Measuring the Cosmos : How Scientists Discovered the Dimensions of the Universe

I noticed that this book, which was published in 2004, had not yet received even one customer review. I read a news story recently that on-line reviews tended to skew to extremes, the reviewers either hate the item or love it; those who are neutral don't bother to write a review. This might explain the reception for this book. There is nothing particularly objectionable about this book, but nothing grabbing and inspiring. If there is one overarching problem with this book, it is that author does not seem to have an audience in mind. For instance, at one point he informs us that Einstein was the greatest scientist of the Twentieth Century. My main objection to this assertion is not its truth or falsity. Rather, a reader in 2004 who has not formed an idea of the place of Einstein in the pantheon of Twentieth Century science has absolutely no business reading a book with this title. The sentence "Einstein was the greatest scientist of the Twentieth Century." falls off the page like lead. The reader has already heard of Einstein, trust me. The book is divided into six chapters, covering material in more or less chronological order. Despite this the book lacks coherence and flow. Chapter 6 brings the reader into the 21st Century, and reprises and outlines the progress in measuring the cosmos from parallax to the latest determination of the Hubble constant. If the synopsis in Chapter 6 had been used as an outline of the book, it would have been a better book. Chapter 6 is also the best chapter in the entire book. The writing in the first half of the book is flat, almost perfunctory, as if the author just wants to get through it, so he can get to last (and did I mention best?) chapter. In the rush, fascinating topics, like the Greek attempts to measure the earth and thence the distance to the moon and the sun are either given short shrift or completely ignored. No mention is made of attempts to determine the astronomical unit, nor does he define the astronomical unit anyplace in the book, even in the glossary. He is apparently writing for someone who knows what an astronomical unit is, but has never heard of Einstein. Nor is the story of parallax given the attention it deserves. I don't think a reader whose only introduction to the topic was this book would have any idea of the role of parallax in determining cosmic distances. There is also a regrettable amount of bowing and scraping to modern liberal pieties. One can lament the unfortunate treatment of Henrietta Swan Leavitt without unwarranted and distracting kneeling to the feminist narrative. I would have preferred a more straightforward presentation of the facts, with a mention of the unjustifiably subordinate role of women in 19th Century science and an appreciation of the achievements of Miss Leavitt and her contemporaries. The treatment of the Galileo-Vatican controversy is in the same vein. The book states that the Pope thought he saw himself in the doltish character of Simplicius in Dialogues. This might be related to the fact that Galileo intended it that way. After Pope Urban VIII asked Galileo a few reasonable questions about the treatment of tides in the manuscript version of Dialogues, Galileo promised to clear it up in the final version. Galileo placed the Pope's questions in the mouth of Simplicius, only to have the all-wise character of Salviati dismissively swat them aside. It is an embarrassment for Galileo's defenders that Galileo shows absolutely no understanding of the mechanism of tides, whose explanation would have to await Newton. The Pope's question was completely reasonable and Galileo's response was not. Today's readers might take academic freedom and free speech for granted. To say that these concepts were foreign to the Renaissance Vatican would be an understatement. But they were equally foreign to every other civilization and institution that had ever existed anyplace on the earth up to that time. To judge the Renaissance Vatican by contemporary standards is an act bording on solipsism. Overall, not a bad book, but a disappointing one. And in preempting the title the author may have discouraged a better one. Humans have always viewed the heavens with wonder and awe. The skies have inspired reflection on the vastness of space, the wonder of creation, and humankind’s role in the universe. In just over one hundred years, science has moved from almost total ignorance about the actual distances to the stars and earth’s place in the galaxy to our present knowledge about the enormous size, mass, and age of the universe. We are reaching the limits of observation, and therefore the limits of human understanding. Beyond lies only our imagination, seeded by the theories of physics. In Measuring the Cosmos , science writers David and Matthew Clark tell the stories of both the well-known and the unsung heroes who played key roles in these discoveries. These true accounts reveal ambitions, conflicts, failures, as well as successes, as the astonishing scale and age of the universe were finally established. Few areas of scientific research have witnessed such drama in the form of ego clashes, priority claims, or failed (or even falsified) theories as that resulting from attempts to measure the universe. Besides giving credit where long overdue, Measuring the Cosmos explains the science behind these achievements in accessible language sure to appeal to astronomers, science buffs, and historians. Prologue: A Rapid Journey Through Time And Space -- Ingenious Visions -- Serious Measurements -- The Great Debate -- Seeing Red -- The Nature Of Creation -- Living With Inflation. David H. Clark And Matthew D.h. Clark. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 195-196) And Index. In just over 100 years, science has moved from almost total ignorance about the true scale of the universe to the very limits of observational knowledge. This book relates the stories of both the well-known and unsung heroes who have played key roles in this scientific odyssey.