MATHEMATICS MANUAL FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT OPERATORS - WASTEWATER TREATMENT OPERATIONS : math concepts and calculations

To properly operate a waterworks or wastewater treatment plant and to pass the examination for a waterworks/wastewater operator’s license, it is necessary to know how to perform certain calculations. All operators, at all levels of licensure, need a basic understanding of arithmetic and problem-solving techniques to solve the problems they typically encounter in the workplace.Hailed on its first publication as a masterly account written in an engaging, highly readable, user-friendly style, the fully updated Mathematics Manual for Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operators: Wastewater Treatment Operations covers all the necessary computations used in wastewater treatment today. It presents math operations that progressively advance to higher, more practical applications, including math operations that operators at the highest level of licensure would be expected to know and perform.Features:• Provides a strong foundation based on theoretical math concepts, which it then applies to solving practical problems for both water and wastewater operations. • Updated throughout and with several new practical problems added. • Provides illustrative examples for commonly used waterworks and wastewater treatment operations covering unit process operations found in today’s treatment facilities. Cover Half Title Title Copyright Contents Preface About the Author Chapter 1 Flow, Velocity, and Pumping Calculations 1.1 Velocity and Flow Calculations 1.1.1 Flow through Pipe Flowing Less Than Full 1.2 Flow and Velocity Practice Problems 1.3 Pumping 1.4 Basic Water Hydraulics Calculations 1.4.1 Weight of Water 1.4.2 Weight of Water Related to the Weight of Air 1.4.3 Water at Rest 1.4.4 Gauge Pressure 1.4.5 Water in Motion 1.4.5.1 Discharge 1.4.6 Pipe Friction 1.5 Basic Pumping Calculations 1.5.1 Pumping Rates 1.5.2 Calculating Head Loss 1.5.3 Calculating Head 1.5.4 Calculating Horsepower and Efficiency 1.5.4.1 Hydraulic Horsepower (WHP) 1.5.4.2 Pump Efficiency and Brake Horsepower (BHP) 1.5.5 Specific Speed 1.6 Positive Displacement Pumps 1.6.1 Volume of Biosolids Pumped (Capacity) Chapter 2 Preliminary Treatment Calculations 2.1 Wet Well Capacity and Pumping Rate 2.2 Screening 2.2.1 Screenings Removal Calculations 2.2.2 Screenings Pit Capacity Calculations 2.3 Grit Removal 2.3.1 Grit Removal Calculations 2.3.2 Grit Channel Velocity Calculation 2.4 Screenings and Grit Removal Practice Problems Chapter 3 Primary Treatment Calculations 3.1 Process Control Calculations 3.1.1 Weir Overflow Rate (Weir Loading Rate) 3.1.2 Biosolids Pumping 3.1.3 BOD and SS Removed, Lb/Day 3.2 Primary Treatment Practice Problems Chapter 4 Trickling Filter Calculations 4.1 Trickling Filter Process Calculations 4.1.1 Hydraulic Loading Rate 4.1.2 Organic Loading Rate 4.1.3 BOD and SS Removed 4.1.4 Recirculation Flow 4.2 Trickling Filter Practice Problems Chapter 5 Rotating Biological Contactors (RBCs) 5.1 RBC Process Control Calculations 5.1.1 Hydraulic Loading Rate 5.1.2 Soluble BOD 5.1.3 Organic Loading Rate 5.1.4 Total Media Area 5.2 RBC Practice Problems Chapter 6 Activated Biosolids 6.1 Activated Biosolids Process Control Calculations 6.1.1 Moving Averages 6.1.2 BOD or COD Loading 6.1.3 Solids Inventory 6.1.4 Food-to-Microorganism Ratio (F/M Ratio) 6.1.5 Gould Biosolids Age 6.1.6 Mean Cell Residence Time (MCRT) 6.1.7 Waste Rate in Million Gallons/Day 6.1.8 Estimating Return Rates from SSV60 6.1.9 Sludge Volume Index (SVI) 6.1.10 Mass Balance: Settling Tank Suspended Solids 6.1.11 Biosolids Waste Based upon Mass Balance 6.1.12 Oxidation Ditch Detention Time 6.2 Activated Biosolids Practice Problems Chapter 7 Treatment Ponds 7.1 Treatment Pond Parameters 7.1.1 Determining Pond Area (Inches) 7.1.2 Determining Pond Volume (Acre-Feet) 7.1.3 Determining Flow Rate in Acre-Feet/Day 7.1.4 Determining Flow Rate in Acre-Inches/Day 7.2 Treatment Pond Process Control Calculations 7.2.1 Hydraulic Detention Time, Days 7.2.2 BOD Loading 7.2.3 Organic Loading Rate 7.2.4 BOD Removal Efficiency 7.2.5 Population Loading 7.3 Treatment Pond Practice Problems Chapter 8 Chemical Dosage Calculations 8.1 Chemical Dosing 8.1.1 Chemical Feed Rate 8.1.2 Chlorine Dose, Demand, and Residual 8.1.2.1 Chlorine Dose 8.1.2.2 Chlorine Demand 8.1.2.3 Chlorine Residual 8.1.3 Hypochlorite Dosage 8.1.4 Chemical Solutions 8.1.5 Mixing Solutions of Different Strength 8.1.6 Solution Mixtures Target Percent Strength 8.1.7 Solution Chemical Feeder Setting (GPD) 8.1.8 Chemical Feed Pump—Percent Stroke Setting 8.1.9 Chemical Solution Feeder Setting (ML/Min) 8.1.10 Chemical Feed Calibration 8.1.11 Average Use Calculations 8.2 Chemical Dosage Practice Problems Chapter 9 Biosolids Production and Pumping Calculations 9.1 Process Residuals 9.2 Primary and Secondary Solids Production Calculations 9.2.1 Primary Clarifier Solids Production Calculations 9.2.2 Secondary Clarifier Solids Production Calculation 9.3 Percent Solids 9.4 Biosolids Pumping 9.4.1 Estimating Daily Biosolids Production 9.4.2 Biosolids Production in Pounds/Million Gallons 9.4.3 Biosolids Production in Wet Tons/Year 9.4.4 Biosolids Pumping Time 9.4.5 Biosolids Pumped/Day in Gallons 9.4.6 Biosolids Pumped/Day in Pounds 9.4.7 Solids Pumped/Day in Pounds 9.4.8 Volatile Matter Pumped/Day in Pounds 9.4.9 Pounds of Solids/Pounds of Volatile Solids/Day 9.5 Biosolids Production and Pumping Practice Calculations Chapter 10 Biosolids Thickening Calculations 10.1 Thickening 10.2 Gravity/Dissolved Air Flotation Thickener Calculations 10.2.1 Estimating Daily Biosolids Production 10.2.2 Surface Loading Rate, Gal/Day/Ft2 10.2.3 Solids Loading Rate, Lb/Day/Ft2 10.2.4 Concentration Factor (CF) 10.2.5 Recycle Flow in Percent 10.3 Centrifuge Thickening Calculations 10.4 Biosolids Thickening Practice Problems Chapter 11 Biosolids Digestion 11.1 Biosolids Stabilization 11.2 Aerobic Digestion Process Control Calculations 11.2.1 Volatile Solids Loading in Lb/Ft3/Day 11.2.2 Digestion Time (Day) 11.2.3 pH Adjustment 11.3 Anaerobic Digestion Process Control Calculations 11.3.1 Required Seed Volume in Gallons 11.3.2 Volatile-Acids-to-Alkalinity Ratio 11.3.3 Biosolids Retention Time 11.3.4 Estimated Gas Production in Cubic Feet/Day 11.3.5 Volatile Matter Reduction in Percent 11.3.6 Percent Moisture Reduction in Digested Biosolids 11.4 Biosolids Digestion Practice Problems Chapter 12 Biosolids Dewatering and Disposal 12.1 Biosolids Dewatering 12.2 Pressure Filtration Calculations 12.2.1 Plate and Frame Press 12.2.1.1 Solids Loading Rate 12.2.1.2 Net Filter Yield 12.2.2 Belt Filter Press 12.2.3 Hydraulic Loading Rate 12.2.4 Biosolids Feed Rate 12.2.5 Solids Loading Rate 12.2.6 Flocculant Feed Rate 12.2.7 Flocculant Dosage 12.2.8 Total Suspended Solids 12.3 Rotary Vacuum Filter Dewatering Calculations 12.3.1 Filter Loading 12.3.2 Filter Yield 12.3.3 Vacuum Filter Operating Time 12.3.4 Percent Solids Recovery 12.4 Sand Drying Bed Calculations 12.4.1 Sand Drying Beds Process Control Calculations 12.4.2 Total Biosolids Applied 12.4.3 Solids Loading Rate 12.4.4 Biosolids Withdrawal to Drying Beds 12.5 Biosolids Disposal 12.5.1 Land Application Calculations 12.5.2 Disposal Cost 12.5.2.1 Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN) 12.5.3 Application Rate Based on Crop Nitrogen Requirement 12.5.4 Metals Loading 12.5.5 Maximum Allowable Applications Based upon Metals Loading 12.5.6 Site Life Based on Metals Loading 12.6 Biosolids to Compost 12.6.1 Composting Calculations 12.6.1.1 Blending Dewatered Biosolids with Composted Biosolids 12.6.1.2 Compost Site Capacity Calculation 12.7 Biosolids Dewatering and Disposal Practice Problems Chapter 13 Wastewater Treatment Practice Calculations 13.1 Additional Water/Wastewater Practice Problems 13.1.1 Advanced Practice Problems Appendix A: Answers Chapter 13, Wastewater Treatment Practice Problems Appendix B: Formulae Index "To properly operate a waterworks or wastewater treatment plant and to pass the examination for a waterworks/wastewater operator's license, it is necessary to know how to perform certain calculations. All operators, at all levels of licensure, need a basic understanding of arithmetic and problem-solving techniques to solve the problems they typically encounter in the workplace. Hailed on its first publication as a masterly account written in an engaging, highly readable, user-friendly style, the fully updated Mathematics Manual for Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operators: Water Treatment Operations covers all the necessary computations used in water treatment today. It presents math operations that progressively advance to higher, more practical applications, including math operations that operators at the highest level of licensure would be expected to know and perform. Features: Provides a strong foundation based on theoretical math concepts, which it then applies to solving practical problems for both water and wastewater operations. Updated throughout and add several new practical problems. Provides illustrative examples for commonly used waterworks and wastewater treatment operations covering unit process operations found in today's treatment facilities"-- Provided by publisher