Mechanisms And Models In Toxicology: Proceedings Of The European Society Of Toxicology Meeting Held In Harrogate, May 27-29, 1986 (archives Of Toxicology)

This supplement presents the papers submitted at the 27th meeting of the European Society of Toxicology, which was organised by the British Toxicology Society and held in Harrogate, England. As evident from the title of this book, the overall theme of the meeting was an exploration of some of the mechanisms of toxicity, as well as some models used in the investigation of toxic action. The topics dealt with can be grouped under four headings. The first of these, on the mechanisms involved in cell injury, was a joint symposium of the European Society of Toxicology and the Society of Toxicology of the United States of America. In the second group, mechanisms in carcinogen risk assessment were discussed. Mechanisms and models of teratogenesis was the subject of the third group of invited papers. Finally, a workshop on safety evaluation of biotechnological products dealt with present and future problems which this new area of technology poses for toxicologists. Short communications on recent studies and developments in toxicological techniques which were presented at the meeting are also included in this volume. Front Matter....Pages I-VIII Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Apoptosis: Cell Death Under Homeostatic Control....Pages 3-10 On The Role of Calcium in Chemical Toxicity....Pages 11-19 A Dynamic Liver Culture System: A Tool for Studying Chemical Biotransformation and Toxicity....Pages 20-33 Some Aspects of Cell Defense Mechanisms of Glutathione and Vitamin E During Cell Injury....Pages 34-38 Structure Activity Requirements for Induction of Peroxisomal Enzyme Activities in Primary Rat Hepatocyte Cultures....Pages 39-41 Oxidative and Reductive Biotransformation of Chloroform in Mouse Liver Microsomes....Pages 42-44 Effects of Subchronic Low-Protein Diet on Some Tissue Glutathione - Related Enzyme Activities in the Rat....Pages 45-49 Front Matter....Pages 51-51 Interorgan Shift of Nitrosamine Metabolism by Dietary Ethanol....Pages 53-65 Quantitative Evaluation of DNA-Binding Data In Vivo for Low-Dose Extrapolations....Pages 66-74 Persistent Organ Damage and Cancer Production in Rats and Mice....Pages 75-83 Sensitivity of DNA and Nucleotides to Oxidation by Permanganate and Hydrogen Peroxide....Pages 84-88 A Postlabelling Assay for N 7 -(2-Oxoethyl)Guanine, the Principal Vinyl Chloride-DNA Adduct....Pages 89-92 Comparison of Hydrocarbon – DNA Adducts Formed in Mouse and Human Skin Following Treatment with Benzo [A] Pyrene....Pages 93-98 Combined Radiolabelling Distribution and Covalent DNA-Binding Studies to Discriminate Between a Carcinogen/Noncarcinogen Pair of Monoazo Dyes Related to the Hepatocarcinogen Butter Yellow (DAB)....Pages 99-101 Front Matter....Pages 103-103 Teratogenicity Testing in Vitro: Status of Validation Studies....Pages 105-114 The Primate as a Model for Hazard Assessment of Teratogens in Humans....Pages 115-121 A Clinician’s View of Teratogenesis....Pages 122-127 Teratogenicity of Valproic Acid and Related Substances in the Mouse: Drug Accumulation and pH i in the Embryo During Organogenesis and Structure-Activity Considerations....Pages 128-139 Embryotoxic Action of β -Aminopropionitrile During Early Organogenesis in Rats....Pages 140-142 Valproic Acid Teratogenesis and Embryonic Lipid Metabolism....Pages 143-147 Front Matter....Pages 103-103 Prenatal Exposure to Methylazoxymethanol (MAM) Acetate: Effects on Ultrasonic Vocalization and Locomotor Activity in Rat Offspring....Pages 148-151 The Comparative Effects of Cytotoxic Agents on the Numbers of Oocytes in Mice....Pages 152-154 Development of a Method for Assessing the Acute Toxicity of Chemicals on Early Post-Implantation Embryos....Pages 155-158 The “Giant” Yolk Sac: A Model for Studying Transport Across Extra-Embryonic Membranes....Pages 159-162 The Effect of Ethanol on the Growth of Rat Embryos: The Role of Stage Dependency and Hyperosmolality....Pages 163-167 Modification of Teratogenic Action In Vitro Due to Reduced Culture Medium Serum Content....Pages 168-171 In Vitro Teratogenicity of Parbendazole....Pages 172-174 Front Matter....Pages 175-175 Predictive Tests for Occupational Allergies....Pages 177-181 Toxicological Evaluation of Biotechnology Products: A Regulatory Viewpoint....Pages 182-190 Myco-Protein: Safety Evaluation of a Novel Food....Pages 191-193 The Toxicology of the End Products From Biotechnology Processes....Pages 194-199 Comparison of Three Assays of Picogram Amounts of Residual Cellular DNA in Biological Products from Continuous Cell Lines....Pages 200-205 Front Matter....Pages 207-207 The Influence of Some Dithiocarbamates on Oxidative Drug Metabolism: Interaction with Cadmium....Pages 209-212 Mechanism of Damage to Liver Cells After Chronic Exposure to Low Doses of Cadmium Chloride....Pages 213-215 Sex-Related Interactions of Cadmium and Lead in Changing Cardiovascular Homeostasis and Tissue Metal Levels of Chronically Exposed Rats....Pages 216-219 Cytotoxic, Irritant and Fibrogenic Effects of Metal-Fume Particulate Materials Investigated by Intramuscular Injection in the Rat and Guinea Pig....Pages 220-222 Intrapulmonary Pretreatment by Metal-Fume Components Causing Inhibition of Delayed Hypersensitivity....Pages 223-226 The Effect of Lead and Aluminium on Rat Dihydropteridine Reductase....Pages 227-230 Intestinal Absorption of Aluminium in Rats: Effect of Sodium....Pages 231-235 Neurotoxicity of a Spent Phosphoric Acid Catalyst....Pages 236-239 Front Matter....Pages 207-207 The Effect of Solvents on the Toxicity of DDT to Fish Cells....Pages 240-242 The Effect of the Cholinergic Neurotoxin ECMA on Neural Function in Brain Reaggregate Cultures....Pages 243-246 Interactions of Thyroid Hormone and Tricyclic Antidepressants on Rat Brain β -Adrenoceptor Function....Pages 247-249 Thyroid Toxicity and Iodothyronine Deiodination....Pages 250-252 Increased Thyroxine Clearance in Rats Treated with High Doses of a Histamine H 2 -Antagonist, SKF 93479....Pages 253-256 Enzymic Deglycosylation of Ricin Lowers its Uptake by Rat Liver Non-Parenchymal Cells....Pages 257-260 Mutagen Activation by Hepatic Fractions from Conventional, Germfree and Monoassociated Rats....Pages 261-263 Effects of Metronidazole, Azanidazole, and Azathioprine on Cytochrome P 450 and Various Mono-Oxygenase Activities in Hepatic Microsomes from Control and Induced Mice....Pages 264-269 An Animal Model of Cisplatin-Induced Magnesium Deficiency....Pages 270-272 Quantitative Methods for Assessing the Effects of Some Anticancer Drugs on Mouse Spermatogenesis....Pages 273-276 Comparative Effects of Mitozolomide (M & B 39125, NSC 353451 and a Series of Standard Anticancer Drugs on Mouse Testis....Pages 277-280 1,3-Dinitrobenzene: Toxicity and Metabolism in Rat Testicular Cell Cultures....Pages 281-284 Collagen Synthesis in Rats with Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis....Pages 285-287 Pulmonary Toxicity of Naphthalene Derivatives in the Rat....Pages 288-291 Toxicology Information for the Canadian Workforce....Pages 292-294 Predicting the Safety of Medicines from Animal Toxicity Tests I. Rodents Alone....Pages 295-299 Predicting the Safety of Medicines from Animal Toxicity Tests II. Rodents and Non-Rodents....Pages 300-304 Comparative Activation of Paracetamol in the Rat, Mouse and Man....Pages 305-309 Nisoldipine, a New Calcium Antagonist, Elevates Plasma Levels of Digoxin....Pages 310-312 Influence of Inhibitors on the Thrombogenicity and Toxicity of Prothrombin Complex Concentrates....Pages 313-315 Front Matter....Pages 207-207 Lipid Parameters of a Non-Human Primate Following Administration of a High Fat Diet....Pages 316-318 Immunological Studies in Asthmatics Exposed to Allergens....Pages 319-320 The In Vitro Effects of Trichothecenes on the Immune System....Pages 321-324 Macrophage Migration Inhibition Test to Evaluate the Sensitizing Potential of Drugs in the Guinea Pig....Pages 325-328 An Evaluation of the Toxichromotest, a Bacterial Toxicity Bioassay, and an Assessment of its Potential Use in Human Poisoning....Pages 329-333 Cell Membrane Toxicity Detected with the Chromium-51 Release Test....Pages 334-337 An Inert Mixture for Solubilizing Lipophilic Drugs in Cell Culture Assays....Pages 338-343 Han/Wistar Rats Are Exceptionally Resistant to TCDD. II.....Pages 344-347 Back Matter....Pages 349-365