Marble Past, Monumental Present: Building With Antiquities in the Mediaeval Mediterranean (The Medieval Mediterranean)

This is a broad survey of the various structural and decorative uses of marble and antiquities throughout the Mediterranean during the Millennium following the Emperor Constantine. The heavy footprint of Roman civic and religious architecture helped provide attractive and luxurious building materials, re-used to construct diverse and often sophisticated monuments. The book argues that marble-rich sites and cities around this lake were linked at various times and in varying degrees by trade, pilgrimage, war and diplomacy, as well as by the imperatives of religion - Venice to Alexandria, Damascus to Cordoba. Aachen makes less sense without reference to Rome or Jerusalem; Damascus without Kairouan; Istanbul without Cairo. To accompany the illustrations in the text, the DVD at the back of the book contains over 5,000 images, together with discussions which extend various arguments in the printed book. CONTENTS......Page 6 Overview......Page 12 Layout of the Printed Book......Page 13 The DVD......Page 14 Acknowledgments......Page 18 PART ONE SETTING THE SCENE......Page 20 The Mediterranean: a lake surrounded by marble......Page 22 New marble architecture from prestige materials......Page 29 Population increase, laziness, cost-accounting and building with antiquities......Page 34 Knowledge and utility of the past......Page 36 Evidence, documentation and the search for meaning(s)......Page 39 Religious and secular uses of marble......Page 44 But what is marble?......Page 45 Geographical and chronological span of this book, and its layout......Page 48 The City of Rome from Augustus to Constantine......Page 52 Marble in the later Empire......Page 58 "Beautiful new monuments replace ugly ruins"......Page 62 The Transformation of the Ancient World......Page 69 Marble in Early Christian Italy......Page 71 Byzantium......Page 86 Marble new and re-used, colonnades and colour......Page 88 Constantinople......Page 90 Ravenna......Page 98 Conclusion: marble and pilgrimage......Page 100 PART TWO LOGISTICS AND FASHIONS......Page 106 Introduction......Page 108 Quarrying in the Middle Ages: the outline argument......Page 109 Evidence for mediaeval quarrying......Page 112 Antique stockpiles of classical marbles......Page 130 Stockpiles of classical marbles made in mediaeval centuries......Page 139 Transport by sea......Page 143 Transport by land......Page 150 Preparation of marbles......Page 155 Conclusion......Page 157 Introduction: another method of acquisition......Page 160 Overview of trophy-looting......Page 163 Pisa, Genoa and Mahdiya......Page 171 Christians and Muslims in Jerusalem......Page 178 Conclusion......Page 186 Introduction......Page 188 Marble, polished and squared......Page 189 Different sources of re-used materials......Page 193 Different types of re-used materials......Page 201 Types of buildings using marble......Page 231 Conclusion......Page 250 PART THREE SURVEYS OF THE ISLAMIC AND CHRISTIAN WORLDS......Page 252 Byzantine North Africa......Page 254 Constantinople......Page 258 Anatolia and Greece......Page 260 Conclusion......Page 271 Introduction......Page 274 Difficulties in investigating early Islamic architecture ......Page 280 Large building projects......Page 285 Grandeur and ashes: ruination and re-use......Page 291 Jerusalem from Herod to Islam......Page 294 Mecca and Medina......Page 307 Damascus......Page 310 Córdoba......Page 315 Seville and Granada......Page 329 Kairouan, Mahdiya and Tunis......Page 332 Baghdad and Samarra......Page 340 Conclusion......Page 343 Introduction......Page 346 Building with marble before Charlemagne......Page 348 Charlemagne and marble use......Page 352 Charlemagne and the Islamic world......Page 363 Aachen as a response to Islam......Page 372 Conclusion......Page 377 Appendix: Ambassadorial etc. exchanges East and West......Page 378 Introduction......Page 382 Early Christian revivals and the Liber Pontificalis ......Page 384 Making do, but aesthetically: revivals in Rome after the millennium......Page 389 San Vincenzo al Volturno......Page 394 Benevento and elsewhere: marble monuments displayed on churches......Page 397 Genoa......Page 402 Modena......Page 406 Sicily: Palermo and Monreale......Page 411 Amalfi, Montecassino and Salerno ......Page 419 Apulia: Bari and Trani......Page 429 Pisa......Page 430 Venice......Page 440 The Gate at Capua, and Frederick II's antiquities......Page 458 Conclusion......Page 461 Introduction......Page 466 Alexandria and marble for Cairo......Page 467 The Coptic Church and marble......Page 471 Cairo/Fustat......Page 473 Aleppo and Damascus under Abbasids and Mamluks......Page 487 The Seljuks in Anatolia......Page 491 Ottoman Bursa, Manisa and Istanbul......Page 493 Conclusion......Page 500 Introduction......Page 502 Before the millennium......Page 503 After the millennium......Page 513 Problems with Glaber's "White Mantle of Churches"......Page 515 Christian Spain......Page 520 Santiago de Compostela......Page 527 Building with antiquities in Roman France......Page 529 Arles......Page 530 Narbonne......Page 537 Conclusion......Page 540 CONCLUSION & BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 542 The Middle Ages and the ancient landscape......Page 544 Re-used marble and new monuments......Page 546 Food for thought......Page 547 The significance of marble use in the Middle Ages ......Page 549 Abbreviations of frequently cited works......Page 550 The Mediterranean in architecture, war and commerce......Page 553 Building materials and techniques (excluding marble)......Page 554 Imperial Rome......Page 555 Transformation of the Roman World......Page 557 Pilgrimage and Shrines......Page 559 Byzantium and her Empire......Page 560 Mediaeval Europe......Page 565 Mediaeval Rome......Page 566 Egypt......Page 570 France......Page 572 Islam (more than one country)......Page 576 Italian Peninsula......Page 579 Marble and related stones and their Impact......Page 580 North Africa excluding Egypt......Page 583 Northern Italy except Pisa, Genoa and Venice......Page 586 Pisa, Genoa and Venice......Page 589 Southern Italy and Sicily......Page 594 Spain......Page 599 Re-use of Earlier materials......Page 605 Syria and the Near East......Page 607 Charlemagne to the Hohenstaufen......Page 612 Travellers' Accounts (more than one area)......Page 615 Turkey (excluding Byzantium)......Page 616 England......Page 617 General Index......Page 620 Index of Marble......Page 634 Illustrations......Page 638 A broad survey of the various structural and decorative uses of marble and antiquities throughout the Mediterranean during the Millennium following the Emperor Constantine. The heavy footprint of Roman civic and religious architecture helped provide attractive and luxurious building materials, re-used to construct diverse and often sophisticated monuments. The book argues that marble-rich sites and cities around this lake were linked at various times and in varying degrees by trade, pilgrimage, war and diplomacy, as well as by the imperatives of religion - Venice to Alexandria, Damascus to Córdoba. Aachen makes less sense without reference to Rome or Jerusalem; Damascus without Kairouan; Istanbul without Cairo. To accompany the illustrations in the text, the DVD at the back of the book contains over 5,000 images, together with discussions which extend various arguments in the printed book. By Michael Greenhalgh. Accompanying Cd-rom Contains ... Over 5000 Images, Together With Discussions Which Extend Various Arguments In The Printed Text.--p. [4] Of Cover. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [531]-598) And Indexes. System Requirements For Accompanying Cd-rom: Windows Internet Explorer; Cd-rom Or Dvd-rom Drive. This survey and synthesis of the structural and decorative uses of Roman remains, particularly marble, throughout the mediaeval Mediterranean, deals with the Christian West - but also Byzantium and Islam, each the inheritor of much Roman territory. It includes a 5000-image DVD. Accompanying CD-ROm contains ... "over 5000 images, together with discussions which extend various arguments in the printed text."--Page 4 of cover