Medical assisting : administrative and clinical procedures with anatomy and physiology

Cover......Page 1 Medical Assisting......Page 2 About the Authors......Page 6 Brief Contents......Page 7 Contents......Page 8 Procedures......Page 22 Digital Exercises and Activities......Page 25 A Closer Look......Page 28 A Guided Tour......Page 31 Digital Materials for Medical Assisting......Page 34 Additional Supplementary Materials......Page 37 Acknowledgments......Page 38 Chapter 1 Introduction to Medical Assisting......Page 40 1.1 Responsibilities of the Medical Assistant......Page 41 1.2 Medical Assisting Organizations......Page 43 1.3 Medical Assistant Credentials......Page 44 1.4 Training Programs......Page 46 1.5 Professional Development......Page 47 PROCEDURE 1-1: Obtaining Certification/Registration Information Through the Internet......Page 48 Chapter 2 Healthcare and the Healthcare Team......Page 51 2.1 Healthcare Trends......Page 52 2.2 Medical Specialties......Page 54 2.3 Working with Other Healthcare Professionals......Page 57 2.4 Specialty Career Options......Page 60 2.5 Healthcare Professional Associations......Page 63 Chapter 3 Professionalism and Success......Page 67 3.1 Professionalism in Medical Assisting......Page 68 3.2 Professional Behaviors......Page 69 3.3 Strategies for Success......Page 74 PROCEDURE 3-1: Self-Evaluation of Professional Behaviors......Page 78 ActivSim: Cindy Chen......Page 82 4.1 Elements of Communication......Page 84 4.2 Human Behavior and Needs......Page 85 4.3 Types of Communication......Page 87 4.4 Improving Your Communication Skills......Page 88 4.5 Therapeutic Communication Skills......Page 89 Skills Video: Communicating with the Anxious Patient......Page 91 Skills Video: Communicating Effectively with Patients from Other Cultures and Meeting their Needs for Privacy......Page 93 4.7 Communicating with Coworkers......Page 95 PROCEDURE 4-1: Communicating with the Anxious Patient......Page 96 PROCEDURE 4-3: Communicating with the Assistance of an Interpreter......Page 97 Practice Medical Office: Admin: Check In – Interactions......Page 100 ActivSim: Cindy Chen......Page 101 5.1 Laws and Ethics......Page 103 5.2 The Physician-Patient Contract......Page 105 5.3 Preventing Malpractice Claims......Page 108 5.4 Administrative Procedures and the Law......Page 112 5.5 Federal Legislation Affecting Healthcare......Page 115 5.6 Confidentiality Issues and Mandatory Disclosure......Page 122 5.7 Ethics......Page 124 5.8 Legal Medical Practice Models......Page 125 PROCEDURE 5-2: Completing a Privacy Violation Complaint Form......Page 127 PROCEDURE 5-3: Obtaining Authorization to Release Health Information......Page 128 Practice Medical Office: Admin: Check In – Privacy and Liability......Page 131 ActivSim: Shenya Jones......Page 132 6.1 Occupational Safety and Health Administration......Page 133 6.2 The Cycle of Infection......Page 134 6.3 OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard and Universal Precautions......Page 137 6.4 Transmission-Based Precautions......Page 142 6.5 OSHA-Required Education and Training......Page 143 PROCEDURE 6-1: Aseptic Handwashing......Page 144 PROCEDURE 6-4: Disposing of Biohazardous Waste......Page 145 Practice Medical Office: Admin: Check In – Office Operations......Page 147 ActivSim: Peter Smith......Page 148 7.2 OSHA Hazard Communication Standard......Page 150 7.3 Electrical Safety......Page 151 7.4 Fire Safety......Page 152 7.5 Chemical Safety......Page 154 7.6 Ergonomics and Physical Safety......Page 155 7.7 Preventing Injury in the Front Office......Page 157 7.8 Design of the Reception Area......Page 159 7.9 The Importance of Cleanliness......Page 162 7.10 Office Access for All......Page 164 7.11 Functions of the Reception Staff......Page 167 7.12 Opening and Closing the Office......Page 168 PROCEDURE 7-1: Handling a Fire Emergency......Page 169 PROCEDURE 7-3: Creating a Pediatric Reception Area......Page 171 PROCEDURE 7-5: Opening and Closing the Medical Office......Page 172 Practice Medical Office: Admin: Check In – Work Task Proficiencies......Page 176 Chapter 8 Office Equipment and Supplies......Page 177 8.1 Computers......Page 178 8.2 Components of the Computer......Page 180 8.3 Software......Page 182 8.4 Software Training......Page 185 8.5 Selecting Computer Equipment......Page 186 8.7 Security in the Computerized Office......Page 187 8.8 Administrative Medical Office Equipment......Page 188 8.9 Purchasing Decisions for Office Equipment......Page 193 8.10 Maintaining Office Equipment......Page 194 8.11 Maintaining Medical Office Supplies......Page 196 SKILLS VIDEO: Establishing and Conducting the Supply Inventory and Receiving Supplies......Page 199 8.13 Ordering Supplies......Page 201 PROCEDURE 8-2: Using a Photocopier Machine......Page 208 PROCEDURE 8-4: Using a Check-Writing Machine......Page 209 PROCEDURE 8-5: Step-by-Step Overview of Inventory Procedures......Page 210 Practice Medical Office: Admin: Check In – Office Operations......Page 213 ActivSim: Shenya Jones......Page 214 9.1 The Exam Room......Page 215 9.2 Sanitization and Disinfection......Page 216 9.3 Preparation of the Exam and Treatment Areas......Page 219 9.4 Room Temperature, Lighting, and Ventilation......Page 221 9.5 Medical Instruments and Supplies......Page 222 PROCEDURE 9-2: Guidelines for Disinfecting Exam Room Surfaces......Page 225 Practice Medical Office: Clinical – Office Operations......Page 228 ActivSim: Valarie Ramirez......Page 229 10.2 Selecting Document Supplies......Page 230 10.3 Effective Writing......Page 232 10.4 Medical Office Documents and Correspondence......Page 234 10.5 Written Communication Using Electronic Format......Page 237 10.6 Editing and Proofreading......Page 242 10.7 Preparing Outgoing Mail......Page 244 10.8 Mailing Options......Page 248 10.9 Processing Incoming Mail......Page 251 PROCEDURE 10-1: Creating a Professional Letter......Page 252 PROCEDURE 10-3: Composing a Professional E-mail Message......Page 253 PROCEDURE 10-5: Sorting and Opening Mail......Page 254 Practice Medical Office: Admin: Check In – Privacy and Liability......Page 257 ActivSim: Mohammad Nassar......Page 258 11.1 The Importance of Medical Records......Page 259 Skills Video: Registering a New Patient......Page 261 Skills Video: Initiating a Paper-Based Patient Medical Record......Page 266 11.3 Types of Medical Records......Page 268 11.4 Documentation and the 6 Cs of Charting......Page 271 11.5 Appearance, Timeliness, and Accuracy of Records......Page 273 Skills Video: Correcting the Patient Medical Record......Page 275 11.7 Responding to Release of Records Request......Page 276 PROCEDURE 11-2: Correcting Paper Medical Records......Page 278 PROCEDURE 11-3: Entering (Adding) Information into a Paper Medical Record......Page 279 Practice Medical Office: Admin: Check In – Privacy and Liability......Page 282 ActivSim: Ken Washington......Page 283 12.2 Electronic Records......Page 284 12.3 Meaningful Use and the EHR......Page 286 12.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of EHR Programs......Page 287 12.5 Working with an Electronic Health Record......Page 288 12.6 Other Functions of EHR Programs......Page 289 Skills Video: PHI Authorization to Release Health Information......Page 292 PROCEDURE 12-2: Making an Addition or Addendum (Correction) to an Electronic Health Record......Page 293 PROCEDURE 12-4: Scheduling a Patient Appointment Using an Electronic Scheduler......Page 294 Practice Medical Office: Admin: Check Out – Privacy and Liability......Page 297 Chapter 13 Managing Medical Records......Page 298 13.1 Filing Equipment......Page 299 13.2 Security and Safety Measures......Page 300 13.4 Filing Systems......Page 301 13.5 The Filing Process......Page 306 13.6 Active, Inactive, and Closed Files......Page 308 PROCEDURE 13-1: Creating a Filing System for Paper Medical Records......Page 310 PROCEDURE 13-3: Developing a Records Retention Program......Page 311 Practice Medical Office: Admin: Check Out – Work Task Proficiencies......Page 314 Chapter 14 Telephone Techniques......Page 315 14.1 Telecommunications Equipment......Page 316 14.2 Effective Telephone Communication......Page 319 14.3 Telephone Etiquette......Page 320 14.4 Types of Incoming Calls......Page 322 Skills Video: Manage a Prescription Refill......Page 323 14.5 Managing Incoming Calls......Page 327 14.6 Taking Complete and Accurate Phone Messages......Page 329 14.7 Placing Outgoing Calls......Page 330 PROCEDURE 14-2: Renewing a Prescription by Telephone......Page 332 PROCEDURE 14-3: Screening and Routing Telephone Calls......Page 333 PROCEDURE 14-4: Handling Emergency Calls......Page 334 PROCEDURE 14-5: Retrieving Messages from an Answering Service or System......Page 335 Practice Medical Office: Admin: Check In – Office Operations......Page 337 ActivSim: Sylvia Gonzales......Page 338 15.1 The Educated Patient......Page 339 15.3 Teaching Techniques......Page 340 15.4 Patient Education Materials......Page 341 15.5 Promoting Health and Wellness Through Education......Page 345 15.6 The Patient Information Packet......Page 347 15.7 Patient Education Prior to Surgery......Page 350 PROCEDURE 15-2: Identifying Community Resources......Page 353 PROCEDURE 15-3: Locating Credible Patient Education Information on the Internet......Page 354 PROCEDURE 15-5: Outpatient Surgery Teaching......Page 355 Practice Medical Office: Admin: Check Out – Interactions......Page 358 ActivSim: John Miller......Page 359 16.1 The Appointment Book......Page 360 16.2 Applying the Matrix......Page 361 16.3 Appointment Scheduling Systems......Page 365 16.4 Organizing and Scheduling Appointments......Page 368 16.5 Special Scheduling Situations......Page 371 Skills Video: Scheduling Outpatient Surgical Appointments......Page 374 Skills Video: Scheduling Inpatient Surgical Appointments......Page 375 PROCEDURE 16-1: Creating an Appointment Matrix......Page 377 PROCEDURE 16-3: Completing the Patient Appointment Card......Page 378 PROCEDURE 16-5: Scheduling Outpatient Surgical Appointments......Page 379 PROCEDURE 16-6: Scheduling Inpatient Surgical Appointments......Page 380 Practice Medical Office: Admin: Check Out - Work Task Proficiencies......Page 383 ActivSim: Sylvia Gonzales......Page 384 17.1 Basic Insurance Terminology......Page 385 17.2 Private Health Plans......Page 386 17.3 Government Plans......Page 390 17.4 Payer Payment Systems......Page 396 17.5 The Claims Process: An Overview......Page 399 Skills Video: Requesting Prior Authorization......Page 401 17.6 Preparing and Transmitting the Healthcare Claim......Page 403 17.7 Transmitting Electronic Claims......Page 412 17.8 Insurer Processing Claims and Payments......Page 413 PROCEDURE 17-1: Verifying Workers’ Compensation Coverage......Page 415 PROCEDURE 17-3: Completing the CMS-1500 Claim Form......Page 416 PROCEDURE 17-4: Tracking Insurance Claims Submissions......Page 418 Practice Medical Office: Admin: Check In – Work Task Proficiencies......Page 421 ActivSim: Cindy Chen......Page 422 18.1 The Reasons for Diagnosis Codes......Page 423 18.2 A Basic Comparison of ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM......Page 424 18.3 An Overview of ICD-10......Page 426 18.4 Coding with ICD-10......Page 430 18.5 External Cause of Injury and Health Status Codes......Page 434 18.6 Synopsis of ICD-10 Coding Guidelines by Chapter......Page 436 PROCEDURE 18-2: Locating a Health Status (Z) Code......Page 442 PROCEDURE 18-3: Locating an External Cause Code......Page 443 Electronic Health Records: Maintaining the ICD-10 Database......Page 445 Practice Medical Office: Admin: Check Out – Office Operations......Page 446 ActivSim: Raja Lautu......Page 447 19.1 The CPT Manual......Page 448 19.2 General CPT Guidelines......Page 450 19.3 Evaluation and Management Services......Page 456 19.4 Surgical Coding......Page 458 19.5 Using the CPT Manual......Page 462 19.7 Coding Compliance......Page 463 PROCEDURE 19-2: Locating a HCPCS Code......Page 465 PROCEDURE 19-3: Entering CPT/HCPCS and ICD Codes into an EHR Program......Page 466 Electronic Health Records: Maintaining the CPT Database......Page 468 Practice Medical Office: Admin: Check Out – Work Task Proficiencies......Page 469 Chapter 20 Patient Collections and Financial Management......Page 470 20.2 Medical Office Accounting Methods......Page 472 20.3 In-Office Transactions......Page 476 20.4 Standard Billing Procedures......Page 480 20.5 Standard Collection Procedures......Page 482 Skills Video: Posting Charges, Payments, and Adjustments......Page 484 20.6 Laws That Govern Credit and Collections......Page 485 20.7 Credit Arrangements......Page 487 20.8 Common Collection Problems......Page 489 20.9 Banking and Negotiable Instruments......Page 491 20.10 Preparing a Bank Deposit......Page 493 20.11 Reconciling the Bank Statement......Page 494 20.12 Electronic Banking......Page 496 20.13 Accounts Payable and Managing Disbursements......Page 497 PROCEDURE 20-1: Posting Charges, Payments, and Adjustments......Page 499 PROCEDURE 20-3: Posting a Nonsufficient Funds (NSF) Check......Page 500 PROCEDURE 20-6: Preparing an Age Analysis......Page 501 PROCEDURE 20-7: Referring an Account to a Collection Agency and Posting the Payment from the Agency......Page 502 PROCEDURE 20-9: Making a Bank Deposit......Page 503 PROCEDURE 20-10: Reconciling the Bank Statement......Page 504 PROCEDURE 20-11: Setting Up the Disbursements Journal......Page 505 Practice Medical Office: Admin: Check Out – Work Task Proficiencies......Page 508 ActivSim: John Miller......Page 509 21.1 The Study of the Body......Page 510 21.3 Major Tissue Types......Page 511 21.4 Body Organs and Systems......Page 513 21.6 Anatomical Terminology......Page 516 21.7 Body Cavities and Abdominal Regions......Page 517 21.8 Chemistry of Life......Page 518 Body Animat3: Basic Chemistry (Organic Molecules)......Page 519 Body Animat3: Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances......Page 521 21.11 Cell Division......Page 523 21.12 Genetic Techniques......Page 524 21.13 Heredity and Common Genetic Disorders......Page 525 21.14 Pathophysiology: Common Genetic Disorders......Page 526 ActivSim: Christopher Matthews......Page 530 22.2 Skin Structure......Page 531 22.3 Skin Color......Page 532 22.4 Skin Lesions......Page 533 22.5 Accessory Organs......Page 534 Body Animat3: Inflammation......Page 536 22.7 Pathophysiology: Common Diseases and Disorders of the Skin......Page 537 Body Animat3: Burns......Page 538 ActivSim: John Miller......Page 545 23.1 Bone Structure......Page 546 23.3 Bone Growth......Page 548 23.5 The Skull......Page 550 23.7 The Rib Cage......Page 552 23.8 Bones of the Shoulders, Arms, and Hands......Page 554 23.9 Bones of the Hips, Legs, and Feet......Page 555 23.11 Pathophysiology: Common Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal System......Page 556 Body Animat3: Osteoarthritis vs. Rheumatoid Arthritis......Page 557 Body Animat3: Osteoporosis......Page 559 ActivSim: Ken Washington......Page 563 24.2 Muscle Cells and Tissue......Page 564 24.3 Production of Energy for Muscle......Page 566 24.5 Attachments and Actions of Skeletal Muscles......Page 567 24.6 Major Skeletal Muscles......Page 568 24.8 Pathophysiology: Common Diseases and Disorders of the Muscular System......Page 574 ActivSim: John Miller......Page 579 25.1 The Heart......Page 580 25.2 Cardiac Cycle......Page 582 Body Animat3: Cardiac Cycle......Page 583 25.3 Blood Vessels......Page 584 25.4 Circulation......Page 587 25.5 Blood Pressure......Page 588 Body Animat3: Hypertension......Page 590 Body Animat3: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)......Page 591 Body Animat3: Right-Side Heart Failure......Page 592 ActivSim: Cindy Chen......Page 597 26.1 Components of Blood......Page 598 26.2 Bleeding Control......Page 601 26.4 The Rh Factor......Page 602 26.5 Pathophysiology: Common Diseases and Disorders of the Blood System......Page 604 ActivSim: Cindy Chen......Page 609 27.1 The Lymphatic System......Page 610 Body Animat3: Lymph and Lymph Node Circulation......Page 611 27.2 Defenses Against Disease......Page 613 27.4 Immune Responses and Acquired Immunities......Page 615 27.5 Pathophysiology: Common Diseases and Disorders of the Immune System......Page 617 Body Animat3: Immune Response: Hypersensitivity......Page 618 Body Animat3: Inflammation......Page 621 ActivSim: Mohammad Nassar......Page 623 28.1 Organs of the Respiratory System......Page 624 28.2 The Mechanisms of Breathing......Page 627 28.4 Respiratory Volumes......Page 628 Body Animat3: Asthma......Page 630 Body Animat3: Respiratory Failure......Page 631 Chapter 29 The Nervous System......Page 638 29.2 Neuron Structure......Page 639 Body Animat3: Nerve Impulse......Page 640 29.4 Central Nervous System......Page 641 Body ANIMAT3: Spinal Cord Injury......Page 645 29.6 Neurologic Testing......Page 648 Body Animat3: Alzheimer’s Disease......Page 650 Body Animat3: Strokes......Page 655 ActivSim: Peter Smith......Page 656 30.1 The Kidneys......Page 657 30.2 Urine Formation......Page 658 30.3 The Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra......Page 660 Body Animat3: Renal Function......Page 662 ActivSim: Raja Lautu......Page 665 31.1 The Male Reproductive System......Page 666 31.2 Pathophysiology: Common Diseases and Disorders of the Male Reproductive System......Page 670 Body Animat3: Prostate Cancer......Page 671 31.3 The Female Reproductive System......Page 672 Body Animat3: Breast Cancer......Page 675 31.5 Pregnancy......Page 677 31.6 The Birth Process......Page 679 31.7 Contraception......Page 681 31.9 Pathophysiology: Sexually Transmitted Infections Occurring in Both Sexes......Page 683 Body Animat3: Meiosis vs Mitosis......Page 687 ActivSim: Sylvia Gonzales......Page 688 32.1 Characteristics of the Alimentary Canal......Page 689 Body Animat3: Food Absorption......Page 695 32.3 The Absorption of Nutrients......Page 696 Body Animat3: Liver Failure......Page 698 ActivSim: Ken Washington......Page 703 33.1 Hormones......Page 704 33.2 Hormone Production......Page 706 33.4 Pathophysiology: Common Diseases and Disorders of the Endocrine System......Page 709 Body Animat3: Type 2 Diabetes......Page 711 Body Animat3: Hyperthyroidism......Page 713 ActivSim: Valarie Ramirez......Page 716 34.1 The Nose and the Sense of Smell......Page 717 34.2 The Tongue and the Sense of Taste......Page 718 34.3 The Eye and the Sense of Sight......Page 719 34.4 Visual Pathways......Page 721 34.5 Pathophysiology: Common Diseases of the Eyes......Page 723 34.6 The Ear and the Senses of Hearing and Equilibrium......Page 724 34.7 The Hearing Process......Page 725 Body Animat3: Hearing Loss: Sensorineural......Page 726 34.8 Pathophysiology: Common Diseases and Disorders of the Ears......Page 727 ActivSim: Ken Washington......Page 731 35.1 Healthcare-Associated Infections......Page 732 35.2 Infection Control Methods......Page 734 35.3 Safe Injection Practices and Sharps Safety......Page 737 35.4 Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette Practices......Page 738 35.6 Surgical Site Infections (SSIs)......Page 740 35.7 Sterilization......Page 741 Skills Video: Wrapping and Labeling Instruments for Sterilization in the Autoclave......Page 742 35.8 Reporting Guidelines for Infectious Diseases......Page 745 PROCEDURE 35-1: Removing Contaminated Gloves......Page 746 PROCEDURE 35-3: Wrapping and Labeling Instruments for Sterilization in the Autoclave......Page 747 PROCEDURE 35-4: Running a Load Through the Autoclave......Page 748 PROCEDURE 35-5: Notifying State and County Agencies About Reportable Diseases......Page 749 Practice Medical Office: Admin: Check Out – Privacy & Liability......Page 753 ActivSim: Peter Smith......Page 754 36.1 The Patient Interview and History......Page 755 36.2 Your Role as an Observer......Page 759 36.3 Documenting Patient Information......Page 761 36.4 Recording the Patient’s Medical History......Page 766 Skills Video: Obtaining a Medical History......Page 769 PROCEDURE 36-1: Using Critical Thinking Skills During an Interview......Page 772 PROCEDURE 36-3: Obtaining a Medical History......Page 773 Practice Medical Office: Clinical – Interactions......Page 775 ActivSim: Mohammad Nassar......Page 776 37.2 Temperature......Page 777 37.3 Pulse and Respiration......Page 781 Skills Video: Measuring and Recording Pulse and Respirations......Page 783 37.4 Blood Pressure......Page 784 37.6 Body Measurements......Page 786 Skills Video: Measuring Adults and Children......Page 787 PROCEDURE 37-1: Measuring and Recording Temperature......Page 788 PROCEDURE 37-2: Measuring and Recording Pulse and Respirations......Page 789 PROCEDURE 37-3: Taking the Blood Pressure of Adults and Older Children......Page 790 PROCEDURE 37-4: Measuring Adults and Children......Page 791 Practice Medical Office: Clinical – Office Operations......Page 794 ActivSim: Valarie Ramirez......Page 795 38.1 The Purpose of a General Physical Exam......Page 796 38.4 Preparing the Patient for an Exam......Page 797 38.5 Positioning and Draping......Page 798 38.7 Exam Methods......Page 801 38.8 Components of a General Physical Exam......Page 802 Skills Video: Assisting with a General Physical Exam......Page 803 PROCEDURE 38-1: Positioning a Patient for an Exam......Page 806 PROCEDURE 38-2: Communicating Effectively with Patients from Other Cultures and Meeting Their Needs for Privacy......Page 807 PROCEDURE 38-3: Transferring a Patient in a Wheelchair for an Exam......Page 808 PROCEDURE 38-4: Assisting with a General Physical Exam......Page 809 Practice Medical Office: Clinical – Interactions......Page 813 ActivSim: Raja Lautu......Page 814 39.1 Assisting with the Gynecologic Patient......Page 815 39.2 Assisting with the Obstetric Patient......Page 818 39.3 OB/GYN Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tests and Procedures......Page 821 Skills Video: Pregnancy Testing Using the EIA Method......Page 822 39.5 Urologic Diagnostic Tests and Procedures......Page 827 39.6 Diseases and Disorders of the Reproductive and Urinary Systems......Page 828 PROCEDURE 39-1: Assisting with a Gynecologic Exam......Page 831 PROCEDURE 39-3: Assisting with a Cervical Biopsy......Page 833 Practice Medical Office: Clinical – Interactions......Page 836 ActivSim: Chris Matthews......Page 837 40.1 Developmental Stages and Care......Page 838 40.2 Pediatric Examinations......Page 847 40.3 Pediatric Immunizations......Page 849 40.4 Pediatric Screening and Diagnostic Tests......Page 852 Skills Video: Measuring Infants......Page 853 40.5 Pediatric Diseases and Disorders......Page 856 40.6 Pediatric Patient Special Concerns......Page 859 PROCEDURE 40-1: Measuring Infants......Page 861 PROCEDURE 40-2: Maintaining Growth Charts......Page 862 PROCEDURE 40-3: Collecting a Urine Specimen from a Pediatric Patient......Page 864 Skills Video: Measuring Adults and Children......Page 866 Practice Medical Office: Clinical – Interactions......Page 867 ActivSim: Peter Smith......Page 868 41.1 The Geriatric Patient......Page 869 41.3 Assisting with Geriatric Care......Page 872 Skills Video: Obtaining Information from a Geriatric Patient......Page 874 41.4 Geriatric Patient Special Concerns......Page 877 PROCEDURE 41-1: Educating Adult Patients About Daily Water Requirements......Page 880 Practice Medical Office: Clinical – Interactions......Page 883 ActivSim: Valarie Ramirez......Page 884 42.1 Working in Other Medical Specialties......Page 885 42.2 Diseases and Disorders of Medical Specialties......Page 889 42.3 Exams and Procedures in Medical Specialties......Page 892 PROCEDURE 42-1: Assisting with a Scratch Test Examination......Page 901 PROCEDURE 42-2: Assisting with a Sigmoidoscopy......Page 902 PROCEDURE 42-3: Assisting with a Needle Biopsy......Page 903 Practice Medical Office: Clinical – Interactions......Page 905 ActivSim: Valarie Ramirez......Page 906 43.2 Eye Diseases and Disorders......Page 908 43.3 Ophthalmic Exams......Page 911 43.4 Ophthalmologic Procedures and Treatments......Page 913 43.6 Ear Diseases and Disorders......Page 914 43.7 Hearing and Other Diagnostic Ear Tests......Page 918 43.8 Ear Treatments and Procedures......Page 919 Skills Video: Performing Ear Irrigation......Page 920 PROCEDURE 43-2: Performing Vision Screening Tests......Page 922 PROCEDURE 43-3: Administering Eye Medications......Page 925 PROCEDURE 43-4: Performing Eye Irrigation......Page 927 PROCEDURE 43-5: Measuring Auditory Acuity......Page 928 PROCEDURE 43-6: Administering Eardrops......Page 929 PROCEDURE 43-7: Performing Ear Irrigation......Page 930 Practice Medical Office: Clinical – Work Task Proficiencies and Clinical – Interactions......Page 933 ActivSim: Peter Smith......Page 934 44.1 The Medical Assistant’s Role in Minor Surgery......Page 935 44.2 Surgery in the Physician’s Office......Page 936 Body Animat3: Wound Healing......Page 937 44.3 Instruments Used in Minor Surgery......Page 939 44.4 Asepsis......Page 943 Skills Video: Creating a Sterile Field......Page 944 44.5 Preoperative Procedures......Page 946 44.6 Intraoperative Procedures......Page 948 44.7 Postoperative Procedures......Page 951 PROCEDURE 44-1: Creating a Sterile Field......Page 952 PROCEDURE 44-2: Performing a Surgical Scrub......Page 953 PROCEDURE 44-3: Donning Sterile Gloves......Page 954 PROCEDURE 44-4: Assisting as a Floater (Unsterile Assistant) During Minor Surgical Procedures......Page 955 PROCEDURE 44-6: Assisting After Minor Surgical Procedures......Page 956 PROCEDURE 44-7: Suture Removal......Page 957 Practice Medical Office: Clinical – Work Task Proficiencies......Page 960 ActivSim: Sylvia Gonzales......Page 961 45.1 The Role of Laboratory Testing in Patient Care......Page 962 45.3 Use of Laboratory Equipment......Page 963 Skills Video: Using a Microscope......Page 965 45.4 Safety in the Laboratory......Page 966 45.5 Quality Assurance Programs......Page 967 45.6 Communicating with the Patient......Page 974 45.7 Recordkeeping......Page 975 PROCEDURE 45-1: Using a Microscope......Page 977 Practice Medical Office: Clinical – Privacy and Liability......Page 981 ActivSim: Cindy Chen......Page 982 46.2 How Microorganisms Cause Disease......Page 983 46.3 Classification and Naming of Microorganisms......Page 984 46.4 Viruses......Page 985 46.5 Bacteria......Page 988 46.6 Protozoans......Page 992 46.8 Multicellular Parasites......Page 994 46.10 Specimen Collection......Page 996 Skills Video: Obtaining a Throat Culture Specimen......Page 999 46.12 Direct Examination of Specimens......Page 1000 46.14 Culturing Specimens in the Medical Office......Page 1001 PROCEDURE 46-1: Obtaining a Throat Culture Specimen......Page 1005 PROCEDURE 46-3: Preparing Microbiologic Specimens for Transport to an Outside Laboratory......Page 1006 PROCEDURE 46-5: Performing a Gram Stain......Page 1007 Practice Medical Office: Admin: Check Out – Privacy and Liability......Page 1011 ActivSim: Ken Washington......Page 1012 47.1 The Role of the Medical Assistant......Page 1013 47.2 Obtaining Urine Specimens......Page 1014 Skills Video: Collecting a Clean-Catch Midstream Urine Specimen......Page 1015 47.3 Urinalysis......Page 1019 Skills Video: Performing a Reagent Strip Test......Page 1023 Skills Video: Pregnancy Testing Using the EIA Method......Page 1025 47.4 Collecting and Processing Stool Specimens......Page 1027 PROCEDURE 47-1: Collecting a Clean-Catch Mid-Stream Urine Specimen......Page 1029 PROCEDURE 47-2: Collecting a 24-Hour Urine Specimen......Page 1030 PROCEDURE 47-3: Establishing Chain of Custody for a Urine Specimen......Page 1031 PROCEDURE 47-5: Performing a Reagent Strip Test......Page 1032 PROCEDURE 47-6: Pregnancy Testing Using the EIA Method......Page 1033 PROCEDURE 47-7: Processing a Urine Specimen for Microscopic Examination of Sediment......Page 1034 PROCEDURE 47-8: Fecal Occult Blood Testing Using the Guaiac Testing Method......Page 1036 Practice Medical Office: Clinical – Interactions......Page 1038 ActivSim: Sylvia Gonzales......Page 1039 48.1 The Role of the Medical Assistant......Page 1040 Skills Video: Quality Control Procedures for Blood Specimen Collection......Page 1041 48.3 Patient Preparation and Communication......Page 1047 48.4 Performing Blood Collection......Page 1050 48.5 Performing Common Blood Tests......Page 1052 Skills Video: Measuring Hematocrit Percentage after Centrifuge......Page 1059 Skills Video: Measuring Blood Glucose Using a Handheld Glucometer......Page 1061 PROCEDURE 48-1: Quality Control Procedures for Blood Specimen Collection......Page 1063 PROCEDURE 48-2: Performing Venipuncture Using an Evacuated System......Page 1064 PROCEDURE 48-3: Performing Capillary Puncture......Page 1066 PROCEDURE 48-4: Preparing a Blood Smear Slide......Page 1068 PROCEDURE 48-5: Measuring Hematocrit Percentage After Centrifuge......Page 1069 PROCEDURE 48-7: Performing a Rapid Infectious Mononucleosis Test......Page 1071 Electronic Health Records: Creating a Patient Order Form......Page 1073 Practice Medical Office: Clinical – Work Task Proficiencies......Page 1074 ActivSim: John Miller......Page 1075 49.2 Basic Principles of Electrocardiography......Page 1076 49.3 The Electrocardiograph......Page 1078 49.4 Performing an ECG......Page 1081 49.5 Exercise Electrocardiography (Stress Testing) and Echocardiography......Page 1089 49.7 Pulmonary Function Testing......Page 1091 Skills Video: Measuring Forced Vital Capacity Using Spirometry......Page 1094 PROCEDURE 49-1: Obtaining an ECG......Page 1095 PROCEDURE 49-2: Holter Monitoring......Page 1096 PROCEDURE 49-3: Measuring Forced Vital Capacity Using Spirometry......Page 1098 PROCEDURE 49-4: Obtaining a Peak Expiratory Flow Rate......Page 1099 PROCEDURE 49-5: Obtaining a Pulse Oximetry Reading......Page 1100 Practice Medical Office: Clinical – Work Task Proficiencies......Page 1103 ActivSim: Raja Lautu......Page 1104 50.2 Diagnostic Radiology......Page 1105 50.3 The Medical Assistant’s Role in Diagnostic Radiology......Page 1106 50.4 Common Diagnostic Radiologic Tests......Page 1108 50.5 Common Therapeutic Uses of Radiation......Page 1116 50.6 Radiation Safety and Dose......Page 1117 50.7 Electronic Medicine......Page 1118 PROCEDURE 50-2: Documentation and F