Master of Penance: Gratian and the Development of Penitential Thought and Law in the Twelfth Century (Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Canon Law)

This Book Presents The First Full-scale Study Of The Tractatus De Penitentia (c.33 Q.3) In Gratian's Decretum, Which Became The Textbook For Canon Law And Served As The Basis Of The Church's Developing Jurisprudence, In Theory And In Practice. The Treatise On Penance Stands Out As A Distinct, Overtly Theological Section Of Gratian's Work And Was Long Suspected Of Being A Later Addition To The Decretum. As A Result, The Treatise Has Not Received Thorough Treatment And Has Often Not Been Included In Scholars' General Discussions Of Gratian's Work, Its Nature, And Its Purpose. Manuscript Discoveries In The 1990s Proved The Treatise To Be Authentic And To Be Part Of Gratian's Early Drafting Of His Text. This Study Examines The Treatise In Its Entirety, Providing A Commentary On The Content Of The Treatise (which Extends Beyond Questions Of Penance) And An Examination Of Its Relationship To The Early Twelfth-century Schools, Positing Above All A Connection To The School Of Anselm Of Laon. The Study Also Re-examines The Question Of The Nature And Purpose Of Gratian's Decretum In Light Of The Original Inclusion Of De Penitentia And Of Gratian's Role As A Teacher, Or Master. The Second Half Of The Book Traces The Influence Of De Penitentia In The Second Half Of The Twelfth Century And Through The Pontificate Of Innocent, Culminating In The Fourth Lateran Council (1215). That Period Was Crucial For The Development Of Systematic Theology And Ecclesiastical Jurisprudence. Nevertheless, The Period Was Also One In Which Boundaries Between Academic Fields Were Far From Solidified, Which The Treatment Of De Penitentia By Various Intellectuals Demonstrates. The Period Witnessed As Well The Development Of New Kinds Of Penitential Literature And An Increase Of Business At The Papal Curia. Gratian's De Penitentia Exercised Influence In Both Realms. In Brief, Gratian's De Penitentia Constituted The Fundamental Text On Penance In The Period.--pub. Desc. Distinctio 1: Contrition Or Confession -- What Remits Sins? -- Distinctio 2: Regaining Love Like David Or Losing Love Like Satan? -- Distinctio 3: Sin And The Nature Of True Penance -- Distinctio 4: When Forgiven Sins Come Back To Haunt You -- Distinctiones 5-7: True Penance, Proper Confessor-priests, And Secure Death -- Penance In Practice: Extra-de Penitentia Texts On Penance In The Decretum -- From Discipulus Anselmi To Magister Clericorum -- From One Master To Another: Peter Lombard's Usage Of De Penitentia -- De Penitentia In The Classroom (1): The Early Reception, 1140-1170 -- De Penitentia In The Classroom (2): Paris And Bologna At The End Of The Twelfth Century -- Moving Beyond The Classroom: De Penitentia In England And Southern France, 1160-1190 -- De Penitentia Outside The Classroom: The Papal Curia, 1159-1215. Atria A. Larson. Originally Presented As The Author's Thesis (doctoral)--catholic University Of America, 2010, Under Title: Gratian's Tractatus De Penitentia : A Textual Study And Intellectual History. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 519-542) And Indexes. "This book presents the first full-scale study of the Tractatus de penitentia (C.33 q.3) in Gratian's Decretum, which became the textbook for canon law and served as the basis of the church's developing jurisprudence, in theory and in practice. The treatise on penance stands out as a distinct, overtly theological section of Gratian's work and was long suspected of being a later addition to the Decretum. As a result, the treatise has not received thorough treatment and has often not been included in scholars' general discussions of Gratian's work, its nature, and its purpose. Manuscript discoveries in the 1990s proved the treatise to be authentic and to be part of Gratian's early drafting of his text. This study examines the treatise in its entirety, providing a commentary on the content of the treatise (which extends beyond questions of penance) and an examination of its relationship to the early twelfth-century schools, positing above all a connection to the school of Anselm of Laon. The study also re-examines the question of the nature and purpose of Gratian's Decretum in light of the original inclusion of De penitentia and of Gratian's role as a teacher, or master. The second half of the book traces the influence of De penitentia in the second half of the twelfth century and through the pontificate of Innocent, culminating in the Fourth Lateran Council (1215). That period was crucial for the development of systematic theology and ecclesiastical jurisprudence. Nevertheless, the period was also one in which boundaries between academic fields were far from solidified, which the treatment of De penitentia by various intellectuals demonstrates. The period witnessed as well the development of new kinds of penitential literature and an increase of business at the papal curia. Gratian's De penitentia exercised influence in both realms. In brief, Gratian's De penitentia constituted the fundamental text on penance in the period."-- Provided by publisher Contents Figures and Table Acknowledgments Author's Note Abbreviations Introduction Part I. The Tractatus de penitentia of Gratian's Decretum 1. Distinctio 1: Contrition or Confession—What Remits Sins? 2. Distinctio 2: Regaining Love Like David or Losing Love Like Satan 3. Distinctio 3: Sin and the Nature of True Penance 4. Distinctio 4: When Forgiven Sins Come Back to Haunt You 5. Distinctiones 5–7: True Penance, Proper Confessor-Priests, and Secure Death 6. Penance in Practice: Extra–De penitentia Texts on Penance in the Decretum 7. From Discipulus Anselmi to Magister clericorum Part II. The Reception of Gratian’s Tractatus de penitentia 8. From One Master to Another: Peter Lombard’s Usage of Gratian's De penitentia 9. De penitentia in the Classroom (1): The Early Reception, 1140–1170 10. De penitentia in the Classroom (2): Paris and Bologna at the End of the Twelfth Century 11. Moving beyond the Classroom: De penitentia in England and Southern France, 1160–1190 12. De penitentia outside the Classroom: The Papal Curia, 1159–1215 Conclusion Appendix A: The Progressive Formation of De penitentia D.7 cc.2–4 Appendix B: Overlapping Texts between Peter Lombard, Sent. 4.14–22 and the Decretum Appendix C: Adaptatio ab Omnibono Tractatus de penitentia Gratiani Appendix D: De penitentia in Celestine III’s Decretal Cum non ab homine Bibliography Index of Decretum Gratiani Manuscripts Index of Canon Law Citations General Index Distinctio 1: contrition or confession what remits sins? Distinctio 2: regaining love like David or losing love like Satan? Distinctio 3: sin and the nature of true penance Distinctio 4: when forgiven sins come back to haunt you Distinctiones 5-7: true penance, proper confessor-priests, and secure death Penance in practice: extra-de penitentia texts on penance in the decretum From Discipulus Anselmi to Magister Clericorum From one master to another : Peter Lombard's usage of De Penitentia De Penitentia in the classroom (1): the early reception, 1140 1170 De Penitentia in the classroom (2): Paris and Bologna at the end of the twelfth century Moving beyond the classroom : De Penitentia in England and Southern France, 1160-1190 De Penitentia outside the classroom : the Papal Curia, 1159-1215 Conclusion.