Lung Biology in Health & Disease Volume 211 Tropical Lung Disease 2nd Edition

This authoritative guide provides state-of-the-art reviews of the most commonly encountered infectious and noninfectious tropical pulmonary diseases and emphasizes current approaches to the identification, diagnosis, and treatment of tropical lung disorders-offering a concise overview of imaging services in the tropics, as well as authoritative coverage of specific diseases such as tuberculosis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, schistosomiasis, malaria, amebiasis, Behcet's disease, and Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). cover......Page 1 Introduction......Page 14 Preface......Page 16 Contributors......Page 20 Contents......Page 24 II. Historical Comment......Page 34 III. Epidemiology......Page 35 IV. Important Pulmonary Zoonoses......Page 38 References......Page 45 I. Introduction......Page 48 II. Medical History......Page 49 III. Examination of the Chest......Page 56 IV. Extrapulmonary Signs Helpful in Diagnosing Tropical Lung Disease......Page 57 V. Sarcoidosis......Page 63 VI. Heerfordt–Waldenstrom Syndrome......Page 64 VIII. Conclusion......Page 67 References......Page 68 II. Imaging Services in the Tropics......Page 70 III. Disease Profile of Lung Imaging in the Tropics......Page 71 IV. Pulmonary Tuberculosis......Page 73 V. Tuberculosis and HIV......Page 75 VI. Pulmonary Complications in HIV Infection......Page 77 VII. Kaposi’s Sarcoma......Page 80 VIII. Amebiasis......Page 81 IX. Hydatid Disease......Page 83 X. Pulmonary Strongyloides......Page 86 XI. Paragonimiasis......Page 88 XII. Melioidosis......Page 89 XIII. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)......Page 92 References......Page 93 4 Recent Advances in the Immunology of the Respiratory Tract......Page 96 I. The Mucosal Immune System......Page 97 II. TLRs......Page 99 III. TH1 vs. TH2......Page 102 IV. T-Regulatory Cells......Page 103 V. IgA......Page 105 VI. Collectins: Surfactant Proteins A and D and MBL......Page 107 VII. Host Defense Molecules......Page 110 VIII. Malnutrition and Immune Response......Page 113 IX. Immune Evasion Mechanisms......Page 115 X. Conclusion......Page 118 References......Page 119 5 Bronchoscopy: Diagnostic and Interventional Approach in Tropical Pulmonary Diseases......Page 128 I. Tuberculosis......Page 130 IV. Brucellosis......Page 134 VI. Cryptococcosis......Page 135 VIII. Coccidioidomycosis......Page 136 X. Paragonimiasis......Page 138 XII. Echinococcosis......Page 139 XIV. Strongyloidiasis......Page 140 XVII. Syngamosis......Page 142 XIX. Other Parasites......Page 143 References......Page 144 I. Introduction......Page 150 II. Legionnaires’ Disease......Page 151 III. Community-Acquired Pneumonia Due to......Page 154 IV. Respiratory Viruses......Page 156 V. Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome......Page 160 VII. SARS......Page 165 VIII. Summary......Page 168 References......Page 169 7 Pleural Effusions in the Tropics......Page 176 I. Tuberculous Pleural Effusion......Page 177 II. Pleural Effusion Secondary to Parasitic Infections......Page 181 III. Pleural Effusion Secondary to Fungal Infection......Page 189 IV. Pleural Effusions Due to Viruses......Page 192 VI. Conclusion......Page 197 References......Page 198 I. Morphology of Granuloma......Page 206 III. Immunological Events at the Site of Granuloma......Page 208 V. Differential Diagnosis......Page 209 VI. Mycobacterial Infections......Page 213 VII. Fungal Diseases......Page 214 VIII. Parasitic Diseases......Page 215 IX. Bacterial Disease......Page 216 X. Granulomatous Diseases of Unknown Cause......Page 217 XI. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitides......Page 220 XIV. Beryllosis......Page 221 XVI. Local Sarcoid (Granuloma) Reaction......Page 223 References......Page 224 I. Introduction......Page 228 II. Pulmonary Ascariasis......Page 231 III. Pulmonary Ancylostomiasis......Page 234 IV. Pulmonary Strongyloidiasis......Page 236 V. Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia......Page 239 VI. Visceral Larva Migrans......Page 249 VII. Pulmonary Trichinellosis......Page 251 VIII. Pulmonary Schistosomiasis......Page 252 X. Pulmonary Hydatid Disease......Page 253 XII. Pulmonary Brucellosis......Page 254 XIII. Fungus-Induced Eosinophilic Lung Diseases......Page 255 References......Page 256 10 Immunopathogenesis of Malaria......Page 274 I. The Malaria Parasite......Page 275 II. Pathogenesis of Malaria......Page 276 III. Immunopathogenesis of Malarial Acute Lung Injury: Increased Vascular Permeability......Page 277 IV. Immunity to Malaria......Page 278 V. Antimalarial Vaccination......Page 282 References......Page 283 I. Introduction......Page 288 II. Pathophysiology......Page 289 III. Clinical Features......Page 290 IV. Diagnosis......Page 297 V. Management......Page 298 VI. Conclusion......Page 306 References......Page 307 I. History......Page 314 II. The Parasite......Page 315 III. Pleuropulmonary Complications......Page 316 IV. Pathogenesis......Page 317 V. Clinical Features......Page 318 VII. Radiographic Findings......Page 319 IX. Treatment......Page 321 References......Page 323 I. Introduction......Page 328 III. Incidence and Epidemiology......Page 329 IV. Clinical Manifestations......Page 333 V. Diagnosis......Page 341 VI. Treatment......Page 343 VII. Clinical Presentation......Page 344 VIII. Immunology......Page 347 IX. The Future......Page 348 References......Page 349 I. Introduction......Page 360 II. Epidemiology and Genetics......Page 362 III. Clinical Presentation......Page 363 IV. Pathogenesis......Page 366 V. Immunology......Page 367 VI. Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostic Features......Page 368 VII. Treatment......Page 373 References......Page 377 I. Introduction......Page 384 II. Incidence and Epidemiology......Page 385 IV. Clinical Manifestations of Schistosomiasis......Page 387 V. Pathophysiology of Lung Involvement in Schistosomiasis......Page 388 VI. Early Pulmonary Schistosomiasis......Page 389 VII. Chronic Pulmonary Disease......Page 392 VIII. Prevention......Page 394 References......Page 396 I. Introduction......Page 400 III. Genetics......Page 401 V. FMF as a Prototype of the Periodic Fever Syndromes......Page 402 VII. Chest Manifestations of FMF......Page 403 VIII. Conclusions and Perspective......Page 405 References......Page 406 II. Incidence and Epidemiology......Page 410 IV. Clinical Presentation......Page 411 V. Pathophysiology......Page 414 VI. Immunological Alterations......Page 415 VII. Biochemical and Laboratory Features......Page 416 VIII. Natural History and Prognosis......Page 420 IX. Treatment......Page 421 References......Page 422 I. Introduction......Page 430 II. Histoplasmosis......Page 431 III. Blastomycosis......Page 440 IV. Coccidioidomycosis......Page 446 V. Paracoccidioidomycosis......Page 454 References......Page 457 I. Introduction......Page 464 II. Etiology......Page 465 III. Epidemiology......Page 466 IV. Clinical Presentation......Page 470 V. Pathophysiology......Page 474 VI. Immunological Alterations and Diagnosis......Page 476 VIII. Treatment......Page 478 Acknowledgments......Page 480 References......Page 481 I. Introduction......Page 488 III. Pathological Features of DPB (Table 2)......Page 489 IV. DPB: Is it an Illness Limited Only to Japan?......Page 490 V. Pathophysiology and Immunological Alterations......Page 494 VII. Clinical Presentation......Page 496 VIII. Treatment and Clinical Course......Page 500 References......Page 502 I. Introduction......Page 508 II. Epidemiology......Page 511 III. Clinical Presentation......Page 512 IV. Pathophysiology......Page 514 V. Immunology......Page 516 VI. Biochemical/Laboratory Features......Page 518 VII. Differential Diagnosis......Page 520 VIII. Management......Page 522 IX. Future Considerations......Page 527 References......Page 528 I. Introduction......Page 540 II. Preventive Treatment and Measurements......Page 542 III. Treatment of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Infection......Page 543 IV. Future Directions......Page 555 References......Page 556 Index......Page 568 Zoonoses or zoonotic illnesses are infections that are transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans.