Markedness in synchrony and diachrony (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs [TiLSM] Book 39)

TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing. Preface 5 Contributors 9 Introduction 11 Markedness Theory – the First 150 Years 21 Defining Markedness 57 Markedness and Linguistic Change 77 Markedness, Sound Change and Linguistic Reconstruction 97 Markedness and Naturalness 113 1. Thoughts about markedness and normalcy/naturalness 113 2. Markedness and naturalness in phonology; the case of natural phonology 121 Towards a Theory of Semantic Markedness 131 Internationalisms: Marked or Unmarked 149 Markedness, Productivity and Naturalness in L2 Learner Lexis 161 Markedness and Grammaticalization 185 On the Assessment of the Markedness Status of the exponents of a Grammatical Category 201 Markedness and the Category of Case in Polish 217 Inflectional Class Markedness 237 On the Distinction Marked/Unmarked and Primary/Secondary in a Linguistic Description 259 Markedness and the Grammar of INFL and Verb in English 275 The Marked-Unmarked Distinction in the Grammar of the German Ergative Verb 301 Transitivity and Markedness: the Antipassive in Accusative Languages 319 Markedness and Clause Structure 343 On the Markedness of “Narrative Temporal Clauses” 369 Author Index 383 Language Index 387 Subject Index 389

TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science.

TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language.

TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing.

TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks, as well as studies that provide new insights by approaching language from an interdisciplinary perspective. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing.