Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Enteric Diseases 2 (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 473)

This book, Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Enteric Diseases 2, is an out­ come of the Second International Rushmore Conference on Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Enteric Diseases, held September 3D-October 3, 1998 in Rapid City, South Dakota, USA. Its chapters represent many of the reviews and papers presented at the conference. The meeting was organized by members of the North-Central Regional Research Committee "NC-62", a consortium of researchers of bovine and swine enteric diseases from land-grant institutions supported by the United States Department of Agriculture. The Rushmore Conferences were conceived as a forum for an interdiscipli­ nary discussion of mechanisms of infectious enteric diseases. It was intended that such a discussion would stimulate cross-pollination of ideas, and nurture synergistic collabora­ tions among scientists who might otherwise not interact. Enteric diseases are caused by widely divergent pathogens and parasites in broadly different settings, and affect multi­ ple organ systems. Some enteric diseases affect a single species, while others may affect multiple species, perhaps including human beings. Some enteric diseases were present in antiquity, while others have recently emerged. Knowledge regarding a particular disease or pathogen has frequently proven useful in understanding another disease or pathogen, because common themes in pathogenesis exist. As this knowledge base grows,strategies in the prevention and control of various enteric diseases often converge. Cross-discipli­ nary discussions and collaborations facilitate growth of this knowledge base, as well as development of tools for disease interdiction. Front Matter....Pages i-x Intestinal Lymphoepithelial Communication....Pages 1-9 Bacterial Translocation from the Gastrointestinal Tract....Pages 11-30 Interference with Virus and Bacteria Replication by the Tissue Specific Expression of Antibodies and Interfering Molecules....Pages 31-45 Comparative Pathogenesis of Enteric Viral Infections of Swine....Pages 47-59 Molecular Evolution of Corona-And Toroviruses....Pages 61-72 A Viral Enterotoxin....Pages 73-82 Comparative Pathology of Bacterial Enteric Diseases of Swine....Pages 83-101 Mechanisms and Impact of Enteric Infections....Pages 103-112 Insulin Modulates Intestinal Response of Suckling Mice to the Escherichia Coli Heat-Stable Enterotoxin....Pages 113-123 Reproduction of Lesions and Clinical Signs with a CNF2-Producing Escherichia Coli in Neonatal Calves....Pages 125-128 The Locus for Enterocyte Effacement (Lee) of Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli (Epec) from Dogs and Cats....Pages 129-136 Age-Dependent Variation in the Density and Affinity of Escherichia Coli Heat-Stable Enterotoxin Receptors in Mice....Pages 137-145 K88 Adhesins of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli and their Porcine Enterocyte Receptors....Pages 147-154 Edema Disease as a Model for Systemic Disease Induced by Shiga Toxin-Producing E. Coli ....Pages 155-161 Ultrastructure and DNA Fragmentation Analysis of Arterioles in Swine Infected with Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli ....Pages 163-171 Pathogenesis of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 in Weaned Calves....Pages 173-177 Distribution of a Novel Locus called Paa ( P orcine A ttaching and Effacing A ssociated) among Enteric Escherichia coli ....Pages 179-184 Potentiation of the Effectiveness of Lactobacillus Casei in the Prevention of E. Coli Induced Diarrhea in Conventional and Gnotobiotic Pigs....Pages 185-190 Recovery from Colonic Infection Elicits Serum IgG Antibodies to Specific Serpulina Pilosicoli Outer Membrane Antigens (SPOMA)....Pages 191-197 Motility-Regulated Mucin Association of Serpulina Pilosicoli , the Agent of Colonic Spirochetosis of Humans and Animals....Pages 199-205 Coiling Phagocytosis is the Predominant Mechanism for Uptake of the Colonic Spirochetosis Bacterium Serpulina Pilosicoli by Human Monocytes....Pages 207-214 Identification of Proteins Required for the Internalization of Campylobacter Jejuni into Cultured Mammalian Cells....Pages 215-224 Secretion of Campylobacter Jejuni Cia Proteins is Contact Dependent....Pages 225-229 Codon Usage in the A/T-Rich Bacterium Campylobacter Jejuni ....Pages 231-235 Prevalence of Campylobacter , Salmonella , and Arcobacter Species at Slaughter in Market Age Pigs....Pages 237-239 Cryptosporidium Parvum Gene Discovery....Pages 241-247 Norepinephrine Stimulates in Vitro Growth but does not Increase Pathogenicity of Salmonella Choleraesuis in an in Vivo Model....Pages 249-260 Of Mice, Calves, and Men....Pages 261-274 SIPS, SOPS, and SPIs but not STN Influence Salmonella Enteropathogenesis....Pages 275-280 Phase Variable Switching of in Vivo and Environmental Phenotypes of Salmonella Typhimurium ....Pages 281-289 A Preliminary Survey of Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella in Market-Age Swine....Pages 291-297 Prophylactic Administration of Immune Lymphokine Derived From T Cells of Salmonella Enteritidis -Immune Pigs....Pages 299-307 Sialic Acid Dependence and Independence of Group A Rotaviruses....Pages 309-317 New Approaches To Mucosal Immunization....Pages 319-337 Back Matter....Pages 339-340

This volume covers the mechanisms of pathogenesis of enteric diseases. The topics include the epidemiology and pathobiology of enteric diseases, mechanisms of identity and interaction between host and pathogen, effector mechanisms in the pathogenesis and regulation of pathogenic activity in enteric diseases, and novel approaches to the prevention and therapy of enteric diseases. Diarrheal diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and protozoa are among the most common diseases of animals and humans. They have also been among the most resistant diseases to prevent. Progress in the management of one disease is frequently overshadowed by the emergence of a new, more challenging enteric disease problem. The zoonotic character of many enteric pathogens links veterinary and medical concerns. At least five enteropathogens, Campylobacter jejuni, non-typhoid Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Clostridium perfringens, and Cryptosporidium parvum, shed in the feces of pigs, cattle, and/or poultry, are important causes of diarrhea in human beings. Substantial progress in the control of enteric pathogens will require greater understanding of the mechanisms by which these organisms cause disease, elucidation of environments that favor their proliferation, and clarification of natural host defenses against them. The advances in knowledge presented here will help lead to the development of novel and innovative approaches to prevention and therapy, as well as to improvements to conventional treatments.

The book contains black-and-white illustrations.