Luther and His Times: The Reformation from a New Perspective

Detiled bookmarks,there is some orange color pen marks in the of this file Enhanced by illustrations and line drawings, Luther and His Times examines the early years and development of the great reformer of the church. The author examined available primary and secondary source materials in America and Germany to prepare this unique study of Luther. Sections address: The European scene, providing background for Luther and the Reformation Luther's early life and monastic struggles; The university environment at Wittenberg Luther's posting of the theses, the early conflicts with Rome, the diet of Worms; The growth of the Reformation church and the attempts to unify Christendom; The last years of Luther Frontispiece Title Copyright Publisher's Preface Author's Preface Contents Illustrations PART ONE: The European Scene «1» The Historical Background of the German Reformation The Need of a New Perspective What Was the German Reformation? The Need for Reform The Growth of the Papacy The Medieval Church at Its Height The Failure of the Reform Councils The Renaissance Popes «2»The Age of Emperor Charles V The Holy Roman Empire Maximilian’s Dynastic Ambitions The Wars over Northern Italy Charles V and a Polyglot Empire Charles Becomes King of Spain The Election of Charles V Charles Convenes the Diet of Worms The Spanish Revolution French and Hapsburg Rivalry The Problem of the Turks «3» The History of Saxony The Luther Lands Old and New Saxony The Development of Electoral Saxony Saxony Under the Wettin Line Thuringia Meissen The Growth of the New Saxony The Origin of Ernestine and Albertine Saxony The Sixteenth Century Atmosphere PART TWO: The Protagonist «4» Martin Luther The Formative Years The Ancestral Heritage His Boyhood The Mansfeld School Days The Year in Magdeburg His Beloved Eisenach The Erfurt Student Luther Enters the Monastery «5» The Monastic Struggle The Reality of the Crisis The Cause of the Conflict The Medieval Plan of Salvation The Contribution of Augustine The Influence of the Schoolmen The Journey to Rome The Promotion to the Doctorate PART THREE: The University Environment «6» The Electoral Town of Wittenberg Medieval Wittenberg The Town of Wittenberg in Luther’s Day «7» The Physical Plant of the University The Campus Proper The University Library «8»The University of Wittenberg Academic Organization The Endowment of the University The Income of a Wittenberg Professor The Pre-Lutheran Faculty PART FOUR: The Emerging Reformer «9» Triumph of Biblical Humanism in the University of Wittenberg The Budding Biblical Humanist The Tower Discovery A New Conception of Religion Luther Wins the Wittenberg Faculty «10» Luther Attacks the Indulgence Traffic History of Indulgences The Indulgence Traffic of Albert of Majnz The Ninety-Five Theses The Reception of Luther’s Theses The Heidelberg Meeting «11» Early Attempts to Silence Luther The Sermon on the Ban The First Attack by John Eck The Appeal to the Pope Luther is Summoned to Rome The Intrigue at the Dresden Banquet Luther Appears Before Cajetan «12» Frederick the Wise in the Hour of Decision The Diplomacy of Charles von Miltitz The Death of Emperor Maximilian «13»The Leipzig Debate Luther is Drawn into the Debate Luther’s Preparation Rules of Procedure The Debate Begins Luther Accepts the Challenge The Contestants Compared The Selection of Judges The Aftermath The Battle of Words Continues Eck Maneuvers to Prejudice Paris Cologne and Louvain Condemn Luther’s Writings The Verdict of the University of Paris «14»The Stormy Days Before Worms The Maturing Reformer Luther’s Doctrinal Development Renewed Attacks The Address to the German Nobility The Babylonian Captivity of the Church The Freedom of the Christian The Drafting of the Papal Bull Exsurge, Domine Burning the Canon Law «15»The Diet of Worms Luther Summoned to Worms Luther Before the Diet The Edict of Worms «16» In the Land of the Birds The Wartburg The Luther Room Luther’s Labors at the Wartburg The Translation of the New Testament Album of Photograph PART FIVE: The Years of Fruition «17» Problems in the Early Growth of Lutheranism The Wittenberg Disturbances Confusion and Consternation The Knights’ Uprising The Peasants’ Revolt «18» Martin Luther the Man His Physical Appeabance Other Characteristics His Handicaps Katharine von Bora The Luther Family «19» Wittenberg Becomes the Nursery of the German Reformation Student Enrollment The First Lutheran University «20» Founding of the Lutheran Church The Medieval Heritage The Church Visitations in Lutheran Lands The Ordination of the Lutheran Clergy Ministerial Aids The Postils The Catechism The German Bible Liturgical Changes The Organization of Schools «21» Attempts to Unify Christendom The Controversy with Erasmus The Marburg Colloquy The Augsburg Confession The Wittenberg Concord The Schmalkald Articles «22» The Close of Life The Aging Luther Luther's Death Bibliographical Notes Notes CHAPTER ONE CHAPTER TWO CHAPTER THREE CHAPTER FOUR CHAPTER FIVE CHAPTER SIX CHAPTER SEVEN CHAPTER EIGHT CHAPTER NINE CHAPTER TEN CHAPTER ELEVEN CHAPTER TWELVE CHAPTER THIRTEEN CHAPTER FOURTEEN CHAPTER FIFTEEN CHAPTER SIXTEEN CHAPTER SEVENTEEN CHAPTER EIGHTEEN CHAPTER NINETEEN CHAPTER TWENTY CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO Index