Male Sterility in Higher Plants (Monographs on Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 10)

" . . . . . . Nature has something more in view than that its own proper males should fecundate each blossom. " Andrew Knight Philosophical Transactions, 1799 Sterility implicating the male sex solely presents a paradoxical situation in which universality and uniqueness are harmoniously blended. It maintains a built-in outbreeding system but is not an isolating mechanism, as male steriles, the "self-emasculated" plants, outcross with their male fertile sibs normally. Both genes (nuclear and cytoplasmic) and environment, individually as well as conjointly, induce male sterility, the former being genetic and the latter nongenetic. Genetic male sterility is controlled either exclusively by nuclear genes (ms) or by the complementary action of nuclear (lr) and cytoplasmic (c) genes. The former is termed genic and the latter gene-cytoplasmic male sterility. Whereas genic male sterility exhibits Mendelian inheritance, gene-cytoplasmic male sterility is non-Mendelian, with specific transmissibility of the maternal cytoplasm type. Genetic male sterility is documented in 617 species and species crosses com­ prising 320 species, 162 genera and 43 families. Of these, genic male sterility occurs in 216 species and 17 species crosses and gene-cytoplasmic male sterility in 16 species and 271 species crosses. The Predominance of species exhibiting genic male sterility and of species crosses exhibiting gene-cytoplasmic male sterility is due to the fact that for the male sterility expression in the former, mutation of nuclear genes is required, but in the latter, mutations of both nuclear and cytoplasmic genes are necessary. Front Matter....Pages I-XVI Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Introduction....Pages 3-14 Genic Male Sterility....Pages 15-96 Gene-Cytoplasmic Male Sterility....Pages 97-192 Chemical Male Sterility....Pages 193-220 Biochemistry....Pages 221-232 Graft Transfer and Viral Nature....Pages 233-239 Molecular Basis....Pages 240-247 Origin and Causes....Pages 248-257 Major Features....Pages 258-267 Gynodioecy....Pages 268-277 Utility, Limitations and Lacunae....Pages 278-287 Front Matter....Pages 289-289 Anacardiaceae....Pages 291-292 Begoniaceae....Pages 293-294 Cannaceae....Pages 295-295 Cannabinaceae....Pages 296-297 Caricaceae....Pages 298-298 Caryophyllaceae....Pages 299-301 Chenopodiaceae....Pages 302-328 Compositae....Pages 329-355 Cruciferae....Pages 356-392 Front Matter....Pages 289-289 Cucurbitaceae (gourd family)....Pages 393-410 Ericaceae....Pages 411-411 Euphorbiaceae....Pages 412-417 Fagaceae....Pages 418-418 Geraniaceae....Pages 419-425 Gesneriaceae....Pages 426-430 Gramineae (grass family)....Pages 431-614 Iridaceae....Pages 615-616 Labiatae....Pages 617-622 Leguminosae....Pages 623-684 Liliaceae....Pages 685-697 Limanthaceae....Pages 698-698 Linaceae....Pages 699-704 Malvaceae....Pages 705-716 Moraceae....Pages 717-717 Myrsinaceae....Pages 718-718 Oleaceae....Pages 719-719 Onagraceae....Pages 720-727 Papavaraceae....Pages 728-728 Pedaliaceae....Pages 729-731 Front Matter....Pages 289-289 Plantaginaceae....Pages 732-734 Polemoniaceae....Pages 735-735 Polygonaceae....Pages 736-736 Primulaceae....Pages 737-737 Ranunculaceae....Pages 738-740 Rosaceae....Pages 741-742 Rutaceae....Pages 743-746 Scrophulariaceae....Pages 747-749 Solanaceae....Pages 750-837 Tiliaceae....Pages 838-838 Urticaceae....Pages 839-839 Valerianaceae....Pages 840-840 Violaceae....Pages 841-842 Vitaceae....Pages 843-844 Concepts and Conclusions....Pages 845-883 Back Matter....Pages 885-1005 ". ... . Nature has something more in view than that its own proper males should fecundate each blossom." Andrew Knight Philosophical Transactions, 1799 Sterility implicating the male sex solely presents a paradoxical situation in which universality and uniqueness are harmoniously blended. It maintains a built-in outbreeding system but is not an isolating mechanism, as male steriles, the "self-emasculated" plants, outcross with their male fertile sibs normally. Both genes (nuclear and cytoplasmic) and environment, individually as well as conjointly, induce male sterility, the former being genetic and the latter nongenetic. Genetic male sterility is controlled either exclusively by nuclear genes (ms) or by the complementary action of nuclear (lr) and cytoplasmic (c) genes. The former is termed genic and the latter gene-cytoplasmic male sterility. Whereas genic male sterility exhibits Mendelian inheritance, gene-cytoplasmic male sterility is non-Mendelian, with specific transmissibility of the maternal cytoplasm type. Genetic male sterility is documented in 617 species and species crosses comƯ prising 320 species, 162 genera and 43 families. Of these, genic male sterility occurs in 216 species and 17 species crosses and gene-cytoplasmic male sterility in 16 species and 271 species crosses. The Predominance of species exhibiting genic male sterility and of species crosses exhibiting gene-cytoplasmic male sterility is due to the fact that for the male sterility expression in the former, mutation of nuclear genes is required, but in the latter, mutations of both nuclear and cytoplasmic genes are necessary