Mastering Windows Server® 2016 Hyper-V®

Introduction xix Chapter 1 Introduction to Virtualization and Microsoft Solutions 1 The Evolution of the Datacenter 1 One Box, One Operating System 1 How Virtualization Has Changed the Way Companies Work and Its Key Values 5 History of Hyper-V 10 Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V Features 12 Windows Server 2008 R2 Changes 13 Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 115 Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V Changes 16 Windows Server 2012 R2 22 Windows Server 2016 24 Licensing of Hyper-V 26 One Operating System (Well Two, but Really One) with Windows Server 2012 and 2012 R2 26 Windows Server 2016 Changes to Licensing and Versions 29 Choosing the Version of Hyper-V 31 The Role of System Center with Hyper-V 32 System Center Confi guration Manager33 System Center Virtual Machine Manager and App Controller 34 System Center Operations Manager 34 System Center Data Protection Manager 35 System Center Service Manager 35 System Center Orchestrator 36 Clouds and Services 36 The Bottom Line 38 Chapter 2 Virtual Machine Resource Fundamentals 41 Understanding VMBus 41 The Anatomy of a Virtual Machine 44 Generation 1 Virtual Machine 45 Generation 2 Virtual Machine 50 VMCX Configuration File 53 VM Configuration Versions 54 Processor Resources 55 Virtual Processor to Logical Processor Scheduling 58 Processor Assignment 60 NUMA Support 66 Memory Resources 69 Dynamic Memory 69 Runtime Memory Resize 75 Virtual Storage 77 VHD 78 VHDX 79 Creating a Virtual Hard Disk 80 Pass-Through Storage 83 Discrete Device Assignment 83 The Bottom Line 86 Chapter 3 Virtual Networking 89 Virtual Switch Fundamentals 89 Three Types of Virtual Switches 89 Creating a Virtual Switch 92 Extensible Switch 94 VLANs and PVLANS 99 Understanding VLANs 99 VLANs and Hyper-V 102 PVLANs 104 How SCVMM Simplifies Networking with Hyper-V 107 SCVMM Networking Architecture 108 Deploying Networking with SCVMM 2016 114 Network Virtualization 129 Network Virtualization Overview 130 Network Controller 135 Software Load Balancer 137 Gateways 140 Datacenter Firewall 141 UDR, Port Mirroring, and Virtual Appliances 144 Implementing Network Virtualization 145 Summary 147 VMQ, RSS, and SR-IOV 148 SR-IOV 148 VMQ 151 RSS and vRSS 154 NIC Teaming 157 Host Virtual Adapters and Types of Networks Needed in a Hyper-V Host 160 Types of Guest Network Adapters 165 Monitoring Virtual Traffic 169 The Bottom Line 171 Chapter 4 Storage Configurations 173 Storage Fundamentals and VHDX 173 Types of Controllers 176 Common VHDX Maintenance Actions 177 Dynamic VHDX Resize 179 Storage Spaces and Windows as a Storage Solution 180 Storage Space Basics 181 Using Storage Spaces 182 Windows Server 2012 R2 Storage Space Changes 184 Windows Server 2016 Storage Space Changes 186 Storage Replica 193 Storage Spaces Direct and Storage Replica Together 197 Server Message Block Usage 197 SMB Technologies 198 SMB for Hyper-V Storage 203 iSCSI with Hyper-V 205 Using the Windows iSCSI Target 206 Using the Windows iSCSI Initiator 207 Considerations for Using iSCSI 209 Understanding Virtual Fibre Channel 209 Leveraging Shared VHDX and VHD Sets 216 Data Deduplication and Hyper-V 220 Storage Quality of Service 222 SAN Storage and SCVMM 227 The Bottom Line 229 Chapter 5 Managing Hyper-V 231 Installing Hyper-V231 Using Configuration Levels 233 Windows Server 2016 and Nano Server 235 Enabling the Hyper-V Role 243 Actions after Installation of Hyper-V 245 Deploying Hyper-V Servers with SCVMM 247 Hyper-V Management Tools 248 Using Hyper-V Manager 250 Core Actions Using PowerShell 255 VM Groups 259 PowerShell Direct 260 Securing the Hyper-V Server 261 Creating and Managing a Virtual Machine 262 Shielded VMs and Host Guardian Service 266 Review of Shielded VMs and Host Guardian Service 267 Deploying Shielded VMs 269 Creating and Using Hyper-V Templates 278 Hyper-V Integration Services and Supported Operating Systems 287 Migrating Physical Servers and Virtual Machines to Hyper-V Virtual Machines 291 Upgrading and Migrating from Previous Versions 293 Stand-Alone Hosts 294 Clusters 294 The Bottom Line 298 Chapter 6 Maintaining a Hyper-V Environment 299 Patch Planning and Implementation 299 Leveraging WSUS 300 Patching Hyper-V Clusters 301 Malware Configurations 304 Backup Planning 305 Defragmentation with Hyper-V 309 Using Checkpoints 312 Using Service Templates 317 Performance Tuning and Monitoring with Hyper-V 320 Resource Metering 324 Monitoring 329 The Bottom Line 330 Chapter 7 Failover Clustering and Migration Technologies 333 Failover Clustering Basics 333 Understanding Quorum and Why It s Important 335 Quorum Basics 336 Modifying Cluster Vote Configuration 343 Advanced Quorum Options and Forcing Quorums 345 Geographically Distributed Clusters 347 Why Use Clustering with Hyper-V? 350 Service Monitoring 351 Protected Network 353 Cluster-Aware Updating 354 Where to Implement High Availability 356 Configuring a Hyper-V Cluster 358 Cluster Network Requirements and Configurations 359 Performing Cluster Validation 369 Creating a Cluster 373 Creating Clusters with SCVMM 373 Using Cluster Shared Volumes 376 Making a Virtual Machine a Clustered Virtual Machine 381 Live Migration 383 Windows Server 2012 Live Migration Enhancements 386 Live Storage Move 388 Shared Nothing Live Migration 392 Configuring Constrained Delegation 394 Initiating Simultaneous Migrations Using PowerShell 397 Windows Server 2012 R2 Live Migration Enhancements 397 Dynamic Optimization and Resource Balancing 398 The Bottom Line 405 Chapter 8 Hyper-V Replica and Cloud Orchestration 407 The Need for Disaster Recovery and DR Basics 407 Asynchronous vs Synchronous Replication 409 Introduction to Hyper-V Replica 410 Enabling Hyper-V Replica 412 Configuring Hyper-V Replica 414 Using Hyper-V Replica Broker 421 Performing Hyper-V Replica Failover 422 Sizing a Hyper-V Replica Solution 428 Using Hyper-V Replica Cloud Orchestration for Automated Failover with Azure Site Recovery 430 Overview of Hyper-V Protection with Azure Site Recovery 431 Getting Started with ASR R 434 Architecting the Right Disaster-Recovery Solution 435 The Bottom Line436 Chapter 9 Implementing the Private Cloud, SCVMM, and Microsoft Azure Stack 437 The Benefits of the Private Cloud 437 Private Cloud Components 442 SCVMM Fundamentals 444 Major New Capabilities in SCVMM 2016 444 Installation 445 SCVMM Management Console 448 Libraries 452 Creating a Private Cloud by Using System Center Virtual Machine Manager 455 Granting Users Access to the Private Cloud 463 Enabling Workflows and Advanced Private Cloud Concepts by Using Service Manager and Orchestrator 463 Utilizing Windows Azure Pack 466 How the Rest of System Center Fits into Your Private Cloud Architecture 468 Understanding Microsoft Azure Stack 471 Architecture 473 Types of Deployment 476 What Does Azure Stack Mean? 476 Where Does System Center and Operations Management Suite Fit with Azure Stack 477 The Bottom Line 477 Chapter 10 Containers and Docker 479 Challenge of Application Deployment 479 Hyper-V Nested Virtualization 480 Windows Container Fundamentals 481 Windows Server Containers vsHyper-V Containers 484 Docker 486 Installing the Container Feature 488 Creating and Managing Containers 490 Configuring Networking 490 Creating and Interacting with Containers 498 Understanding Storage for Containers 503 Integrating Active Directory 504 Working with Image Registries 504 Patching and Updating 505 Using Containers in Your Organization 505 The Bottom Line 506 Chapter 11 Remote Desktop Services 507 Remote Desktop Services and Bring Your Own Device 507 Microsoft Desktop and Session Virtualization Technologies 512 RD Web Access 514 RD Connection Broker 515 RD Virtualization Host 516 RD Gateway 516 Requirements for a Complete Desktop Virtualization Solution 517 Creating the VDI Template 522 Deploying a New VDI Collection Using Scenario-Based Deployment 524 Personal Session Desktops 530 Using RemoteFX 532 Remote Desktop Protocol Capabilities 538 Using Multipoint Services 541 Choosing the Right Desktop Virtualization Technology 542 The Bottom Line 546 Chapter 12 Microsoft Azure IaaS, Storage, and Networking 547 Understanding Public Cloud as a Service 547 When Are Public Cloud Services the Best Solution? 549 Microsoft Azure 101 553 Microsoft Azure Compute 554 Capabilities of Azure IaaS and How It Is Purchased 555 Creating Virtual Machines in Azure IaaS 566 Availability Sets 568 Azure Storage 570 Virtual Networks 576 Linking On-Premises Networks with Azure IaaS 578 Managing with PowerShell 580 Migrating Virtual Machines Between Hyper-V and Azure IaaS 584 The Bottom Line 585 Chapter 13 Bringing It All Together with a Best-of-Breed Cloud Solution 587 Which Is the Right Technology to Choose? 587 Consider the Public Cloud 588 Decide If a Server Workload Should Be Virtualized 593 Do I Want a Private Cloud? 595 Enabling Single-Pane-of-Glass Management 596 The Bottom Line 598 Appendix The Bottom Line 599 Chapter 1: Introduction to Virtualization and Microsoft Solutions 599 Chapter 2: Virtual Machine Resource Fundamentals 600 Chapter 3: Virtual Networking 601 Chapter 4: Storage Confi gurations 602 Chapter 5: Managing Hyper-V 603 Chapter 6: Maintaining a Hyper-V Environment 604 Chapter 7: Failover Clustering and Migration Technologies 605 Chapter 8: Hyper-V Replica and Cloud Orchestration 605 Chapter 9: Implementing the Private Cloud, SCVMM, and Microsoft Azure Stack 606 Chapter 10: Containers and Docker 607 Chapter 11: Remote Desktop Services 608 Chapter 12: Microsoft Azure IaaS, Storage, and Networking 609 Chapter 13: Bringing It All Together with a Best-of-Breed Cloud Solution 610 Index 611 Mastering Windows Server® 2016 Hyper-V® 3 Acknowledgments 7 About the Author 9 Contents at a Glance 11 Contents 13 Introduction 21 Chapter 1 Introduction to Virtualization and Microsoft Solutions 25 The Evolution of the Datacenter 25 One Box, One Operating System 25 How Virtualization Has Changed the Way Companies Work and Its Key Values 29 History of Hyper-V 34 Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V Features 36 Windows Server 2008 R2 Changes 37 Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 39 Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V Changes 40 Windows Server 2012 R2 46 Windows Server 2016 48 Licensing of Hyper-V 50 One Operating System (Well Two, but Really One) with Windows Server 2012 and 2012 R2 50 Windows Server 2016 Changes to Licensing and Versions 53 Choosing the Version of Hyper-V 55 The Role of System Center with Hyper-V 56 System Center Configuration Manager 57 System Center Virtual Machine Manager and App Controller 58 System Center Operations Manager 58 System Center Data Protection Manager 59 System Center Service Manager 59 System Center Orchestrator 60 Clouds and Services 60 The Bottom Line 62 Chapter 2 Virtual Machine Resource Fundamentals 65 Understanding VMBus 65 The Anatomy of a Virtual Machine 68 Generation 1 Virtual Machine 69 Generation 2 Virtual Machine 74 VMCX Configuration File 77 VM Configuration Versions 78 Processor Resources 79 Virtual Processor to Logical Processor Scheduling 82 Processor Assignment 84 NUMA Support 90 Memory Resources 93 Dynamic Memory 93 Runtime Memory Resize 99 Virtual Storage 101 VHD 102 VHDX 103 Creating a Virtual Hard Disk 104 Pass-Through Storage 107 Discrete Device Assignment 107 The Bottom Line 110 Chapter 3 Virtual Networking 113 Virtual Switch Fundamentals 113 Three Types of Virtual Switches 113 Creating a Virtual Switch 116 Extensible Switch 118 VLANs and PVLANS 123 Understanding VLANs 123 VLANs and Hyper-V 126 PVLANs 128 How SCVMM Simplifies Networking with Hyper-V 131 SCVMM Networking Architecture 132 Deploying Networking with SCVMM 2016 138 Network Virtualization 153 Network Virtualization Overview 154 Network Controller 159 Software Load Balancer 161 Gateways 164 Datacenter Firewall 165 UDR, Port Mirroring, and Virtual Appliances 168 Implementing Network Virtualization 169 Summary 171 VMQ, RSS, and SR-IOV 172 SR-IOV 172 VMQ 175 RSS and vRSS 178 NIC Teaming 181 Host Virtual Adapters and Types of Networks Needed in a Hyper-V Host 184 Types of Guest Network Adapters 189 Monitoring Virtual Traffic 193 The Bottom Line 195 Chapter 4 Storage Configurations 197 Storage Fundamentals and VHDX 197 Types of Controllers 200 Common VHDX Maintenance Actions 201 Dynamic VHDX Resize 203 Storage Spaces and Windows as a Storage Solution 204 Storage Space Basics 205 Using Storage Spaces 206 Windows Server 2012 R2 Storage Space Changes 208 Windows Server 2016 Storage Space Changes 210 Storage Replica 217 Storage Spaces Direct and Storage Replica Together 221 Server Message Block Usage 221 SMB Technologies 222 SMB for Hyper-V Storage 227 iSCSI with Hyper-V 229 Using the Windows iSCSI Target 230 Using the Windows iSCSI Initiator 231 Considerations for Using iSCSI 233 Understanding Virtual Fibre Channel 233 Leveraging Shared VHDX and VHD Sets 240 Data Deduplication and Hyper-V 244 Storage Quality of Service 246 SAN Storage and SCVMM 251 The Bottom Line 253 Chapter 5 Managing Hyper-V 255 Installing Hyper-V 255 Using Configuration Levels 257 Windows Server 2016 and Nano Server 259 Enabling the Hyper-V Role 267 Actions after Installation of Hyper-V 269 Deploying Hyper-V Servers with SCVMM 271 Hyper-V Management Tools 272 Using Hyper-V Manager 274 Core Actions Using PowerShell 279 VM Groups 283 PowerShell Direct 284 Securing the Hyper-V Server 285 Creating and Managing a Virtual Machine 286 Shielded VMs and Host Guardian Service 290 Review of Shielded VMs and Host Guardian Service 291 Deploying Shielded VMs 293 Creating and Using Hyper-V Templates 302 Hyper-V Integration Services and Supported Operating Systems 311 Migrating Physical Servers and Virtual Machines to Hyper-V Virtual Machines 315 Upgrading and Migrating from Previous Versions 317 Stand-Alone Hosts 318 Clusters 318 The Bottom Line 322 Chapter 6 Maintaining a Hyper-V Environment 323 Patch Planning and Implementation 323 Leveraging WSUS 324 Patching Hyper-V Clusters 325 Malware Configurations 328 Backup Planning 329 Defragmentation with Hyper-V 333 Using Checkpoints 336 Using Service Templates 341 Performance Tuning and Monitoring with Hyper-V 344 Resource Metering 348 Monitoring 353 The Bottom Line 354 Chapter 7 Failover Clustering and Migration Technologies 357 Failover Clustering Basics 357 Understanding Quorum and Why It’s Important 359 Quorum Basics 360 Modifying Cluster Vote Configuration 367 Advanced Quorum Options and Forcing Quorums 369 Geographically Distributed Clusters 371 Why Use Clustering with Hyper-V? 374 Service Monitoring 375 Protected Network 377 Cluster-Aware Updating 378 Where to Implement High Availability 380 Configuring a Hyper-V Cluster 382 Cluster Network Requirements and Configurations 383 Performing Cluster Validation 393 Creating a Cluster 397 Creating Clusters with SCVMM 397 Using Cluster Shared Volumes 400 Making a Virtual Machine a Clustered Virtual Machine 405 Live Migration 407 Windows Server 2012 Live Migration Enhancements 410 Live Storage Move 412 Shared Nothing Live Migration 416 Configuring Constrained Delegation 418 Initiating Simultaneous Migrations Using PowerShell 421 Windows Server 2012 R2 Live Migration Enhancements 421 Dynamic Optimization and Resource Balancing 422 The Bottom Line 429 Chapter 8 Hyper-V Replica and Cloud Orchestration 431 The Need for Disaster Recovery and DR Basics 431 Asynchronous vs. Synchronous Replication 433 Introduction to Hyper-V Replica 434 Enabling Hyper-V Replica 436 Configuring Hyper-V Replica 438 Using Hyper-V Replica Broker 445 Performing Hyper-V Replica Failover 446 Sizing a Hyper-V Replica Solution 452 Using Hyper-V Replica Cloud Orchestration for Automated Failover with Azure Site Recovery 454 Overview of Hyper-V Protection with Azure Site Recovery 455 Getting Started with ASR 458 Architecting the Right Disaster-Recovery Solution 459 The Bottom Line 460 Chapter 9 Implementing the Private Cloud, SCVMM, and Microsoft Azure Stack 461 The Benefits of the Private Cloud 461 Private Cloud Components 466 SCVMM Fundamentals 468 Major New Capabilities in SCVMM 2016 468 Installation 469 SCVMM Management Console 472 Libraries 476 Creating a Private Cloud by Using System Center Virtual Machine Manager 479 Granting Users Access to the Private Cloud 487 Enabling Workflows and Advanced Private Cloud Concepts by Using Service Manager and Orchestrator 487 Utilizing Windows Azure Pack 490 How the Rest of System Center Fits into Your Private Cloud Architecture 492 Understanding Microsoft Azure Stack 495 Architecture 497 Types of Deployment 500 What Does Azure Stack Mean? 500 Where Does System Center and Operations Management Suite Fit with Azure Stack 501 The Bottom Line 501 Chapter 10 Containers and Docker 503 Challenge of Application Deployment 503 Hyper-V Nested Virtualization 504 Windows Container Fundamentals 505 Windows Server Containers vs. Hyper-V Containers 508 Docker 510 Installing the Container Feature 512 Creating and Managing Containers 514 Configuring Networking 514 Creating and Interacting with Containers 522 Understanding Storage for Containers 527 Integrating Active Directory 528 Working with Image Registries 528 Patching and Updating 529 Using Containers in Your Organization 529 The Bottom Line 530 Chapter 11 Remote Desktop Services 531 Remote Desktop Services and Bring Your Own Device 531 Microsoft Desktop and Session Virtualization Technologies 536 RD Web Access 538 RD Connection Broker 539 RD Virtualization Host 540 RD Gateway 540 Requirements for a Complete Desktop Virtualization Solution 541 Creating the VDI Template 546 Deploying a New VDI Collection Using Scenario-Based Deployment 548 Personal Session Desktops 554 Using RemoteFX 556 Remote Desktop Protocol Capabilities 562 Using Multipoint Services 565 Choosing the Right Desktop Virtualization Technology 566 The Bottom Line 570 Chapter 12 Microsoft Azure IaaS, Storage, and Networking 571 Understanding Public Cloud “as a Service” 571 When Are Public Cloud Services the Best Solution? 573 Microsoft Azure 101 577 Microsoft Azure Compute 578 Capabilities of Azure IaaS and How It Is Purchased 579 Creating Virtual Machines in Azure IaaS 590 Availability Sets 592 Azure Storage 594 Virtual Networks 600 Linking On-Premises Networks with Azure IaaS 602 Managing with PowerShell 604 Migrating Virtual Machines Between Hyper-V and Azure IaaS 608 The Bottom Line 609 Chapter 13 Bringing It All Together with a Best-of-Breed Cloud Solution 611 Which Is the Right Technology to Choose? 611 Consider the Public Cloud 612 Decide If a Server Workload Should Be Virtualized 617 Do I Want a Private Cloud? 619 Enabling Single-Pane-of-Glass Management 620 The Bottom Line 622 Appendix The Bottom Line 623 Chapter 1: Introduction to Virtualization and Microsoft Solutions 623 Chapter 2: Virtual Machine Resource Fundamentals 624 Chapter 3: Virtual Networking 625 Chapter 4: Storage Configurations 626 Chapter 5: Managing Hyper-V 627 Chapter 6: Maintaining a Hyper-V Environment 628 Chapter 7: Failover Clustering and Migration Technologies 629 Chapter 8: Hyper-V Replica and Cloud Orchestration 629 Chapter 9: Implementing the Private Cloud, SCVMM, and Microsoft Azure Stack 630 Chapter 10: Containers and Docker 631 Chapter 11: Remote Desktop Services 632 Chapter 12: Microsoft Azure IaaS, Storage, and Networking 633 Chapter 13: Bringing It All Together with a Best-of-Breed Cloud Solution 634 Index 635 EULA 651 Build a seamless, flexible, full-service datacenter solution

Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Hyper-V is the IT administrator's guide to this rising datacenter solution. Hyper-V has already surpassed VMWare in datacenter management, identity service for multiple devices, and more; this book shows you how to harness the power of this hypervisor to simplify the infrastructure, reduce costs, improve productivity, and better manage system resources. From a tour of the technology through architecture, deployment, and integration of System Center, Microsoft Azure, and Microsoft Azure Stack, the discussion illustrates the skills you need to create a complete solution for optimum enterprise management. Coverage includes Windows Azure capabilities for virtual machines, managing a hybrid cloud, IaaS, storage capabilities, PowerShell, and more, with practical real-world guidance from a leading authority in the field.

Hyper-V has recently undergone improvements in scalability and features that have positioned it as an ideal solution in the Small/Medium Business and Enterprise markets. This book shows you how to exploit these new capabilities to build a robust data solution for your organization.

• Discover the capabilities of Microsoft Hyper-V
• Architect a Hyper-V datacenter solution
• Plan and manage a deployment or migration
• Integrate complementary technologies for full scalability

Data is everywhere—on desktops, laptops, phones, and multiple operating systems, accessed through email, text messages, web searches, online services, and more. All of this data must be stored, accessible, updated, backed up, secured, managed, sorted, and analyzed—sometimes instantly. Hyper-V is the rising star in the virtualization space, and Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Hyper-V shows you how to turn greater capabilities into better datacenter solutions.