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Human beings the world over are eager to form social bonds, and suffer grievously when these bonds are disrupted. Social connections contribute to our sense of meaning and feelings of vitality, on the one hand, and — at times — to our anguish and despair on the other.It is not surprising that the mechanisms underlying human connections have long interested researchers from diverse disciplines including social psychology, developmental psychology, communication studies, sociology, and neuroscience. Yet there is too little dialogue among these disciplines and too little integration of insights and findings.This fifth book in the Herzliya Series on Personality and Social Psychology aims to rectify that situation by providing a comprehensive survey of cutting-edge theory and research on social connections. The volume contains 21 chapters organized into four main sections:Brain (focusing on the neural underpinnings of social connections and the hormonal processes that contribute to forming connections)Infancy and Development (focusing especially on child–parent relationships)Dyadic Relationship (focusing especially on romantic and marital relationships)Group (considering both evolutionary and physiological bases of group processes)The integrative perspectives presented here are thought-provoking reading for anyone interested in the social nature of the human mind. "Why are human beings so eager to form social bonds, and why do they suffer so grievously when those bonds are disrupted or broken? How does a person overcome fear of rejection and distrust to become emotionally invested in and attached to others? How do we become identified with other members of a social group to the extent that we include them in our self-concept and rely on them to supply our sense of value? Why do they contribute so powerfully to our sense of meaning and our feelings of vitality, on the one hand, and--at times--to our anguish and despair, on the other? What neural and hormonal processes are involved in the formation and maintenance of social bonds? How do our social experiences in infancy and childhood influence our relational behavior and the quality of our social bonds in adulthood? How are our social connections influenced by biological and evolutionary processes and sociocultural contexts? These important questions about human connections have attracted the attention of researchers from diverse disciplines, such as social psychology, developmental psychology, communication studies, sociology, and neuroscience. But there is too little dialogue between the different disciplines, and this has resulted in a lack of integration of insights and findings. In the first four volumes of our Herzliya Series on Personality and Social Psychology, we focused on prosocial motives, emotions, and behavior; aggression, violence, and their effects; morality ("good and evil"); and existential concerns such as mortality, meaning, and freedom. In this, the fifth volume, we deepen our analysis of human social behavior by surveying some of the latest developments in theory and research concerning the physiological and psychological mechanisms underlying the formation of social connections at neural, dyadic, and group levels. We do this with the entire human life span in mind, beginning with infant-parent relationships. This new volume contains 21 chapters organized into four main sections: the brain level (focusing on the neural underpinnings of social connections and the hormonal processes that contribute to forming connections); the developmental level (focusing especially on child-parent relationships); the dyadic relationship level (focusing especially on romantic and marital relationships); and the group level (considering both evolutionary and physiological bases of group processes). Each section describes state-of-the-art theories and research from the disciplines of social psychology, developmental psychology, and social neuroscience. The chapter authors, all experts in their fields, generously agreed to come to Herzliya and deliver lectures at the 2012 Herzliya Symposium on Personality and Social Psychology. They participated in hours of formal lectures and discussions, spent many informal hours together, and then returned home and prepared chapters based on the lectures and discussions. The meeting was cohosted by the two editors of this volume. We worked with the chapter authors to make the resulting book as accessible, coherent, and readable as possible so it would be suitable for researchers and application oriented professionals as well as for university classes and the educated public. The book provides a lively, engaging, readable, and up-to-the-moment review of social psychological, developmental, and neuroscientific approaches to understanding the formation and quality of social connections across the life span"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved) Contents Contributors Preface Introduction Part I Brain Chapter 1 Comparative and Developmental Perspectives on Oxytocin and Vasopressin Chapter 2 Primary-Process Separation-Distress (PANIC/GRIEF) and Reward Eagerness (SEEKING) Processes in the Ancestral Genesis of Depressive Affect and Addictions Chapter 3 Romantic Love, Pair-Bonding, and the Dopaminergic Reward System Chapter 4 The Vicarious Brain Chapter 5 Our Social Baseline: The Role of Social Proximity in Economy of Action Chapter 6 Emotion, Morality, and the Developing Brain Part II Infancy and Development Chapter 7 Child–Parent Attachment and Response to Threat: A Move From the Level of Representation Chapter 8 Synchrony and the Neurobiological Basis of Social Affiliation Chapter 9 Gaze Following: A Mechanism for Building Social Connections Between Infants and Adults Chapter 10 Beyond Words: Parental Embodied Mentalizing and the Parent–Infant Dance Chapter 11 Parental Insightfulness and Child–Parent Emotion Dialogues: Their Importance for Children’s Development Chapter 12 The Impact of Early Interpersonal Experience on Adult Romantic Relationship Functioning Part III Adult Close Relationships Chapter 13 Risk Regulation in Close Relationships Chapter 14 Responsiveness: Affective Interdependence in Close Relationships Chapter 15 Attachment Bonds in Romantic Relationships Chapter 16 A Theoretical Perspective on the Importance of Social Connections for Thriving Chapter 17 Sexy Building Blocks: The Contribution of the Sexual System to Attachment Formation and Maintenance Part IV Group Chapter 18 Evolution of the Social Brain: Psychological Adaptations for Group Living Chapter 19 Social Defense Theory: How a Mixture of Personality Traits in Group Contexts May Promote Our Survival Chapter 20 It’s All in the Mind: How Social Identification Processes Affect Neurobiological Responses Chapter 21 Oxytocinergic Circuitry Motivates Group Loyalty Index About the Editors Human Beings The World Over Are Eager To Form Social Bonds, And Suffer Grievously When These Bonds Are Disrupted. Social Connections Contribute To Our Sense Of Meaning And Feelings Of Vitality, On The One Hand, And -- At Times -- To Our Anguish And Despair On The Other. It Is Not Surprising That The Mechanisms Underlying Human Connections Have Long Interested Researchers From Diverse Disciplines Including Social Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Communication Studies, Sociology, And Neuroscience. Yet There Is Too Little Dialogue Among These Disciplines And Too Little Integration Of Insights And Findings. This Fifth Book In The Herzliya Series On Personality And Social Psychology Aims To Rectify That Situation By Providing A Comprehensive Survey Of Cutting-edge Theory And Research On Social Connections. The Volume Contains 21 Chapters Organised Into Four Main Sections: Brain (focusing On The Neural Underpinnings Of Social Connections And The Hormonal Processes That Contribute To Forming Connections), Infancy And Development (focusing Especially On Child-parent Relationships), Dyadic Relationship (focusing Especially On Romantic And Marital Relationships), Group (considering Both Evolutionary And Physiological Bases Of Group Processes). The Integrative Perspectives Presented Here Are Thought-provoking Reading For Anyone Interested In The Social Nature Of The Human Mind. Brain -- Infancy And Development -- Adult Close Relationships -- Group. Edited By Mario Mikulincer And Phillip R. Shaver. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. This book is an interdisciplinary exploration of how social connections are expressed at the neurological, developmental, dyadic, and group levels. Social connections contribute to our vitality and sense of meaning and—at times—to our anguish. The mechanisms underlying human connections have long fascinated researchers in the social sciences and, more recently, in neuroscience. Yet there is too little dialogue among these scientists and too little integration of findings. This book aims to rectify that situation by surveying cutting-edge theory and research on social connections. Chapters explore the formation of social connections at four levels of expression: neurological, developmental, dyadic, and group.