Making America: A History of the United States, Volume 2: From 1865, Brief (Available Titles CourseMate)

MAKING AMERICA: A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, BRIEF FIFTH EDITION, presents history as a dynamic process shaped by human expectations, difficult choices, and often the surprising consequences. With this focus on history as a process, MAKING AMERICA encourages students to think historically and to develop into citizens who value the past. The clear chronology, straightforward narrative, and strong thematic structure emphasize communication over intimidation, and appeal to students of varied learning levels. The Brief Fifth Edition retains a hallmark feature of the MAKING AMERICA program: pedagogical tools that allow students to master complex material and enable them to develop analytical skills. Every chapter has chapter outlines, chronologies, focus questions, and in-text glossaries to provide guidance throughout the text. A new feature called Investigating America gets to the heart of learning history: reading and analyzing primary sources. The text's new open, inviting design allows students to access and use pedagogy to improve learning. Front Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Brief Contents ......Page 6 Contents......Page 8 Maps......Page 16 Features......Page 18 Preface......Page 20 A Note for the Students: Your Guide to Making America......Page 26 About the Authors......Page 28 INDIVIDUAL CHOICES: Blanche K. Bruce......Page 32 Republican War Aims......Page 34 Approach to Reconstruction: “With Malice Toward None”......Page 35 Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction......Page 36 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: Mississippi Black Code, 1865......Page 38 The Civil Rights Act of 1866......Page 39 Defining Citizenship: The Fourteenth Amendment......Page 40 Radicals in Control......Page 41 FREEDOM AND THE LEGACY OF SLAVERY......Page 42 Defining the Meaning of Freedom......Page 43 Creating Communities......Page 44 Land and Labor......Page 45 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: Jourdan Anderson’s Proposition, 1865......Page 46 Political Terrorism and the Election of 1868......Page 47 BLACK RECONSTRUCTION......Page 48 The Republican Party in the South......Page 49 Creating an Educational System and Fighting Discrimination......Page 50 The “New Departure”......Page 51 The Politics of Terror: The “Mississippi Plan”......Page 52 The Compromise of 1877......Page 53 After Reconstruction......Page 55 SUMMARY......Page 56 INDIVIDUAL CHOICES: Frank Roney......Page 58 FOUNDATION FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION......Page 59 Resources, Skills, and Capital......Page 60 The Transformation of Agriculture......Page 61 The Impact of War and New Government Policies......Page 62 Overview: The Economy from the Civil War to World War I......Page 63 Railroad Expansion......Page 64 Chicago: Railroad Metropolis......Page 66 Andrew Carnegie and the Age of Steel......Page 67 MATTERS TODAY: Vertical Integration......Page 68 Survival of the Fittest or Robber Barons?......Page 69 Workers for Industry......Page 71 Craft Unionism—and Its Limits......Page 72 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: William Sylvis’s Address in Chicago, 1865......Page 73 Parties, Conventions, and Patronage......Page 74 Republicans and Democrats......Page 75 Grant’s Troubled Presidency: Spoils and Scandals......Page 76 Challenges to Politics as Usual: Grangers, Greenbackers, and Silverites......Page 77 THE UNITED STATES AND THE WORLD, 1865–1880......Page 79 SUMMARY......Page 81 INDIVIDUAL CHOICES: Nikola Tesla......Page 83 Standard Oil: Model for Monopoly......Page 85 Thomas Edison and the Power of Innovation......Page 86 Selling to the Nation......Page 87 Railroads, Investment Bankers, and “Morganization”......Page 88 Economic Concentration in Consumer- Goods Industries......Page 89 1886: Turning Point for Labor?......Page 90 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: August Spies Addresses the Court, 1886......Page 91 Uniting the Craft Unions: The American Federation of Labor......Page 92 Hyphenated America......Page 93 THE NEW URBAN AMERICA......Page 95 New Cities of Skyscrapers and Streetcars......Page 96 The New Urban Geography......Page 97 The New Middle Class......Page 98 Ferment in Education......Page 99 Redefining Gender Roles......Page 100 IT MATTERS TODAY: The WCTU and Woman Suffrage Outside the United States......Page 101 The Presidencies of Garfield and Arthur......Page 102 Cleveland and the Democrats......Page 103 The Mixed Blessings of Urban Machine Politics......Page 104 Challenging the Male Bastion: Woman Suffrage......Page 105 THE UNITED STATES AND THE WORLD, 1880–1889......Page 106 SUMMARY......Page 107 INDIVIDUAL CHOICES: María Amparo Ruiz de Burton......Page 109 WAR FOR THE WEST......Page 110 The Plains Indians......Page 111 The Plains Wars......Page 114 The Last Indian Wars......Page 116 Zion in the Great Basin......Page 117 Plowing the Plains......Page 118 Western Railroads......Page 121 Western Mining......Page 122 Logging in the Pacific Northwest......Page 123 Water Wars......Page 124 Immigrants to the Golden Mountain......Page 125 Forced Assimilation......Page 127 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: Helen Hunt Jackson Appeals for Justice, 1883......Page 128 Mexican Americans in the Southwest......Page 129 THE WEST IN AMERICAN THOUGHT......Page 130 The Frontier and the West......Page 131 SUMMARY......Page 132 INDIVIDUAL CHOICES: Mary Elizabeth Lease......Page 134 The People’s Party......Page 136 POLITICAL UPHEAVAL, PART TWO: THE POLITICS OF RACE......Page 137 POLITICAL UPHEAVAL, PART THREE: THE FAILURE OF THE REPUBLICANS......Page 140 The Elections of 1890 and 1892......Page 141 IT MATTERS TODAY: The Defeat of the Lodge Bill......Page 142 ECONOMIC COLLAPSE AND RESTRUCTURING......Page 143 Labor Conflict and Corporate Restructuring......Page 144 The Failure of the Divided Democrats......Page 145 The 1896 Election: Bryan Versus McKinley, Silver Versus Protection......Page 146 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: William Allen White, What’s the Matter with Kansas?” 1896......Page 147 After 1896: The New Republican Majority......Page 148 Revolution in Hawaii......Page 149 McKinley and War......Page 150 The “Splendid Little War”......Page 151 Republic or Empire: The Election of 1900......Page 154 SUMMARY......Page 155 INDIVIDUAL CHOICES: Theodore Roosevelt......Page 157 Organizing for Change......Page 158 Spearheads for Reform”: The Settlement Houses......Page 160 Women and Reform......Page 161 Racial Issues......Page 163 Exposing Corruption: The Muckrakers......Page 165 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: Ida Tarbell Exposes Standard Oil Company, 1904......Page 166 Reforming City Government......Page 167 The Decline of Parties and the Rise of Interest Groups......Page 168 Roosevelt, Taft, and Republican Progressivism......Page 169 The Square Deal in Action: Creating Federal Economic Regulation......Page 170 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: Theodore Roosevelt on Presidential Powers, 1913......Page 171 Taft’s Troubles......Page 172 Taking Panama......Page 173 Making the Caribbean an American Lake......Page 174 Roosevelt and Eastern Asia......Page 175 Debating the Future: The Election of 1912......Page 177 Wilson and Reform, 1913–1914......Page 178 IT MATTERS TODAY: The Federal Reserve Act......Page 179 Progressivism in Perspective......Page 180 SUMMARY......Page 181 INDIVIDUAL CHOICES: Charles Young......Page 183 Inherited Commitments and New Directions......Page 184 Wilson and the Mexican Revolution......Page 186 The Great War in Europe......Page 187 Neutral Rights and German U-Boats......Page 189 The Decision for War......Page 191 Mobilizing the Economy......Page 192 Mobilizing Public Opinion......Page 193 The Great Migration and White Reactions......Page 194 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: The Supreme Court Limits Free Speech, 1919......Page 195 “Over There”......Page 196 Bolshevism, the Secret Treaties, and the Fourteen Points......Page 197 The World in 1919......Page 198 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: Woodrow Wilson Proposes His Fourteen Points, 1918......Page 199 Wilson at Versailles......Page 200 The Senate and the Treaty......Page 201 Red Scare......Page 203 The Election of 1920......Page 205 SUMMARY......Page 206 INDIVIDUAL CHOICES: Clara Bow......Page 208 Targeting Consumers......Page 209 The Automobile: Driving the Economy......Page 211 Changes in Banking and Business......Page 212 Agriculture: Depression in the Midst of Prosperity......Page 213 Putting a People on Wheels: The Automobile and American Life......Page 214 A Homogenized Culture Searches for Heroes......Page 215 Renaissance Among African Americans......Page 216 TRADITIONAL AMERICA ROARS BACK......Page 217 Fundamentalism and the Crusade Against Evolution......Page 218 Nativism, Immigration Restriction, and Eugenics......Page 219 The Ku Klux Klan......Page 220 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: The Klan’s Imperial Nighthawk, 1923......Page 221 ETHNICITY, RACE, CLASS, AND GENDER IN THE 1920S......Page 222 Ethnicity and Race: North, South, and West......Page 223 Labor on the Defensive......Page 224 Changes in Women’s Lives......Page 225 Harding’s Failed Presidency......Page 226 The Three-Way Presidential Election of 1924......Page 227 The Politics of Business......Page 228 The 1928 Campaign and the Election of Hoover......Page 229 America and the European Economy......Page 230 Encouraging International Cooperation......Page 231 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: The Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1928......Page 232 SUMMARY......Page 233 INDIVIDUAL CHOICES: Frances Perkins......Page 235 The Great Crash and the Depression......Page 237 Hoover and the Depression......Page 240 THE NEW DEAL......Page 241 Roosevelt Confronts the Depression......Page 242 Seeking Recovery......Page 243 Remembering the “Forgotten Man”......Page 246 Changing Focus......Page 247 IT MATTERS TODAY: Social Security......Page 248 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: Frances Perkins Explains the Social Security Act, 1935......Page 249 Waning of the New Deal......Page 250 SURVIVING THE DEPRESSION......Page 251 “Making Do”—Families and the Depression......Page 252 Women and Minorities in the Depression......Page 253 A New Deal for Women and Minorities......Page 254 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: Eleanor Roosevelt Addresses Civil Rights, 1939......Page 256 SUMMARY......Page 258 INDIVIDUAL CHOICES: Minoru Kiyota......Page 260 Diplomacy in a Dangerous World......Page 263 Roosevelt and Isolationism......Page 264 War and American Neutrality......Page 265 The Battle for the Atlantic......Page 266 Pearl Harbor......Page 267 AMERICA RESPONDS TO WAR......Page 268 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: Franklin Roosevelt’s War Speech, 1941......Page 269 Japanese American Internment......Page 270 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: Hugo Black Defends Japanese Internment, 1944......Page 271 Mobilizing the Nation for War......Page 272 New Opportunities and Old Constraints......Page 274 The Tide Turns in Europe......Page 278 Defeating Hitler......Page 282 Entering the Nuclear Age......Page 284 SUMMARY......Page 285 INDIVIDUAL CHOICES: George Frost Kennan......Page 287 THE COLD WAR BEGINS......Page 289 Truman and the Soviets......Page 290 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: George Kennan’s “Long Telegram,” 1946......Page 291 The Division of Europe......Page 293 IT MATTERS TODAY: Appeasement......Page 294 A Global Presence......Page 296 THE KOREAN WAR......Page 297 Halting Communist Aggression......Page 298 Truman and Liberalism......Page 300 The 1948 Election......Page 302 The Red Scare......Page 303 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: Walt Disney Testifies Before HUAC, 1947......Page 305 Joseph McCarthy and the Politics of Loyalty......Page 306 Rising Expectations......Page 307 Restrained Expectations......Page 309 SUMMARY......Page 310 INDIVIDUAL CHOICES: Ray Kroc......Page 312 Eisenhower Takes Command......Page 314 Dynamic Conservatism......Page 316 EISENHOWER AND A HOSTILE WORLD......Page 317 The New Look......Page 318 Turmoil in the Middle East......Page 319 A Protective Neighbor......Page 321 The Soviets and Cold War Politics......Page 322 THE BEST OF TIMES......Page 323 Suburban and Family Culture......Page 324 Consumerism......Page 326 Rejecting Consensus......Page 327 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: Ray Kroc Explains the McDonald’s Approach to Business, 1956......Page 328 The Trouble with Kids......Page 329 Integrating Schools......Page 330 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: The Southern Manifesto, 1956......Page 332 The Montgomery Bus Boycott......Page 333 IT MATTERS TODAY: The Brown Decision......Page 334 Ike and Civil Rights......Page 335 SUMMARY......Page 336 INDIVIDUAL CHOICES: Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Ture)......Page 337 The 1960 Campaign......Page 339 The New Frontier......Page 340 Kennedy and Civil Rights......Page 342 FLEXIBLE RESPONSE......Page 344 Confronting Castro and the Soviets......Page 345 Vietnam......Page 347 DEFINING A NEW PRESIDENCY......Page 348 Old and New Agendas......Page 349 Implementing the Great Society......Page 350 Urban Riots and Black Power......Page 352 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: Stokely Carmichael Justifies Black Power, 1966......Page 354 Rejecting the Feminine Mystique......Page 355 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: Establishing The President’s Commission on the Status of Women, 1961......Page 356 The Youth Movement......Page 358 The Counterculture......Page 359 SUMMARY......Page 360 INDIVIDUAL CHOICES: Dolores Huerta......Page 362 JOHNSON AND THE WAR......Page 364 Americanization of the Vietnam War......Page 365 The Antiwar Movement......Page 367 The Tet Offensive......Page 369 The Election of 1968......Page 370 DEFINING THE AMERICAN DREAM......Page 371 The Emergence of La Causa......Page 372 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: César Chávez on Organizing Rape Workers, 1979......Page 373 American Indian Activism......Page 374 Vietnamization......Page 375 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: Veteran John Kerry’s Testimony on Vietnam, 1971......Page 378 Modifying the Cold War......Page 380 Nixon as Pragmatist......Page 381 IT MATTERS TODAY: Improving the Environment......Page 382 An Embattled President......Page 383 An Interim President......Page 385 SUMMARY......Page 386 INDIVIDUAL CHOICES: Franklin Chang-Dìaz......Page 388 THE CARTER PRESIDENCY......Page 390 Middle Eastern Crises......Page 391 Domestic Priorities......Page 394 Economic Slowdown......Page 395 Social Divisions......Page 396 New Immigrants......Page 398 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: Diameng Pa Tells His Story, 1997......Page 399 The New Right......Page 400 Reaganism......Page 401 ASSERTING WORLD POWER......Page 403 Cold War Renewed......Page 404 Reagan and Gorbachev......Page 406 Bush and a New International Order......Page 407 Protecting American Interests Abroad......Page 409 A Kinder, Gentler Nation......Page 410 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: Pat Buchanan’s “Culture War” Speech, 1992......Page 412 SUMMARY......Page 413 INDIVIDUAL CHOICES: Colin Powell......Page 415 The Shifting Economy......Page 416 THE CLINTON YEARS......Page 419 Clinton and Congress......Page 420 Judicial Restraint and the Rehnquist Court......Page 421 Clinton’s Comeback......Page 422 A Revitalized Economy......Page 423 Clinton’s Second Term......Page 424 Clinton’s Foreign Policy......Page 425 The 2000 Election......Page 426 Establishing the Bush Agenda......Page 427 Charting New Foreign Policies......Page 428 An Assault Against a Nation......Page 429 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: Colin Powell Makes a Case for War, 2003......Page 432 A Series of Political Races......Page 435 INVESTIGATING AMERICA: President Obama’s Inaugural Address, 2009......Page 438 SUMMARY......Page 439 Suggested Readings......Page 442 Declaration of Independence......Page 450 Constitution of the United States......Page 452 Presidential Elections......Page 462 Index......Page 468 This United States history textbook presents a survey of the political, social and cultural development of the early and modern United States with emphasis on the origins of the basic American institutions and ideals, from European contact to modern times and the social and cultural development of the modern United States, with emphasis on the economic, social and technological changes and the rise of the United States as a world power. Shaped with a clear political chronology, it reflects the variety of individual experiences and kaleidoscope of cultures that is American society. While maintaining its emphasis on the importance of social movements, immigrant society, and regional and political differences in American history, this work also brings attention to global influences and America's role in the world