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Presenting coverage of the major theorists who represent different aspects of the approaches to personality, this text also looks at the study of personality theories, suggesting conclusions that can be drawn from many theorists' work. How does using FaceBook affect your personality? Do selfies show the real you? You'll find the answers in THEORIES OF PERSONALITY, 11th Edition, which gives you a clear and cogent introduction to this dynamic field. Updated with new research and findings, this popular text discusses major theorists who represent psychoanalytic, neopsychoanalytic, lifespan, trait, humanistic, cognitive, behavioral, and social-learning approaches, while demonstrating the influence of events in theorists' lives on the development of their theories. It reviews current work on selected facets of personality including locus of control, sensation seeking, learned helplessness, optimism-pessimism, and positive psychology, and explores how race, gender, and cultural issues play a part in the study of personality and in personality assessment. The final chapter integrates topics explored in previous chapters and suggests conclusions that can be drawn from the many theorists' work Cover ES-2 Half Title Title Statement Copyright Brief Contents Contents Preface to the Eleventh Edition Ch 1: Personality: What It Is and Why You Should Care Take a Look at the Word Personality and the Social Media The Role of Race and Gender in Shaping Personality The Role of Culture in Shaping Personality Assessing Your Personality Research in the Study of Personality The Role of Theory in Personality Theories Questions about Human Nature: What Are We Like? Ch 1: Chapter Summary Ch 1: Review Questions Ch 1: Suggested Readings The Psychoanalytic Approach Ch 2: Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalysis The Life of Freud (1856–1939) Instincts: The Propelling Forces of the Personality The Levels of Personality The Structure of Personality Anxiety: A Threat to the Ego Defenses against Anxiety Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development Questions about Human Nature Assessment in Freud’s Theory Criticisms of Freud’s Research Extensions of Freudian Theory Reflections on Freud’s Theory Ch 2: Chapter Summary Ch 2: Review Questions Ch 2: Suggested Readings The Neo-psychoanalytic Approach Ch 3: Carl Jung: Analytical Psychology The Life of Jung (1875–1961) Psychic Energy: The Basis of Jung’s System Aspects of Personality The Development of the Personality Questions about Human Nature Assessment in Jung’s Theory Research on Jung’s Theory Reflections on Jung’s Theory Ch 3: Chapter Summary Ch 3: Review Questions Ch 3: Suggested Readings Ch 4: Alfred Adler: Individual Psychology The Life of Adler (1870–1937) Inferiority Feelings: The Source of All Human Striving Striving for Superiority, or Perfection The Style of Life Social Interest Birth Order Questions about Human Nature Assessment in Adler’s Theory Research on Adler’s Theory Reflections on Adler’s Theory Ch 4: Chapter Summary Ch 4: Review Questions Ch 4: Suggested Readings Ch 5: Karen Horney: Neurotic Needs and Trends The Life of Horney (1885–1952) The Childhood Need for Safety and Security Basic Anxiety: The Foundation of Neurosis Neurotic Needs The Idealized Self-Image Feminine Psychology Questions about Human Nature Assessment in Horney’s Theory Research on Horney’s Theory Reflections on Horney’s Theory Ch 5: Chapter Summary Ch 5: Review Questions Ch 5:Suggested Readings The Life-Span Approach Ch 6: Erik Erikson: Identity Theory The Life of Erikson (1902–1994) Psychosocial Stages of Personality Development Basic Strengths Basic Weaknesses Questions about Human Nature Assessment in Erikson’s Theory Research on Erikson’s Theory Reflections on Erikson’s Theory Ch 6: Chapter Summary Ch 6: Review Questions Ch 6: Suggested Readings The Genetics Approach Ch 7: Gordon Allport: Motivation and Personality Allport Brings Personality into the Classroom and the Psychology Lab The Life of Allport (1897–1967) The Nature of Personality Personality Traits Motivation: What We Strive for Personality Development in Childhood: The Unique Self The Healthy Adult Personality Questions about Human Nature Assessment in Allport’s Theory Research on Allport’s Theory Reflections on Allport’s Theory Ch 7: Chapter Summary Ch 7: Review Questions Ch 7:Suggested Readings Ch 8: Raymond Cattell, Hans Eysenck, The Five-Factor Theory, HEXACO, and the Dark Triad Predicting Behavior The Life of Cattell (1905–1998) Cattell’s Approach to Personality Traits Source Traits: The Basic Factors of Personality Dynamic Traits: The Motivating Forces The Influences of Heredity and Environment Stages of Personality Development Questions about Human Nature Assessment in Cattell’s Theory Research on Cattell’s Theory Reflections on Cattell’s Theory Behavioral Genetics Hans Eysenck (1916–1997) The Dimensions of Personality Robert McCrae and Paul Costa: The Five-Factor Model Michael Ashton and Kibeom Lee: HEXACO: The Six-Factor Model Delroy Paulhus and Kevin Williams: The Dark Triad of Personality Personality Traits and the Internet Reflections on the Trait Approach Ch 8: Chapter Summary Ch 8: Review Questions Ch 8: Suggested Readings The Humanistic Approach Ch 9: Abraham Maslow: Needs-Hierarchy Theory The Life of Maslow (1908–1970) Personality Development: The Hierarchy of Needs The Study of Self-Actualizers Questions about Human Nature Assessment in Maslow’s Theory Research on Maslow’s Theory Self-Determination Theory Reflections on Maslow’s Theory Ch 9: Chapter Summary Ch 9: Review Questions Ch 9: Suggested Readings Ch 10: Carl Rogers: Self-Actualization Theory The Life of Rogers (1902–1987) The Self and the Tendency toward Actualization The Experiential World The Development of the Self in Childhood Characteristics of Fully Functioning Persons Questions about Human Nature Assessment in Rogers’s Theory Research on Rogers’s Theory Reflections on Rogers’s Theory Ch 10: Chapter Summary Ch 10: Review Questions Ch 10: Suggested Readings The Cognitive Approach Ch 11: George Kelly: Personal Construct Theory The Cognitive Movement in Psychology The Life of Kelly (1905–1967) Personal Construct Theory Ways of Anticipating Life Events Questions about Human Nature Assessment in Kelly’s Theory Research on Kelly’s Theory Reflections on Kelly’s Theory Ch 11: Chapter Summary Ch 11: Review Questions Ch 11: Suggested Readings The Behavioral Approach Ch 12: B. F. Skinner: Reinforcement Theory Rats, Pigeons, and an Empty Organism The Life of Skinner (1904–1990) Reinforcement: The Basis of Behavior Operant Conditioning and the Skinner Box Schedules of Reinforcement The Shaping of Behavior Superstitious Behavior The Self-Control of Behavior Applications of Operant Conditioning Questions about Human Nature Assessment in Skinner’s Theory Research on Skinner’s Theory Reflections on Skinner’s Theory Ch 12: Chapter Summary Ch 12: Review Questions Ch 12: Suggested Readings The Social-Learning Approach Ch 13: Albert Bandura: Modeling Theory The Life of Bandura (1925–) Modeling: The Basis of Observational Learning The Processes of Observational Learning Self-Reinforcement and Self-Efficacy Developmental Stages of Self-Efficacy Behavior Modification Questions about Human Nature Assessment in Bandura’s Theory Research on Bandura’s Theory Reflections on Bandura’s Theory Ch 13: Chapter Summary Ch 13: Review Questions Ch 13: Suggested Readings The Limited-Domain Approach Ch 14: Facets of Personality: Taking Control, Taking Chances, and Finding Happiness Julian Rotter: Locus of Control Marvin Zuckerman: Sensation Seeking Martin E. P. Seligman: Learned Helplessness and the Optimistic/Pessimistic Explanatory Style Martin Seligman: Positive Psychology Ch 14: Chapter Summary Ch 14: Review Questions Ch 14: Suggested Readings Ch 15: Personality in Perspective The Genetic Factor The Environmental Factor The Learning Factor The Parental Factor The Developmental Factor The Consciousness Factor The Unconscious Factor Final Comment Ch 15: Review Questions Glossary References Name Index Subject Index ES-7