Mastering the World of Psychology plus NEW MyLab Psychology with eText -- Access Card Package (5th Edition)

**__Provides the Most Student Support__** __Mastering the World of Psychology, 5/e,__ provides students with more support than ever before, thanks to the Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Review Learning Method, or SQ3R, which is integrated throughout the text. SQ3R shows students the relationship between psychological theory and learning. It is the strongest and most comprehensive program for measuring progress and attaining successful outcomes in Introductory Psychology. Note: This is the standalone book , if you want the book/access card you can order the ISBN below 0205969569 / 9780205969562 Mastering the World of Psychology plus NEW MyPsychLab with eText -- Access Card Package **Package consists of:** **0205206514 / 9780205206513 NEW MyPsychLab with Pearson eText -- Valuepack Access Card** **0205968082 / 9780205968084 Mastering the World of Psychology** **ALERT:** Before you purchase, check with your instructor or review your course syllabus to ensure that you select the correct ISBN. Several versions of Pearson's MyLab & Mastering products exist for each title, including customized versions for individual schools, and registrations are not transferable. In addition, you may need a CourseID, provided by your instructor, to register for and use Pearson's MyLab & Mastering products. **NOTE:** Make sure to use the dashes shown on the Access Card Code when entering the code. **Student can use the URL and phone number below to help answer their questions:** **http://247pearsoned.custhelp.com/app/home** **800-677-6337** Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Acknowledgments List of Features About the Authors APA Correlation 1 Introduction to Psychology THINK ABOUT IT An Introduction to Mastering the World of Psychology Studying Psychology: Some Tricks of the Trade Is Psychology a Science? APPLY IT: More Tips for Effective Studying The Goals of Psychology Psychology Then and Now Exploring Psychology’s Roots Schools of Thought in Psychology Contemporary Psychological Perspectives Specialties in Psychology Thinking about Theories and Research Evaluating Theories Evaluating Research Descriptive Research Methods Observational and Case Studies Survey Research The Correlational Method TRY IT: What Is the Third Variable Problem? EXPLAIN IT: What Is a Credit Score? The Experimental Method Experiments and Hypothesis Testing Limitations of the Experimental Method TRY IT: Does Random Assignment Really Make Groups Equal? Research Participants Participant-Related Bias in Psychological Research Protecting Human Participants’ and Animals’ Rights 2 Biology and Behavior THINK ABOUT IT Discovering the Mysteries of the Nervous System The EEG and the Microelectrode Imaging Techniques The Neurons and the Neurotransmitters The Structure of the Neuron Communication between Neurons Neurotransmitters The Human Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System The Central Nervous System A Closer Look at the Thinking Part of the Brain Components of the Cerebrum The Cerebral Hemispheres EXPLAIN IT: Why Are Most People Right-Handed? TRY IT: A Balancing Act The Four Cerebral Lobes Age, Gender, and the Brain The Ever-Changing Brain TRY IT: Mirror Tracing Gender Differences in the Brain Beyond the Nervous System The Endocrine System Genes and Behavioral Genetics APPLY IT: Should You Consult a Genetic Counselor? 3 Sensation and Perception THINK ABOUT IT The Process of Sensation The Absolute and Difference Thresholds TRY IT: Absolute Threshold Transduction and Adaptation TRY IT: Sensory Adaptation Vision The Eye Vision and the Brain Color Vision TRY IT: A Negative Afterimage Hearing and Balance Sound The Ear and Hearing EXPLAIN IT: Why Can’t Everyone Hear the “Mosquito” Ring Tone? Balance and Movement Smell, Taste, and Touch Smell Taste Touch and Pain Influences on Perception Attention APPLY IT: How Dangerous Is It to Talk on a Cell Phone or Text while Driving? Prior Knowledge TRY IT: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing Social Perception Principles of Perception Perceptual Organization and Constancy Depth Perception Perception of Motion Unusual Perceptual Experiences Puzzling Perceptions Subliminal Perception, Extrasensory Perception, and Synesthesia 4 Consciousness THINK ABOUT IT What Is Consciousness? Changing Views of Consciousness Culture and Altered States of Consciousness Circadian Rhythms EXPLAIN IT: How Does the Brain Keep Track of Time? The Influence of Circadian Rhythms Disruptions in Circadian Rhythms Sleep Why We Sleep How We Sleep Variations in Sleep Sleep Deprivation Sleep Disorders APPLY IT: How to Get a Good Night’s Sleep Dreams The Content of Our Dreams Interpreting Dreams TRY IT: Lucid Dreaming Meditation and Hypnosis Meditation TRY IT: The Relaxation Response Hypnosis Psychoactive Drugs How Drugs Affect the Brain Substance Abuse and Addiction Stimulants Depressants Hallucinogens 5 Learning THINK ABOUT IT Classical Conditioning Pavlov and the Process of Classical Conditioning Changing Conditioned Responses TRY IT: Classical Conditioning John Watson and Emotional Conditioning The Cognitive Perspective Biological Predispositions Classical Conditioning in Everyday Life Operant Conditioning Thorndike, Skinner, and the Consequences of Behavior The Process of Operant Conditioning Reinforcement Schedules of Reinforcement Punishment Escape and Avoidance Learning APPLY IT: How to Win the Battle against Procrastination Applications of Operant Conditioning TRY IT: Using Behavior Modification Cognitive Learning Learning by Insight Latent Learning and Cognitive Maps Observational Learning Learning from Media EXPLAIN IT: How Do the Principles of Learning Explain the Behavior of Smoking Cigarettes? 6 Memory THINK ABOUT IT The Structure of Human Memory What Is Memory? Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory EXPLAIN IT: Why Is Cramming an Ineffective Study Method? Long-Term Memory APPLY IT: Improving Memory A Closer Look at Retrieval Measuring Retrieval Influences on Retrieval Remembering as Reconstruction The Process of Reconstruction Source, Flashbulb, and Autobiographical Memories TRY IT: Creating a False Memory Influences on Reconstructive Memory Forgetting Ebbinghaus and the Curve of Forgetting Why Do We Forget? TRY IT: A Penny for Your Thoughts Biology and Memory The Hippocampus and Hippocampal Region Neuronal Changes and Memory Hormones and Memory Memory Loss Memory in Legal and Therapeutic Settings Eyewitness Testimony The Repressed Memory Controversy 7 Cognition, Language, and Intelligence THINK ABOUT IT Cognition Imagery and Concepts Decision Making TRY IT: Using the Additive Strategy to Choose an Apartment EXPLAIN IT: Why Do People Overestimate the Likelihood of Rare Events? Problem Solving TRY IT: Water Lily Problem Artificial Intelligence Language The Structure of Language Animal Language Language and Thinking Learning a Second Language Intelligence The Nature of Intelligence Measuring Cognitive Abilities Intelligence Testing: Past and Present The Range of Intelligence Explaining Differences in Intelligence Nature, Nurture, and IQ Race and IQ APPLY IT: How to Build a Powerful Vocabulary Gender Differences in Cognitive Abilities Beyond Intelligence Emotional Intelligence Creativity TRY IT: Find Your EQ 8 Human Development THINK ABOUT IT Theories of Development Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development TRY IT: Conservation of Volume Alternatives to Piaget’s theory Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development TRY IT: The Heinz Dilemma Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development Prenatal Development and Infancy From Conception to Birth Perceptual and Motor Development Temperament Attachment Early and Middle Childhood Language Development Socialization Gender Role Development Adolescence Puberty and Sexual Behavior Social Relationships Emerging Adulthood EXPLAIN IT: Why Are Peer Groups Important in Adolescence? Early and Middle Adulthood Physical and Cognitive Changes Social Development APPLY IT: Where Are You in the Career Development Process? Later Adulthood Physical and Cognitive Changes TRY IT: Stereotypes about Later Adulthood Social Adjustment Successful Aging Death and Dying 9 Motivation and Emotion THINK ABOUT IT Explaining Motivation Foundations of Motivation Biological Approaches to Motivation EXPLAIN IT: Why Are Dangerous Hobbies Appealing to Some People? Behavioral and Social-Cognitive Approaches to Motivation TRY IT: What Is Your n ACH? Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Hunger Internal and External Cues Explaining Variations in Body Weight Obesity and Weight Loss Eating Disorders Sexual Motivation Sexual Attitudes and Behavior Sexual Desire and Arousal Sexual Orientation Social Attitudes toward Gays and Lesbians Emotion Theories of Emotion Emotion and the Brain Gender Differences in Emotion The Expression of Emotion TRY IT: Recognizing Basic Emotions APPLY IT: The Quest for Happiness 10 Health and Stress THINK ABOUT IT Sources of Stress The Life Events Approach TRY IT: Finding a Life Stress Score Everyday Stressors Stress in the Workplace Social Sources of Stress The Health-Stress Connection The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Illness The Physiology of the Health-Stress Connection Theories of Stress Response Risk and Resilience EXPLAIN IT: Why Do Pop Quizzes Facilitate Learning? TRY IT: How Resilient Are You? Health and Illness Coronary Heart Disease Cancer Gender and Health Ethnic Group Differences in Health Lifestyle and Health Smoking and Health APPLY IT: Interpreting Health Information on the Internet Alcohol Abuse Sexually Transmitted Diseases TRY IT: AIDS Quiz Diet and Exercise Alternative Medicine 11 Personality Theory and Assessment THINK ABOUT IT Psychoanalytic Theories Freud’s Theory of Personality The Psychosexual Stages of Development Evaluating Freud’s Contribution The Neo-Freudians Humanistic Theories Two Humanistic Theories Self-Esteem TRY IT: How High Is Your Self-Esteem? Trait Theories Early Trait Theories The Five-Factor Model Nature, Nurture, and Personality Traits Personality and Culture Social-Cognitive Theories The Situation–Trait Debate Self-Efficacy and Locus of Control TRY IT: What Is Your Locus of Control? EXPLAIN IT: How Personality Theories Answer the Question, “Why Do Some People Fail to Develop a Conscience?” Personality Assessment Observation, Interviews, and Rating Scales Personality Inventories APPLY IT: Put Your Best Foot Forward Projective Tests 12 Psychological Disorders THINK ABOUT IT Defining Psychological Disorders What Is Abnormal Behavior? Classifying and Tracking Psychological Disorders Explaining Psychological Disorders Anxiety Disorders Panic Attacks, Agoraphobia, and Panic Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia), and Specific Phobia APPLY IT: Overcoming the Fear of Public Speaking TRY IT: Phobia Names Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Depressive and Bipolar Disorders Major Depressive Disorder Bipolar Disorders Explaining Depressive and Bipolar Disorders EXPLAIN IT: How Do Cultural Beliefs about Ideal Emotional States Lead to Depression? Suicide and Race, Gender, and Age Schizophrenia Symptoms of Schizophrenia Explaining Schizophrenia Somatic Symptom, Dissociative, Gender, and Personality Disorders Somatic Symptom Disorders Dissociative Disorders Sexual Dysfunctions Personality Disorders Childhood Disorders Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 13 Therapies THINK ABOUT IT Insight Therapies Psychodynamic Therapies Humanistic Therapies Gestalt Therapy Relationship Therapies Family Therapy and Couple Therapy Group Therapy Behavior Therapies Behavior Modification Techniques Based on Operant Conditioning Behavior Therapies Based on Other Learning Theories TRY IT: A Possible Hierarchy of Fears Cognitive Behavior Therapies Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Beck’s Cognitive Therapy Biomedical Therapies Drug Therapy EXPLAIN IT: Why Are Smoking Rates So High among People with Schizophrenia? Electroconvulsive Therapy Psychosurgery Practical Issues in Psychotherapy Choosing a Therapist APPLY IT: Is E-therapy Right for You? Culturally Sensitive Therapy Gender-Sensitive Therapy Evaluating the Therapies 14 Social Psychology THINK ABOUT IT Social Cognition Impression Formation and Management Attribution Attraction Factors Influencing Attraction Intimate Relationships TRY IT: Choosing a Life Partner Conformity, Obedience, and Compliance Conformity Obedience Compliance Group Influence Social Facilitation and Social Loafing Group Decision Making EXPLAIN IT: Why Doesn’t Groupthink Occur in Every Tightly Knit Group? Social Roles Attitudes and Attitude Change Attitudes Cognitive Dissonance Persuasion Prosocial Behavior Reasons for Helping The Bystander Effect Aggression Biological Factors in Aggression Other Influences on Aggression The Social Learning Theory of Aggression Prejudice and Discrimination The Roots of Prejudice and Discrimination Is Prejudice Decreasing? APPLY IT: “Unlearning” Prejudice APPENDIX: Statistical Methods Descriptive Statistics Describing Data with Tables and Graphs Measures of Central Tendency Measures of Variability The Normal Curve The Correlation Coefficient Inferential Statistics Statistical Significance Answers to Study Guide Questions Glossary A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z References Credits Name Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z Subject Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Пустая страница