پستانداران دریایی و صدا

Many marine mammals communicate by emitting sounds that pass through water. Such sounds can be received across great distances and can influence the behavior of these undersea creatures. In the past few decades, the oceans have become increasingly noisy, as underwater sounds from propellers, sonars, and other human activities make it difficult for marine mammals to communicate. This book discusses, among many other topics, just how well marine mammals hear, how noisy the oceans have become, and what effects these new sounds have on marine mammals. The baseline of ambient noise, the sounds produced by machines and mammals, the sensitivity of marine mammal hearing, and the reactions of marine mammals are also examined. An essential addition to any marine biologist's library, Marine Mammals and Noise will be especially appealing to marine mammalogists, researchers, policy makers and regulators, and marine biologists and oceanographers using sound in their research. "Many marine mammals communicate by emitting sounds that pass through water. Such sounds can be received across great distances and can influence the behavior of these undersea creatures. In the past few decades, the oceans have become increasingly noisy, as underwater sounds from propellers, sonars, and other human activities make it difficult for marine mammals to communicate. This book will discuss, among many other topics, just how well marine mammals hear, how noisy the oceans have become, and what effects these new sounds have on marine mammals. The baseline of ambient noise, the sounds produced by machines and mammals, the sensitivity of marine mammal hearing, and the reactions of marine mammals are also examined." "An essential addition to any marine biologist's library, Marine Mammals and Noise will be especially appealing to marine mammalogists, researchers, policy makers and regulators and marine biologists and oceanographers using sound in their research."--Jacket Content: Front Matter , Page iii Copyright , Page iv PREFACE , Pages xiii-xvi CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION , Pages 1-13 CHAPTER 2 - ACOUSTIC CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGY , Pages 15-32 CHAPTER 3 - MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES , Pages 33-58 CHAPTER 4 - SOUND PROPAGATION , Pages 59-86 CHAPTER 5 - AMBIENT NOISE , Pages 87-100 CHAPTER 6 - MAN-MADE NOISE , Pages 101-158 CHAPTER 7 - MARINE MAMMAL SOUNDS , Pages 159-204 CHAPTER 8 - MARINE MAMMAL HEARING , Pages 205-240 CHAPTER 9 - DOCUMENTED DISTURBANCE REACTIONS , Pages 241-324 CHAPTER 10 - ZONES OF NOISE INFLUENCE , Pages 325-386 CHAPTER 11 - SIGNIFICANCE OF RESPONSES AND NOISE IMPACTS , Pages 387-424 CHAPTER 12 - CONCLUSIONS AND DATA NEEDS , Pages 425-452 LITERATURE CITED , Pages 453-532 APPENDIX 1 - COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF MARINE MAMMALS , Pages 533-536 APPENDIX 2 - A GLOSSARY OF ACOUSTICAL TERMS , Pages 537-546 INDEX , Pages 547-576