Marxism In Asia (rle Marxism) (routledge Library Editions: Marxism)

The 1985 work re-published in 2015. Marxism is a theory which originated in the context of nineteenth-century industrialised Europe. Despite its European origins, Marxism has actually found greatest significance as a doctrine for change in the context of the underdeveloped peasant societies of Asia. This paradox has only been resolved through adaptation of Marxism to suit the specific features of particular Asian societies. There has consequently been a differentiation of Marxism along national lines. In this book, first published in 1985, the theoretical and practical implications for this national differentiation of a ‘universal’ (European) theory are explored, followed by a more detailed analysis of the manner in which Marxism has developed during different historical periods in particular Asian contexts. 1. Introduction : Marx and Europe, Marxism in Asia / Nick Knight and Colin Mackerras -- 2. Leninism, Stalinism and the comintern / Nick Knight -- 3. Mao Zedong and the 'sinification of Marxism' / Nick Knight -- 4. Mao Zedong and the Chinese road to socialism / Nick Knight -- 5. Chinese Marxism since Mao / Colin Mackerras -- 6. The Juche idea and the thought of Kim II Sung / Colin Mackerras -- 7. Marxism in Japan : theory versus tradition / Alan Rix -- 8. The application of Marxism-Leninism to Vietnam / Sean Kelly and Colin Mackerras -- 9. Kampuchea and Stalinism / Ben Kiernan -- 10. The Indonesian Marxist tradition / Robert Cribb -- 11. Conclusion : continuity and change of Marxism-Leninism in Asia / Nick Knight and Colin Mackerras In this book, first published in 1992, the author examines the polemic fought by German Social-Democratic Party leaders and intellectuals Karl Kautsky and Eduard Bernstein against what they perceived to be misunderstandings of Marxism propagated by members of the Social-Democratic Federation (SDF) in England and by the socialist leader Wilhelm Liebknecht in Germany. The debate raised basic questions of socialist theory, including whether the program of Marx and Engels called for scholarly study, parliamentary democracy, and gradual social evolution, or for Utopian speculation, economic collapse George Orwell wrote in Nineteen Eighty Four that 'If there is hope, it lies in the proles.' A century earlier Marx was unequivocal: the future belonged to the proletariat. Today such confidence might seem misplaced. The proletariat has not yet fulfilled Marx's expectations, and seems unlikely ever to do so. How could Marx have entertained the notion that the proletariat would emancipate humanity from capitalism and from class rule itself? This book, first published in 1988, attempts an explanation by examining the sources and development of Marx's concept of the proletariat. It contends that t Marx's Grundrisse is acknowledged as the vital link between Marx's early and late work. It is also a crucial text in elucidating Marx's debt to the idealist philosopher G.W.F. Hegel. This book, first published in 1988, is the first full-length study of that relationship, in a thorough textual analysis which makes the connections explicit and also the Grundrisse's relations to the works of Adam Smith and Aristotle. This book argues that Marx's critique of political economy, and his critique of Hegel, are double interrelated. Not only did Marx adapt Hegelian logic in order to analyse the economi This book, first published in 1986, presents a radical challenge to socialist orthodoxy, subjecting a key component of that orthodoxy - Marxism - to sustained criticism. Les Johnston argues that Marxism cannot provide the foundations for a rigorous socialist theory or an effective socialist politics. A fundamental element of this criticism is the suggestion that the problem of 'reductionism' which has preoccupied Marxists is a red herring. Marxism's problem is not its reductionism but its theoretical incoherence. Marxism is not 'deterministic', for there is invariably an indeterminate relation Discusses material in the exhaustive edition of the works of Marx and Engels, the Historisch-kritische Gesamtausgabe, 1927-1932