Magnetic nanoparticles particle science, imaging technology, and clinical applications ; proceedings of the First International Workshop on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Institute of Medical Engineering, University of Lübeck, Germany, 18 - 19 March 2010

In these proceedings, an overview on recent results of a novel imaging modality based on magnetic nanoparticles is given. This imaging concept, called magnetic particle imaging (MPI), falls into the category of functional imaging and, hence, the magnetic nanoparticles may serve as tracers of metabolic processes. Today, there are interesting challenges within the practical set-up of a scanning device and also in the design of new MPI nanoparticles. During this workshop at the University of Lubeck in 2010, scientists from chemical engineering, biology, electrical engineering, physics, computer sciences and medicine discussed the promises and challenges of MPI. Cover......Page 1 MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES: Particle Science, Imaging Technology, and Clinical Applications......Page 3 ©......Page 4 FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 6 CONTENTS......Page 8 KEYNOTE......Page 12 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 14 2.1. Brownian Rotation......Page 15 2.2. Néel Rotation......Page 19 2.3. Combined Rotation......Page 23 3. CONCLUSION......Page 25 REFERENCES......Page 26 MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES......Page 28 1. APPLICATIONS AND MEASUREMENT OF CHEMICAL BINDING......Page 30 2. SPECTROSCOPY OF NANOPARTICLE BROWNIAN MOTION (MSB)......Page 31 2.1. The Effects of Chemical Binding on MSB......Page 32 3. SIMULATION RESULTS......Page 33 5. DISCUSSION......Page 34 REFERENCES......Page 35 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 37 2. ENCAPSULATION OF MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES INTO RBCS......Page 39 3. TRACER CHARACTERIZATION......Page 40 4. MPS ANALYSIS......Page 41 REFERENCES......Page 42 1. USE OF RESOVIST IN MPI STUDIES......Page 43 2. OPTIONS FOR TRACER OPTIMIZATION......Page 45 REFERENCES......Page 47 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 48 2. PARTICLE PREPARATION......Page 49 3. PARTICLE CHARACTERISATION......Page 50 4. PARTICLE FRACTIONATION......Page 52 REFERENCES......Page 53 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 55 2.1. Synthesis......Page 56 2.3. Separation......Page 57 3.2. Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy (MPS)......Page 58 REFERENCES......Page 59 MAGNETIC PARTICLE SPECTROMETRY......Page 62 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 64 2.2. MPI Signal Testing......Page 65 2.3. Langevin Model of Nanoparticle Magnetization......Page 66 3. RESULTS & DISCUSSION......Page 67 REFERENCES......Page 69 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 71 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS......Page 72 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 74 REFERENCES......Page 75 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 77 2.2. Measurement methods......Page 78 3.1. Magnetization behaviour......Page 79 3.2. Comparison of Size Distributions......Page 80 REFERENCES......Page 82 INVESTIGATION OF THE MAGNETIC PARTICLE IMAGING SIGNAL’S DEPENDENCY ON FERROFLUID CONCENTRATION......Page 84 2. SINGLE PARTICLE MODEL......Page 85 4. RESULTS......Page 87 5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION......Page 88 REFERENCES......Page 89 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 90 2. METHODS AND MATERIALS......Page 91 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 92 REFERENCES......Page 95 2. METHODS......Page 97 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 98 REFERENCES......Page 100 MAGNETIC PARTICLE IMAGING......Page 102 2. MAGNETIC PARTICLE IMAGING OVERVIEW......Page 104 3.1. Intermodulation......Page 105 3.2. MPI System Construction......Page 106 4.1. Imaging......Page 108 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 109 REFERENCES......Page 110 2.1. Physical Setup......Page 111 2.2. Image formation......Page 113 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 115 REFERENCES......Page 116 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 117 2. THEORY......Page 118 3. RESULTS......Page 121 REFERENCES......Page 122 2.1. The MPI Signal from SPIO Nanoparticles......Page 124 2.2. Relaxation Time of SPIO Ferrofluids......Page 125 2.3. 1D Ideal Particles......Page 126 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 128 Appendix: Relaxation Theory of 1D Ideal Particles......Page 129 REFERENCES......Page 130 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 131 2. COIL ASSEMBLY......Page 132 3. SIMULATION......Page 134 REFERENCES......Page 135 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 137 2. SETUP AND IMAGING SEQUENCE......Page 138 3. SIGNAL SPECTRUM AND SPECTRAL SELECTION......Page 139 4. INFORMATION CONTENT OF SELECTED FREQUENCIES......Page 140 6. CONCLUSION......Page 141 REFERENCES......Page 142 IMAGING TECHNOLOGY AND SAFETY ASPECTS......Page 144 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 146 2. ANALOGUE AMPLIFIERS......Page 147 3.1. Pulse-Width-Modulated Amplifier......Page 148 3.2. Multilevel-Inverter Based Amplifier......Page 149 4. AMPLIFIER ARCHITECTURE......Page 150 5. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION......Page 151 A NOVEL COMPENSATED COIL SYSTEM WITH HIGH HOMOGENEITY AND LOW STRAYFIELDS......Page 152 REFERENCES......Page 158 1. TRANSISTOR TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON......Page 159 2. JFET NOISE MODELLING......Page 160 3. CONCLUSION......Page 163 REFERENCES......Page 164 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 165 2. NOISE MODELLING......Page 167 3. AMPLIFIER IMPROVEMENTS......Page 170 4. CONCLUSION......Page 171 REFERENCES......Page 172 CALCULATION AND EVALUATION OF CURRENT DENSITIES AND THERMAL HEATING IN THE BODY DURING MPI*......Page 173 1.1. Numerical Simulations......Page 174 1.2. Coil Optimization......Page 175 1.3. Cell Model Simulations......Page 176 2.2. Temperature Measurements......Page 177 2.3. Coil System Design for Inductive Muscle Stimulation......Page 178 REFERENCES......Page 179 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 180 2. MPI SCANNER......Page 181 3. METHODS......Page 182 4. EVALUATION AND RESULTS......Page 183 REFERENCES......Page 184 MAGNETO-RELAXOMETRY......Page 186 CANCER THERAPY WITH MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES VISUALIZED WITH MRI, X-RAY-TOMOGRAPHY, MAGNETORELAXOMETRY AND HISTOLOGY......Page 188 2.3. In vivo experiments......Page 189 2.7. Histology......Page 190 3. RESULTS......Page 191 REFERENCES......Page 193 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 195 2.2. Multichannel Magnetorelaxometry......Page 196 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 197 4. CONCLUSION......Page 199 REFERENCES......Page 200 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 202 2.2.1. Forward model......Page 203 3.1. Remanence Data......Page 204 4.1. Sensor Setups......Page 205 4.3. In-Vitro Measurements......Page 206 5. CONCLUSION......Page 207 REFERENCES......Page 208 MEDICAL APPLICATIONS......Page 210 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 212 3. RESULTS......Page 213 4. CONCLUSIONS......Page 214 REFERENCES......Page 215 SENTINEL LYMPHNODE DETECTION IN BREAST CANCER BY MAGNETIC PARTICLE IMAGING USING SUPERPARAMAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES......Page 216 1. INTROUDUCTION......Page 217 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 218 3. RESULTS......Page 219 REFERENCES......Page 220 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 222 2. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS......Page 223 3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION......Page 224 REFERENCES......Page 226 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 228 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 229 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 230 REFERENCES......Page 233 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 235 2.3. Labeling with Iron Nanoparticles and a Fluorescence Marker......Page 236 2.5. Histological Examinations......Page 237 3.2. MRI Studies......Page 238 3.3. Histological Examinations......Page 239 4. DISCUSSION......Page 240 REFERENCES......Page 241 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 242 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS......Page 243 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 244 REFERENCES......Page 245 SHORT CONTRIBUTIONS......Page 246 COLLOIDAL STABILITY OF WATER BASED DISPERSIONS CONTAINING LARGE SINGLE DOMAIN PARTICLES OF MAGNETITE......Page 248 THE LACK OF A MUCOSAL GLYCOCALYX AS A POTENTIAL MARKER FOR THE DETECTION OF COLORECTAL NEOPLASIA BY MAGNETIC PARTICLE IMAGING......Page 249 CLINICAL APPLICATION OF IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES......Page 250 AUTHOR INDEX......Page 252 Particle dynamics of mono-domain particles in magnetic particle imaging / J. Weizenecker [und weitere] -- Magnetic nanoparticles. The effects of molecular binding on the phase of MSB measurements / J.B. Weaver, A.M. Rauwerdink. SPIO nanoparticles encapsulation into human erythrocytes for MPI application / D. Markov [und weitere]. Use of resovist in magnetic particle imaging / G. Schutz, J. Lohrke, J. Hutter. Larger single domain iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic particle imaging / S. Dutz, R. Muller, M. Zeisberger. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic particle imaging / K. Ludtke-Buzug [und weitere] -- Magnetic particle spectrometry. Size-optimized magnetite nanoparticles for magnetic particle imaging / R.M. Ferguson [und weitere]. A spectrometer to measure the usability of nanoparticles for magnetic particle imaging / S. Biederer [und weitere]. Evidence of aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles in suspensions which determine the magnetisation behaviour / D. Eberbeck, F. Wiekhorst, L. Trahms. Investigation of the magnetic particle imaging signal's dependency on ferrofluid concentration / J.-P. Gehrcke [und weitere]. Magnetization harmonics as a remote method for monitoring endocytosis of nanoparticles / A.M. Rauwerdink [und weitere]. Magnetic particle spectrometry for the evaluation of field-dependent harmonics generation / T. Wawrzik [und weitere] -- Magnetic particle imaging. Narrowband magnetic particle imaging in a mouse / P. Goodwill, S. Conolly In these proceedings, an overview on recent results of a novel imaging modality based on magnetic nanoparticles is given. This imaging concept, called magnetic particle imaging (MPI), falls into the category of functional imaging and, hence, the magnetic nanoparticles may serve as tracers of metabolic processes. Today, there are interesting challenges within the practical set-up of a scanning device and also in the design of new MPI nanoparticles. During this workshop at the University of Lübeck in 2010, scientists from chemical engineering, biology, electrical engineering, physics, computer sciences and medicine discussed the promises and challenges of MPI.