Magoosh Complete Guide to the GRE

Crystal Clear, Up-to-Date Science + Compelling Applications = A Balanced Program for Teaching and Learning. Now updated with the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the latest findings from today's constantly evolving nutrition science literature, NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES: FROM FUNDAMENTALS TO FOOD, 4th Edition, clearly explains the scientific principles underlying nutrition while incorporating applications to help students develop a complete understanding of core concepts.This integrated approach provides a strong science foundation in a context relevant to students' daily lives. Supported by an impressive visual design, engaging case studies, and available interactive digital resources, NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES offers a unique, balanced program for teaching and learning. Cover Contents in Brief Contents List of Focus on Boxes Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1: The Science of Nutrition 1-1 What Do We Mean by "Nutrition"? 1-2 What Are the Major Nutrient Classes? 1-3 How Do Foods Provide Energy? 1-4 Are All Nutrition Claims Believable? 1-5 Nutrition and Health: What Is the Connection? Chapter 2: Nutritional Assessment and Dietary Planning 2-1 What Is The Meaning of "Nutritional Status"? 2-2 How Is Nutritional Status Assessed? 2-3 How Much of a Nutrient Is Adequate? 2-4 How Can You Easily Assess and Plan Your Diet? 2-5 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: Our Current Recommendations 2-6 How Can You Use Food Labels to Plan a Healthy Diet? 2-7 Can You Put These Concepts into Action? Chapter 3: Chemical, Biological, and Physiological Aspects of Nutrition 3-1 How Does Chemistry Apply to the Study of Nutrition? 3-2 How Do Biological Molecules Form Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems? 3-3 How Does the Digestive System Break Down Food into Absorbable Components? 3-4 How Do Gastrointestinal Motility and Secretions Facilitate Digestion? 3-5 How Does the Gastrointestinal Tract Coordinate Functions to Optimize Digestion and Nutrient Absorption? 3-6 What Is the Role of the Large Intestine? 3-7 How Does the Body Circulate Nutrients and Eliminate Cellular Waste Products? Chapter 4: Carbohydrates 4-1 What Are Simple Carbohydrates? 4-2 What Are Complex Carbohydrates? 4-3 How Are Carbohydrates Digested, Absorbed, and Circulated in the Body? 4-4 How Do Hormones Regulate Blood Glucose and Energy Storage? 4-5 How Much Carbohydrate Do We Require? Chapter 5: Protein 5-1 What Are Proteins? 5-2 Are All Food Proteins Equal? 5-3 How Are Proteins Made? 5-4 How Do Proteins Get Their Shapes? 5-5 Genetics, Epigenetics, Nutrition, and Nutrigenomics 5-6 How Are Dietary Proteins Digested, Absorbed, and Circulated? 5-7 What Are the Major Functions of Proteins and Amino Acids in the Body? 5-8 Protein Turnover, Urea Excretion, and Nitrogen Balance 5-9 How Much Protein Do You Need? 5-10 Vegetarian Diets: Healthier Than Other Dietary Patterns? 5-11 What Are the Consequences of Protein Deficiency? 5-12 Protein Excess: Is There Cause for Concern? Chapter 6: Lipids 6-1 What Are Lipids? 6-2 Which Fatty Acids Do We Need, and Where Do They Come From? 6-3 Mono-, Di-, and Triglycerides: What's the Difference? 6-4 What Are Phospholipids and Sterols? 6-5 How Are Dietary Lipids Digested? 6-6 How Are Dietary Lipids Absorbed and Circulated in the Body? 6-7 Additional Transport of Lipids Throughout the Body Requires Additional Lipoproteins 6-8 What Is the Relationship between Lipid Intake and Health? 6-9 What Are the Dietary Recommendations for Lipids? Chapter 7: Energy Metabolism 7-1 What Is Energy Metabolism? 7-2 What Is the Role of ATP in Energy Metabolism? 7-3 How Do Catabolic Pathways Release Stored Energy? 7-4 How Do Anabolic Pathways Contribute to Energy Metabolism? 7-5 How Is Energy Metabolism Influenced by Feeding and Fasting? Chapter 8: Energy Balance and Body Weight Regulation 8-1 What Is Energy Balance? 8-2 What Determines Energy Intake? 8-3 What Determines Energy Expenditure? 8-4 How Are Body Weight and Body Composition Assessed? 8-5 How Do Behavior, Environment, and Genetics Contribute to Obesity? 8-6 Can Genetics Influence Body Weight? 8-7 How Does the Body Regulate Energy Balance and Body Weight? 8-8 What Are the Best Approaches to Weight Loss? 8-9 Does Macronutrient Distribution Matter? Chapter 9: Physical Activity and Health 9-1 What Are the Health Benefits of Physical Activity? 9-2 How Does Physical Activity Impact Energy Metabolism? 9-3 What Physiologic Adaptations Occur in Response to Athletic Training? 9-4 How Does Physical Activity Influence Dietary Requirements? Chapter 10: Water-Soluble Vitamins, Choline, and Carnitine 10-1 The Water-Soluble Vitamins: A Primer 10-2 Thiamin (Vitamin B1) - Needed for Production of Acetyl Coenzyme A 10-3 Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) - Coenzyme Required for Reduction-Oxidation Reactions 10-4 Niacin (Vitamin B3) - Required for Energy Metabolism 10-5 Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5) - A Component of Coenzyme A 10-6 Vitamin B6 - Critical for Metabolism of Amino Acids 10-7 Biotin (Vitamin B7) - Coenzyme for Carboxylation Reactions 10-8 Folate - Required for Methylation Reactions 10-9 Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) - Vitamin Made Only by Microorganisms 10-10 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) - Critical Antioxidant 10-11 Choline - An Important Component of Cell Membranes 10-12 Carnitine - Needed for Intracellular Fatty Acid Transport 10-13 Summary of the Water-Soluble Vitamins and Use of Supplements Chapter 11: Fat-Soluble Vitamins 11-1 What Makes the Fat-Soluble Vitamins Unique? 11-2 Vitamin A and the Carotenoids - Needed for Eyesight and Much More 11-3 Vitamin D - The "Sunshine Vitamin" 11-4 Vitamin E - Antioxidant That Protects Biological Membranes 11-5 Vitamin K - Critical for Coagulation 11-6 Fat-Soluble Vitamins: Summary and Overall Recommendations Chapter 12: The Major Minerals and Water 12-1 What Are Minerals? 12-2 Calcium - The Body's Most Abundant Mineral 12-3 Phosphorus - A Component of Biological Membranes 12-4 Magnesium - Needed for Building Bones and Stabilizing Enzymes 12-5 Sodium and Chloride - Regulators of Fluid Balance 12-6 Potassium - An Important Intracellular Cation 12-7 Water - The Essence of Life 12-8 How Are the Functions and Food Sources of the Major Minerals Related? Chapter 13: The Trace Minerals 13-1 What Do the Trace Minerals Have in Common? 13-2 Iron - Transporter of Oxygen 13-3 Copper - Cofactor in Redox Reactions 13-4 Iodine (Iodide) - An Essential Component of the Thyroid Hormones 13-5 Selenium - A Mineral with Antioxidant Functions 13-6 Chromium - Implicated in Glucose Homeostasis 13-7 Manganese - Important for Gluconeogenesis and Bone Formation 13-8 Molybdenum - Required in Exceedingly Small Quantities 13-9 Zinc - Involved in RNA Synthesis and Gene Expression 13-10 Fluoride - Nonessential Mineral That Strengthens Bones and Teeth 13-11 Are There Other Important Trace Minerals? 13-12 Integration of Functions and Food Sources Chapter 14: Life Cycle Nutrition 14-1 What Physiological Changes Take Place during the Human Life Cycle? 14-2 What Are the Major Stages of Prenatal Development? 14-3 What Are the Recommendations for a Healthy Pregnancy? 14-4 Why Is Breastfeeding Recommended during Infancy? 14-5 What Are the Nutritional Needs of Infants? 14-6 What Are the Nutritional Needs of Toddlers and Young Children? 14-7 How Do Nutritional Requirements Change during Adolescence? 14-8 How Do Age-Related Changes in Adults Influence Nutrient and Energy Requirements? Appendices Appendix A: Aids to Calculation Appendix B: Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) Calculations and Physical Activity Values (PA). Appendix C: Summary of the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Appendix D: Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) References Glossary Index Crystal Clear, Up-to-Date Science + Compelling Applications = A Balanced Program for Learning. Develop a clear understanding of the core concepts of nutrition with NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES: FROM FUNDAMENTALS TO FOOD, 4th Edition. Now updated with the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the latest findings in the field, this proven resource clearly explains the scientific principles underlying nutrition while incorporating applications relevant to your daily life. Supported by an impressive visual design, engaging case studies, and interactive digital resources, NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES offers a unique, balanced program for learning. Develop a clear understanding of the core concepts of nutrition with NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES: FROM FUNDAMENTALS TO FOOD, 4th Edition. Now updated with the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the latest findings in the field, this proven resource clearly explains the scientific principles underlying nutrition while incorporating applications relevant to your daily life. Supported by an impressive visual design, engaging case studies, and interactive digital resources, NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES offers a unique, balanced program for learning. -- Amazon