular Pharming -- Therapeutic Agents -- Antibodies -- Edible Vaccines -- Summary -- Review Questions -- References -- SECTION III Diagnosing and Treating Human Disease -- 8.Molecular Diagnostics -- Immunological Approaches To Detect Protein Biomarkers of Disease -- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays -- Measuring Disease-Associated Proteins by Sandwich ELISA -- Diagnosing Autoimmune Diseases by an Indirect ELISA -- Immunoassays for Infectious Disease -- Protein Arrays To Detect Polygenic Diseases -- Immunoassays for Protein Conformation-Specific Disorders -- DNA-Based Approaches to Disease Diagnosis -- Hybridization Probes -- Allele-Specific Hybridization -- Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay -- Padlock Probes -- Allele-Specific PCR -- TaqMan PCR -- Real-Time PCR To Detect Infectious Disease -- Contents note continued: Detection of Multiple Disease-Associated Mutations Using Microarrays -- Detection of Epigenetic Markers -- Detection of SNPs by Mass Spectrometry -- Detecting RNA Signatures of Disease -- Detection of Disease-Associated Changes in Gene Expression Using Microarrays -- Detection of RNA Signatures of Antibiotic Resistance in Human Pathogens -- Detection of miRNA Signatures of Cancers -- Summary -- Review Questions -- References -- 9.Protein Therapeutics -- Pharmaceuticals -- Interferon -- Human Growth Hormone -- Tumor Necrosis Factor -- Targeting Mitochondria -- Extending Protein Half-Life -- Engineered Bacteriophages -- Recombinant Antibodies -- Preventing Rejection of Transplanted Organs -- Hybrid Human--Mouse Monoclonal Antibodies -- Human Monoclonal Antibodies -- Antibody Fragments -- Combinatorial Libraries of Antibody Fragments -- Anticancer Antibodies -- Antianthrax Antibodies -- Antiobesity Antibodies -- Enhanced Antibody Half-Life -- Enzymes -- Contents note continued: DNasel -- Alginate Lyase -- Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase -- [alpha]1-Antitrypsin -- Glycosidases -- Lactic Acid Bacteria -- Interleukin-10 -- Leptin -- An HIV Inhibitor -- Insulin -- Summary -- Review Questions -- References -- 10.Nucleic Acid Therapeutic Agents and Human Gene Therapy -- Treating Genetic and Nongenetic Disorders -- Targeting Specific mRNAs and DNAs -- Antisense RNA -- Aptamers -- Ribozymes -- DNAzymes -- Interfering RNA -- Zinc Finger Nucleases -- Viral Delivery Systems -- Gammaretrovirus -- Lentivirus -- Adeno-Associated Virus -- Adenovirus -- Herpes Simplex Virus 1 -- Nonviral Nucleic Acid Delivery Systems -- Direct Injection -- Lipids -- Bacteria -- Dendrimers -- Antibodies -- Aptamers -- Transposons -- Prodrug Activation Therapy -- Gene Therapy -- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency -- Cancer -- Eye Disorders -- Muscle Disorders -- Neurological Disorders -- Summary -- Review Questions -- References -- 11.Vaccines -- Contents note continued: Vaccination: Overview -- Advantages -- Limitations -- Current Vaccine Design -- Subunit Vaccines -- Herpes Simplex Virus -- Cholera -- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -- Staphylococcus aureus -- Human Papillomavirus -- Peptide Vaccines -- Malaria -- Cancer -- Autoimmune Disease -- Allergy -- Dendritic Cell Vaccines -- Human Immunodeficiency Virus -- Cancer -- DNA Vaccines -- Delivery and Immune Mechanisms of Action -- Advantages and Disadvantages -- Improved Efficacy and Immunogenicity -- Attenuated Vaccines -- Cholera -- Salmonella Species -- Leishmania Species -- Poliovirus -- Influenza Virus -- Dengue Virus -- Vector Vaccines -- Vaccines Directed against Viruses -- Vaccines Directed against Bacteria -- Bacteria as Antigen Delivery Systems -- Adjuvants -- Systems Biology and Evaluation of Vaccines -- Summary -- Review Questions -- References -- 12.Societal Issues -- Safety and Ethical Issues -- Regulation of New Drugs -- Contents note continued: Regulation of Genetic and Genomic Testing -- Patenting Biotechnology -- Patenting -- Patenting in Different Countries -- Patenting DNA Sequences -- Patenting Living Organisms -- Patenting and Fundamental Research -- Economic Issues -- Summary -- Review Questions -- References. Bernard R. Glick, Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada ; Terry L. Delovitch, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada ; Cheryl L. Patten, Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. Includes bibliographical references and index. A brand-new, groundbreaking textbook that illustrates how biotechnology has radically changed the way we think about health care. Biotechnology is delivering not only new products to diagnose, prevent, and treat human disease but entirely new approaches to a wide range of difficult biomedical challenges. Because of advances in biotechnology, hundreds of new therapeutic agents, diagnostic tests, and vaccines have been developed and are available in the marketplace. In this jargon-free, easy-to-read textbook, the authors demystify the discipline of medical biotechnology and present a roadmap that provides a fundamental understanding of the wide-ranging approaches pursued by scientists to diagnose, prevent, and treat medical conditions. Medical Biotechnology is written to educate premed and medical students, dental students, pharmacists, optometrists, nurses, nutritionists, genetic counselors, hospital administrators, and individuals who are stakeholders in the understanding and advancement of biotechnology and its impact on the practice of modern medicine. For more on the book and information on requesting an examination copy please visit http://www.asmscience.org/examrequest/requestform Hardcover, 700 pages, full-color illustrations throughout, glossary, index. Interested in purchasing this title as an electronic publication? Click here for the electronic version on Vital Source!Click here for the electronic version on RedShelf! The future is now this groundbreaking textbook illustrates how biotechnology has radically changed the way we think about health care Biotechnology is delivering not only new products to diagnose, prevent, and treat human disease but entirely new approaches to a wide range of difficult biomedical challenges. Because of advances in biotechnology, hundreds of new therapeutic agents, diagnostic tests, and vaccines have been developed and are available in the marketplace. In this jargon-free, easy-to-read textbook, the authors demystify the discipline of medical biotechnology and present a roadmap that provides a fundamental understanding of the wide-ranging approaches pursued by scientists to diagnose, prevent, and treat medical conditions. "Medical Biotechnology" is written to educate premed and medical students, dental students, pharmacists, optometrists, nurses, nutritionists, genetic counselors, hospital administrators, and individuals who are stakeholders in the understanding and advancement of biotechnology and its impact on the practice of modern medicine. " Jargon-free and as easy to read, Medical Biotechnology demystifies the discipline of medical biotechnology. It includes a discussion of some salient features of selected diseases to illustrate the applications of many biotechniques and biochemical mechanisms. Thus, this book may be considered a biomedical roadmap that provides a fundamental understanding of many approaches currently being pursued by scientists to diagnose, prevent and treat a wide range of ailments. It was written as a textbook for a wide range of courses intended for pre-med and medical students, dental students, pharmacists, optometrists, nurses, nutritionists, genetic counselors, hospital administrators, and individuals who are stakeholders in the understanding and advancement of biotechnology and its impact on the practice of modern medicine.