Manual of Emergency and Critical Care Ultrasound

"Ultrasound has revolutionized a physician's ability to make urgent and emergent diagnoses at the bedside, and has changed the management of many acute injuries and conditions. This is a practical, concise introduction to what is rapidly becoming an essential tool for all critical care physicians: bedside emergency ultrasound. The Manual covers the full spectrum of conditions diagnosed using ultrasound and gives practical guidance in how to use ultrasound for common invasive procedures. Major applications are introduced using focused diagnostic questions and reviewing the image-acquisition skills needed to answer them. Images of positive and negative findings are presented, and scanning tips for improving image quality. The second edition has been substantially revised and expanded, with new images, updated literature reviews, new applications and clinical algorithms. New chapters cover additional procedures, musculoskeletal and pediatric applications, and the use of ultrasound in resuscitation. This text is invaluable for emergency physicians at all levels"--Provided by publisher. Half-Title......Page 3 Title......Page 5 Copyright......Page 6 Contents......Page 7 Acknowledgments......Page 13 Basic definitions and physics principles......Page 15 Basic instrumentation......Page 19 Using the transducer/probe......Page 21 Probe and screen markers......Page 22 Proprioception......Page 23 Probe positioning when scanning......Page 24 Understanding the formed image......Page 25 Adjusting the image......Page 26 Scanning modes......Page 28 Effects and artifacts......Page 30 Section 1 Diagnostic ultrasound ......Page 37 Introduction......Page 41 Anatomy......Page 42 Probe selection......Page 46 Morisons pouch......Page 47 Perisplenic space......Page 48 Pelvis......Page 49 Subxiphoid......Page 51 Trouble with the RUQ view......Page 52 Normal images......Page 53 Abnormal images......Page 56 Extended FAST or eFAST......Page 61 Sample clinical protocol......Page 63 Literature review......Page 64 Detection of pneumothorax......Page 65 Technique......Page 66 New directions......Page 70 References......Page 71 Focused questions for cardiac ultrasound......Page 75 Anatomy......Page 76 Technique......Page 77 Subcostal/subxiphoid view......Page 78 Left parasternal long-axis view......Page 81 Apical four-chamber view......Page 84 Trouble with the parasternal long-axis view......Page 87 Normal images......Page 88 Pericardial fluid......Page 90 Cardiac tamponade......Page 92 Global cardiac function......Page 95 Cardiac arrest......Page 97 Pulmonary embolism......Page 98 Sample clinical protocols......Page 100 Literature review......Page 101 New directions......Page 102 References......Page 0 Introduction......Page 105 Terminology......Page 106 Anatomy......Page 107 Probe selection......Page 108 Views......Page 109 Views......Page 112 Normal images in early pregnancy......Page 115 Ectopic pregnancy......Page 120 Abnormal images......Page 121 Sample clinical protocol......Page 123 Literature review......Page 124 New directions......Page 125 Focused questions for aorta ultrasound......Page 129 Views......Page 130 Proximal aorta......Page 131 Distal aorta......Page 133 Longitudinal view......Page 134 Aorta versus vena cava......Page 136 Trouble with aorta scanning......Page 138 AAA......Page 139 Aortic dissection......Page 141 Sample clinical protocol......Page 142 Literature review......Page 143 Introduction......Page 147 Anatomy......Page 148 Views......Page 150 Trouble with renal scanning......Page 152 Normal images......Page 154 Hydronephrosis......Page 155 Other pathologic images......Page 158 Sample clinical protocol......Page 161 New directions......Page 162 Anatomy......Page 165 Probe selection......Page 166 Views......Page 167 Measurements......Page 170 Trouble with gallbladder scanning......Page 172 Normal images......Page 173 Cholelithiasis......Page 174 Cholecystitis......Page 176 Acute acalculous cholecystitis......Page 178 Mimics......Page 181 Sample clinical protocol......Page 182 Literature review......Page 183 Anatomy......Page 187 Probe selection......Page 189 Views......Page 193 Scanning tips......Page 194 Normal images......Page 195 Abnormal images......Page 196 Sample clinical protocol......Page 199 Augmentation......Page 200 Literature review......Page 201 New directions......Page 202 Focused questions for respiratory ultrasound......Page 205 Airway......Page 206 Chest......Page 207 Airway......Page 209 Chest......Page 210 Trouble with the chest images......Page 211 Abnormal images......Page 212 Literature review......Page 213 New directions......Page 214 Focused questions for ocular ultrasound......Page 217 Anatomy......Page 218 Probe selection......Page 219 Normal images......Page 220 Abnormal images......Page 221 Literature review......Page 223 New directions......Page 224 Bone and tendons......Page 227 Anatomy......Page 228 Soft tissue......Page 229 Musculoskeletal......Page 230 Normal images......Page 233 Abnormal images......Page 235 New directions......Page 238 Hernia......Page 241 Small bowel obstruction......Page 243 Perforated viscus/free air......Page 245 Anatomy......Page 246 Probe selection......Page 247 Views......Page 248 Scanning tips......Page 249 Abnormal images......Page 250 Literature review......Page 252 New directions......Page 253 Appendicitis......Page 255 Pyloric stenosis......Page 257 Hip effusions......Page 258 IVC evaluation for dehydration......Page 259 Focused questions for pediatric ultrasound......Page 260 Anatomy......Page 261 Views......Page 262 Normal images......Page 263 Abnormal images......Page 265 New directions......Page 267 Cardiac ultrasound......Page 269 Right ventricular dilatation......Page 270 Inferior vena cava......Page 272 Aorta......Page 275 Pleura and lung......Page 276 Sample clinical protocol......Page 277 Literature review......Page 279 Section 2 Procedural ultrasound ......Page 283 Anatomy......Page 287 Femoral triangle anatomy......Page 288 Approaches......Page 291 Probe orientation......Page 293 Vessel identification......Page 294 For a short-axis approach......Page 295 For a long-axis approach......Page 299 Pitfalls......Page 302 Peripheral venous cannulation......Page 303 Anatomy......Page 304 Setup......Page 305 Pitfalls......Page 306 Literature review......Page 308 Focused questions......Page 311 Special equipment......Page 312 Procedure......Page 313 Literature review......Page 314 Setup......Page 315 Procedure......Page 316 Literature review......Page 317 Anatomy......Page 318 Hip......Page 319 Knee......Page 320 Tips......Page 321 Foreign body identification/localization......Page 322 Probe selection......Page 323 Procedure......Page 324 Focused questions......Page 329 Probe selection......Page 330 Peritonsillar abscesses......Page 331 Probe selection......Page 333 Setup......Page 334 Procedure......Page 335 Literature review......Page 336 Focused question......Page 337 Anatomy......Page 338 Urethral bladder catheterization......Page 339 Pitfalls......Page 340 Probe selection......Page 341 Special equipment......Page 342 Femoral nerve block......Page 343 Interscalene nerve block......Page 344 Tips......Page 346 Literature review......Page 347 Index......Page 351 Machine generated contents note: Preface; 1. Fundamentals; Part I. Diagnostic Ultrasound: 2. Focused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST); 3. Echocardiography; 4. First-trimester ultrasound; 5. Abdominal aortic aneurysm; 6. Renal and bladder; 7. Gallbladder; 8. Deep-vein thrombosis; 9. Chest ultrasound; 10. Ocular ultrasound; 11. Musculoskeletal and soft tissue ultrasound; 12. Gastrointestinal ultrasound; 13. Pediatric ultrasound applications; 14. Ultrasound for the hypotensive patient; 15. Vascular access; 16. Ultrasound for procedure guidance; Index.